Intatheli yeMbewu yaseYurophu (es) portal marseille Bruins yakhuluma noMichelle Morgante, uprofesa welebhu yezolabhori ye-genomics yezitshalo zaseyunivesithi e-Udine, e-Italy. Ibandakanyekile ekwakheni izinhlobo ezintsha zamagilebhisi.
: Kungani isidingo sokuqeda amagilebhisi simelana nezifo zamakhowe?
MM: Isizathu salokhu kwakuwukuthi amagilebhisi, ngokungafani nawo wonke amanye amasiko amakhulu, akazange asebenzise impumelelo ekufuyeni kwezitshalo kuleli khulu leminyaka elidlule noma, imboni iyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa amamaki amadala, azwele kakhulu ezifweni zamakhowe. Njengomphumela wethuba elilahlekile lokusebenzisa izindlela zokumelana nofuzo, amagilebhisi ahlanganisa ama-3% esikhala sezolimo eYurophu, kepha afaka ama-60% okusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides ngenxa yokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ukuze avikele izitshalo ezivela kuma-mushroom pathogen.
Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni engama-21 edlule saqala eyunivesithi kusuka kuhlelo ukudala izinhlobo ezintsha zamagilebhisi ezivimbela ukuhlukunyezwa kwama-gciwane, isy.e., ukuwela nokukhetha.
Sawela amagilebhisi akhethekile ewayini, njenge-merlot, i-cabenet sauvignon, saavignon blanc, okubizwa ngokuthi imigqa emihle, okungukuthi, izinhlobo ezinzile ezazingumjikelezo wemibuthano eminingana yokuwela ama-vinifera anezinhlobo zokuqala kusuka eMelika nase-Asia. Ukuthwala izifo izinhlobo zofuzo.
Ithuba elengeziwe lokusithuthukisa unikezwa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlela beGenome njengeCrispr / CAS9. Ngakho-ke, ukumelana nama-mushroom pathogens ezitshalweni kungatholakala hhayi kuphela ngokusebenzisa kuphela izinhlobo zokumelana ezibona ukufika kwama-pathogen futhi kuvinjelwe ukwabiwa kwalo, okungukuthi, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezidingwa yi- I-Pathogen yokungena kumaseli wezitshalo.
Enye yazo, uhlobo lokusungula inyumbazane, luhlonzwa ngathi emivinini yamagilebhisi, nangokungasebenzi kwalo kanye nokuthola izinhlobo ezinzima ukumelana nezinhlobonhlobo, ungasebenzisa ukuhlela okunembile manje.
Izinzuzo eziphambili ziqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwe-fungicides ezingaphansi: ukunciphisa inani elidingekayo lokwelashwa kusuka ku-10-20 (kuya ngezimo zezulu) ngezinhlobo zendabuko kuze kufike ku-2-3 izinhlobo ezinzile. Ngisho nase-Organic viticulture, izinzuzo zikhona, ngoba ukulima kwezinhlobo ezinzile kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo esekwe yi-copper, okungaholela ekugxilisweni kwethusi okuphezulu enhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezinzile kwenza ukuthi kunciphise izindleko zezomnotho (ukuncishiswa kwamaphesenti angama-60-80), izindleko zamandla (ukuncishiswa ngamaphesenti angama-40-60) futhi, ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi (ukuncishiswa kwamaphesenti angama-60-75).
(Umthombo: European -Seud.com. Kuthunyelwe ngu: Marcel Bruins).