Ama-Aergels izinto ezihlelwe kakhulu ezihleliwe, izikhala zangaphakathi zazo zigcwele igesi. Banokuqina okuphansi kakhulu nokusebenza okushisayo, kanye nobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokucaca ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yokuthi ama-aerogels asetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwe-thermal neminye imisebenzi. Kodwa-ke, esinye sezigaba ezibalulekile zokuthola i-Airgels ngokomiswa okuhle - kubiza kakhulu, okubeka imali okungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise lezi zinto zokwakha.
Emsebenzini omusha, ososayensi abavela e-PCU egama lingu-DI Mndulev bakutshengise lokho, ukunciphisa izimo zobuchwepheshe zokomiswa okuhle, kungenzeka ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenziswayo kakhulu le nqubo futhi kunciphise izindleko zomenzeli womile, okuyinto kwenza ukuhlanganiswa kwama-aerogels angabizi kakhulu. Imiphumela yomsebenzi ishicilelwe ejeli yokomisa ubuchwepheshe.
Ijeli elijwayelekile liyifreyimu ye-mesh enezinhlangothi ezintathu enenombolo enkulu yama-pores agcwele uketshezi. Ama-agell ahlukile kuma-gels ajwayelekile wokuthi isigaba se-liquid kuzo simiswe indawo nge-gaseous. Banobunzima obuncane futhi ngasikhathi sinye ubunzima obuphakeme, ukucaca obala, ukumelana nokushisa, kanye nokuvuselelwa okuphansi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ama-Airgels asetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezinto zokwehlukanisa okushisayo, ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha futhi ngisho nasendaweni - kusuka kuzo izicupho zothuli lwe-cosmic, okwazi ukuthwebula izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu. I-Airgels itholakala ngezigaba eziningana: Okokuqala kwezakhi zamakhemikhali eziyisisekelo zenza izixazululo zangaphambi kwamandla, khona-ke ama-gels ajwayelekile ayatholakala, bese ama-gels eyomile, ngenkathi uketshezi, ugcwalisa ithathelwa igesi.
Ukomisa okujwayelekile ekucindezelweni komkhathi kanye namazinga okushisa aphakeme akufanelekile kulezi zinhloso: kubhubhisa ukwakheka kwejeli lomthombo futhi ngenxa ye-airgel kuyo ukuthi ayitholi. Esikhundleni salokho, ukomisa ngokweqile kwenziwa, lapho kusetshenziswa uketshezi oluhlelekile - ngakho-ke libizwa ngokuthi isimo sento engcindezini nasekushitweni kwegesi ngaphezulu lapho umehluko unyamalala phakathi kwegesi kanye nesigaba segesi (ngokwesibonelo, amanzi ajwayelekile abe yi-supercritical fluid at izinga lokushisa nengcindezi enkulu kune-647 K no-218 bar, ngokulandelana).
Ukomisa okuvame kakhulu okuphezulu ku-Co2 Medium kuvame kakhulu (amapharamitha abucayi: 303.9 k, 73 bar). Ngokomiswa okunjalo, uketshezi oluhle kancane kancane lukhipha i-solvent, bese ingcindezi incishisiwe ku-reactiotor, futhi uketshezi oluhle kakhulu lungena esigabeni segesi - ngakho-ke kusuka ejeli elisesimweni esingesilo se-pores etholakala kwijeli.
Kodwa-ke, ukomisa okuhle kakhulu kuyabiza kakhulu, okukhawulela amathuba okusebenzisa ama-airgels nezinto zokwakha ezisuselwa kubo. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bafuna izindlela zokwandisa le nqubo. "Amaqembu amaningi esayensi enza ngokuqina kwenqubo yokomiswa ngokweqile," kusho omunye wababhali bomsebenzi, umsebenzi we-PCU, uPavel Gypsy. - Sigxile emsebenzini wethu we-PAHRETERS - izinga lokushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti yomiswa ngokweqile nemodi yokuphakelayo, kwisici esibalulekile senqubo yokomisa - isikhathi sayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali okuphelele kwe-ejenti yomiswa.
Abaphenyi bafunda inqubo yokomisa ngokweqile besebenzisa isibonelo se-airgel yasendulo esekwe ku-silica. I-Sopropanol yayisetshenziswa njenge-solvent yokuqala, njenge-desiccant - i-supercritical carbon dioxide. Zonke izivivinyo zenziwa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwengcindezi ephezulu. Ososayensi baqamba amapharamitha asemqoka wenqubo, bezama, ngakolunye uhlangothi, basheshise futhi banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti yomiswa, futhi kungenxa yekhwalithi yomkhiqizo elinganiselwa ngokuqukethwe okuseleyo kwe-solvel ngaphakathi kwe-solvel ngaphakathi kwe-solvel ngaphakathi kwe-solvel.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ososayensi bathola ukuthi ngenxa yezinguquko emikhakheni yokomisa okuhle, ukusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni dioxide kungancishiswa ngamaphesenti angama-63,4, futhi isikhathi senqubo esiphelele cishe ngamaphesenti angama-50. Kulokhu, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo okhiqizwayo ihlala icishe ingashintshiwe futhi ama-Silica Aerogels aphumela endaweni ethile ekhethiwe (cishe i-850 m / g) ne-95%). Ngakho-ke, osokhemisi baseRussia bathole indlela yokwandisa inqubo yokomisa okuhle, okuyingxenye enkulu yezindleko zokukhiqizwa kwezindiza.
Umthombo: Isayensi Enqunu