Idokhumenti yongobo yomlando weBristol ngenombolo 09594/1 yadluliswa kwisitoreji ngo-1931, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yatholwa njengengafaneleki ukucubungula. Umbhalo wesandla wawubuthaka kakhulu kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuthi asuswe ngokuphephile ukukopisha. Kepha, kusetshenziswa izindlela zesimanje kanye nezithombe zedijithali, ososayensi bakwazile ukwenza amarekhodi asendulo. I-Chronicle yayiqhutshelwa njalo kusuka ku-XVII Century kuya ku-1735, kepha iqukethe ukubizwa okungahlelekile kwemicimbi edlule kuze kube yikhulu le-XIII. Ukwahlulela ngesitayela sezincazelo nokubhala ngesandla, ababhali bombhalo wesandla kwakukhona okungenani abantu abathathu, kodwa amagama abo noma yimiphi imininingwane ngempilo akwaziwa.
Ngaphezu kwalesi sihloko esingaziwa esingaziwa, okuyigama elinjalo futhi samukelwe - anon. I-Bristol, izazi-mlando zisebenzise eminye imibhalo emibili yomlando: IziKronike ze-Bristles zaseRicart nase-Adams. Le mibhalo yesandla yaziwa kahle ngososayensi, owokuqala kwaba "ikhalenda" elisemthethweni lomuzi kusukela ngo-1479, laliholwa ngumabhalane wedolobha, kanti okwesibili kwakunguWilliam Adams (uWilliam Adams weBristol) ngawo-1630s ngesisekelo se Obomvamisana nemibhalo etholakala kuye. Lezi zincwadi ezintathu ziqukethe ubufakazi bokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okumangalisa kakhulu okwenzeka ekuqaleni kwamakhulu eminyaka we-XVI-XVII. Imiphumela yocwaningo lwezingcweli ezingokomlando yanyatheliswa kumagazini weRoyal Meteorological Society.
Icala elicacile, ngalezo zikhathi iziKronike lahola indlela encane yesayensi kunasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Ababhali bamane bachaze okuphawuleka kakhulu, ngombono wabo, emicimbini yabo. Emiyalweni yesikhathi esiqondile, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi nezinye izinkomba ze-meteorological nezinkulumo akuhambanga. Kepha ezimpawu eziqondile futhi uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo, ungaphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uthole isithombe esinemininingwane.
Isibonelo, umyalezo ophathelene nesikhukhula esinama-anomalius Januwari 20, 1607 (Januwari 30 ngesitayela esisha) uqinisekiswa yinkantolo ye-Gloucestershire yendle (iNkantolo yaseGloucesire of Sewrers) Amarekhodi. Lapho-ke amanzi awasukanga izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu, kwafika ngokushesha kangangokuba abantu bebengenaso isikhathi sokubalekela futhi basindise ezihlahleni, futhi izinga lakhe laliphakeme kakhulu kangangokuba iSonto laseSt. Nicholas lingasondela ekudonseni kwezine kuya kwezihlanu izinyawo (1,2- 1.5 amamitha). Futhi lesakhiwo masidedele nje amamitha ayi-15 ukusuka emfuleni, kungukuphakama okuncane, okungukuthi, amanzi akhuphuka okungenani amamitha amahlanu. Lapho umlimi wezindaba ubhala, iningi lemfuyo kanye nezinqolobane zokusanhlamvu zafa ngalolo suku, abathengisi balahlekelwa izimpahla zabo ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla. Futhi abantu ekufeni okubandayo nokulambile basindiswa kuphela ngabakebhe, abahlanganisa imeya futhi bayala ukuba balethe inhlekelele yokudla nezingubo.
Embhalweni wesandla ongaziwa weBristol, azikho kuphela izikhukhula. Ubusika obulandelayo baka-1607-1608 kwasungulwa isithwathwa esinamandla amakhulu. Yonke imifula eqandisiwe, futhi ukuthunyelwa kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele. Lapho iqhwa lizama, izingcezwana zakhe zalimaza imikhumbi eminingi emamanzini nasekuchibini. Ubusika obunzima kangako kanye nezikhukhula zezindawo zokugcina izimpahla zakudala baphenduka ukuntuleka kwedolobha ehlobo. Ukuhamba embhalweni wesandla kusho ukuthi leli dolobha likwazile ukubalekela indlala enkulu, kuphela ngokuthenga ama-corn phesheya. Futhi ubusika buka-1610-1611 baletha izivunguvungu eziqinile, ezaholela emhlanganweni omkhulu wemikhumbi. Kanye nama-cataclysms afanayo embhalweni wesandla - izingcezu eziningana ngonyaka.
Ngokusekelwe kulo lonke ubufakazi obunjalo, izazi-mlando kanye nodokotela bezindiza zingathola iziphetho ngokuthi isimo sezulu sezwe sesishintshile esikhathini esedlule. Futhi lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ucacise amamodeli we-prognostic abantu abangawahlulela ngayo izitayela zezulu ezizayo. Kepha ososayensi abasekelwe hhayi kuphela kumarekhodi okunemba okuhlukahlukene. Kusizwa ngocwaningo lwamadiphozithi eqhwa, izindlela zokucwaninga zeRadioisotope kanye nezindandatho zonyaka zezihlahla.
Umthombo: Isayensi Enqunu