Lapho konke kuhamba kahle
Ukukhiqizwa kwamanyolo wamaminerali kungenye yezingxenye ezimbalwa zemboni yasekhaya, ekhula eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izidingo zabakhiqizi bezolimo zikhula. Futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuguqulwa komhlaba jikelele: Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto zokwakha zaseRussia Hydrocarbon ezingaphandle kwezwe kuyancishiswa. Ngokusho kukaValentina Kolodian, umqondisi wezentengiselwano we-Carwamide kanye ne-Design Institute of Carbamide, kwikota yokuqala ka-2020, ukulethwa kwe-Gazprom eMakethe yaseYurophu kwehle nge-24.2%, iTurkey ngoMashi engeniswa ngaphansi kwegesi yaseRussia kunase-2019, futhi Igesi yokuthengisa yaseRussia eya eJalimane yehle ngo-45% ngasikhathi sinye. Omunye uchwepheshe, u-Irina Kuchgina wase-AurseMedia, futhi ubopha ukukhula kwemishini yomanyolo yaseRussia eminyakeni edlule enalesi simo emakethe yezolimo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlwanyelwa kwezindawo lapho kusetshenziswa khona umanyolo wamaminerali, sebekhulile eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule ukusuka ku-27 kuya ku-61%.
Imininingwane yenhlangano yaseRussia yabenzi bomanyolo (Rapu) nayo ifakazela ukuhlanganiswa okuhle. Ngokusho kwenhlangano, abakhiqizi baseRussia bamanyolo wamaminerali ngo-2020 bandisa ukulethwa kwemikhiqizo emakethe yasekhaya ngo-20.4% amathani ayizigidi eziyi-11.5 (ngesisindo somzimba). Umnyango wezolimo waseRussia ubuye waphawula nokuthi amabhizinisi eRafipi aqinisekiswa ngokuphelele hhayi kuphela umanyolo, kodwa futhi nenani elilungisiwe lokutholwa komanyolo wamaminerali. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwesidingo kumanyolo wamaminerali kusuka kumathani angama-3.8 kuye kwayi-4,5 ezigidini Abakhiqizi akwazanga ukukhathazeka. Lesi sidingo sizokweneliswa ngokugcwele, okuphawuliwe maxim kuznetsov, uMqondisi Omkhulu weRamp, ebhekise kwikhambi eliphumelelayo lezimo ezifanayo esikhathini esedlule.
Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi bezolimo abavela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaseRussia ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi babike izinkinga ngokuthengwa komanyolo.
Ukulungiswa, ukuhaha noma ukungahambisani?
Mayelana nezinkinga zokuthengwa komanyolo kulo nyaka kwabika ama-agrarians we-Krasnoyarsk Territory, Chelyabinsk, Amur kanye nezinye izindawo. Lapho izikhalazo ezinjalo zigcwele kakhulu, kwaqoqwa umhlangano okhethekile kulo mhlangano kusuka ephintweni lokuqala leNhloko yoMnyango Wezolimo waseJambulat Khatov.Abakhiqizi bomanyolo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwengxoxo ebonile ukuthi inkinga ayibalulekile kangako futhi izoxazululwa ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baziswe ngokukhula kwezidingo zabo ngolunye usuku nje. Umbono onjalo wazwakala: Imibuzo yavuka kuphela kulabo abakhiqizi bezolimo abangazange bathengele ukuthengwa kusengaphambili, ngokwesibonelo, azange baqede izinkontileka ekwindla.
Abakhiqizi bezolimo baphendula ngokunengqondo baphawule ngokufanelekile ukuthi akubanga kangako ngokwezinkontileka nezinto zokuhlinzeka ngamanani. Amanani okuphela kuka-2020 noFebhuwari 2021 ngoFebhuwari ahlukile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zomanyolo ngo-20%. Njengoba inoveli yeNekrasov, umqondisi wesitshalo sokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, ukufakwa kwamakhemishini, ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuvikelwa kwezitshalo ekukhulumeni kwakhe engqungqutheleni ye-inthanethi "isivuno ekuqaleni kokuhlwanyelwa kwe-ammonium - uRoma wazungeza u-7 % NgoFebhuwari maqondana noJanuwari 2021. Futhi abakhiqizi abaningi bezolimo bakhomba ngokuqondile ukuthi abakhiqizi bomanyolo bamane nje abafuni ukuthengisa umanyolo ngentengo ephansi, kubalwa ekukhuleni okwengeziwe.
Empeleni, abakhiqizi bomanyolo bakuqinisekisile ngokungaqondile lokhu kucatshangelwa, besho okuthile okulungiselelwe kwemakethe ngemuva kokuncishiswa kwentengo esikhathini sika-2019-2020 kanye "nokukhula kokulula" kanye "nokukhula kokulula". Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi bezolimo bebengavumelani nencazelo enjalo. Futhi balandela isikhalazo kwinsizakalo ye-Federal Antimonopoly (FAS) ngesicelo sokuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bokunyuka kwamanani kumanyolo wamaminerali. I-FAS yaqala ukubheka amaqiniso amanani entengo aqandayo kumanyolo wamaminerali, imiphumela futhi izenzo ezalandela zenkonzo zizokwaziwa eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMashi.
Ube nesinqumo
Ingxenye yochwepheshe bemakethe yezolimo bakholelwa ukuthi isimo esinamanyolo wamaminerali akufanele sinikezwe nenjongo enkulu kangaka. Okokuqala, ngoba ukusilela okutholakele akubalulekile kangako. Ezifundeni, kufinyelela ku-5%. Futhi le ncwadi elahlekile lapho isivumelwano sifinyelelwa ngamanani, singaphinde sigcwaliswe ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango Wezimboni kanye noKhomishani sekuvele kwabikwa: Amavolumu ashiwoyo wenziwa ngoJanuwari-February 2021 ngenani lamathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1 ezintweni ezisebenzayo.
Abakhiqizi bezolimo, baphakamisa ukuthi le nkinga idinga izixazululo ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye: ngokushesha (ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi wensimu yasentwasahlobo) nokuyisisekelo esiyisisekelo (ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka ukulawulwa kwentengo kamanyolo wamaminerali ezweni). Kunoma ikuphi, ukuxoxa. Mhlawumbe isici esiyinhloko esizocindezela ukuyekethisa okusheshayo kuzoba khona emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuncintisana emakethe yomhlaba wonke kukhula, ukufunwa kwehliswa kancane kancane, futhi ngaphandle kwezindlela ezingezekile zokusekela kubakhiqizi baseRussia kuzoba nzima ukugcina isabelo sabo samanje. Imakethe yasekhaya, kunalokho, igcwele, ngokusho kwezibikezelo ezinethemba, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu kuphela. Kuzinkomba eziphelele, ngokwezilinganiso zoMnyango Wezolimo, ivolumu yokwenza umanyolo wamaminerali ngabo bonke abakhiqizi bezolimo, kubandakanya osomabhizinisi abathile, ifinyelele kuma-48 kg. Futhi okuvamile okunconywe uMnyango Wezolimo ngu-70 kg womanyolo ngehektha ngalinye. Ungabikezela ukunwetshwa kwenani lokuthengisa ngokuphepha eminyakeni ezayo. Ngokokubikezela kwenkonzo yezolimo, ngo-2024 isidingo sabakhiqizi bezolimo basekhaya kumanyolo wamaminerali bazokhulisa amathani ayizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili, okungukuthi, izikhathi eziyi-2.16.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi kukhuphule ubudlelwano nalabo abazoba ngumlingani wakho iminyaka ezayo.
Nokubhekwa okukodwa. Izimo zezinkinga ezivela emakethe yezolimo zaseRussia zibonisa ngokusobala ukuvela kokuthakazelisa izintshisekelo zabadlali ngazinye. Ukulinganisa kwezintshisakalo eziningi ze-multidirectional kuvame ukwenzeka ezingeni likahulumeni. Ngabe bazoxazululwa ngalesi sikhathi, sizobona kungekudala.
Larisa Yuzhaninova
Lapho kulungiswa le ndatshana esebenzisa idatha yoMnyango Wezolimo Wezolimo, Rapu, Argusmedia