Kuphrojekthi entsha kwi-TV Channel TNV, ingxoxo nososayensi abasezingeni eliphakeme kanye nochwepheshe bazoshicilelwa phakathi nezinsuku.
Umuntu ozongenela ngokomzimba nangokwesibalo, uProfessose uSolwazi Marat Vazichovich Marat Vazichovich waba iqhawe le-fortieth yephrojekthi ekhethekile.
Engxoxweni nombhali, i-TNV, uLotiLlin wakhuluma ngentambo nokuphiwa kwabantu olwazini lwezilimi eziningana, ngemfundo yezwe lonke ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kanye nakwochwepheshe bezilimi zaseTatar.
"Kukhona imfundo ngolimi lwesiTatar, kodwa ngesiRussia - azifani kokuqukethwe"
- Wema emgaqweni wezemfundo kazwelonke kuma-90s. Yikuphi intuthuko nempumelelo oyibona namuhla?
- Yebo, bengingomunye wabantu ababandakanyeka emfundweni kazwelonke. Lapho-ke kwasebenza iqembu elikhulu lothisha, lo msebenzi ohlanganyelwe futhi umuntu oyedwa ngeke akwazi ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo. Iqiniso ngukuthi sisebenzisa umusho wolimi lwendabuko, lusetshenziswa ekubalweni kwabantu, futhi abantu balisebenzisa, kepha linencazelo ehlukile yokuqonda emhlabeni naseRussia. Isibonelo, eRussia ekuchazeni iTishkov, lolu lulimi umuntu ongumnikazi. Umhlaba uthathwa njengolimi lwendabuko - ulimi lwabantu babo.
- Ingabe unawo umehluko?
- Umehluko omkhulu! Umuntu kungenzeka angabi nolimi lwendabuko futhi lokhu kuwuphawu lokutholwa. Isibonelo, ngokusho kokubalwa kwabantu kuka-2010, ama-tatars 5 million awo 1 million awakhulumi ulimi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Tatar ngonyaka ka-2010 ingu-25% ukutholwa. Ngicabanga, ngenxa yokubalwa kwabantu kulo nyaka, le nkomba izokwanda. Ngakho-ke, ulimi lwendabuko lulimi lwabantu bakho. OkwamaTatar, ulimi lwendabuko lwaseRussia alunjalo, noma ngabe alunawo tatar.
- I.E. Ubunikazi nolimi luxhunyiwe?
- Ixhumeke kakhulu! Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, hhayi ubungcweti bolimi busazoholela eqinisweni lokuthi umuntu uzolahlekelwa yisiko labantu bakhe.
- Ngemuva kokuthi zingaki izizukulwane?
- Mayelana nezizukulwane ezi-2. Ngingathanda ukugxila endabeni yemfundo yezwe lonke, esho ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwemfundo engathathi hlangothi. Kepha, noma yimuphi imfundo yizwe lonke. Ngakho-ke, ithemu imfundo kazwelonke iyisiphetho, esisetshenziswa kuphela ezweni lethu. Kukhona imfundo ngolimi lwesiTatar, kodwa ngesiRussia - azifani kokuqukethwe! Amanani afanayo wendawo yonke nolwazi.
- Iqhaza le-National Education and Limity Preciality nayo lihlobene nemiqondo?
- Yebo, kunjalo, ngqo! Ngoba ulimi alufaki ifa. Umuntu ngamunye uzalelwa ngaphandle kolimi.
- Kepha sithi kusenezinto zemvelo, umndeni noma isikole kuphela?
- Isikole - Isici Esikhona! Umndeni kuphela lapho umuntu elele. Yize kunjalo, yonke impilo yenzeka enkulisa, emsebenzini, esikoleni.
- Kepha abantu abaningi bathi ulimi lwesiTatar ludinga ukugcinwa emndenini ...
"Ukube bekunjalo, khona-ke amaTatar amaKazan awazange aqhekeze izingane zawo." Yize kunjalo, lapho befika edolobhaneni lolimi lwabo lwendabuko kwakunguTatar, bakhulumisana khona, kodwa izingane zabo zase zikhulumile ngesiRussia.
"AmaTatar angena eRussia namazwe awo, awazange awele enyangeni!"
- Uyifinyelele kanjani imfundo ngolimi lwendabuko yakho (Tatar) kuma-90s? Yini esiyitholile manje?
- Ama-90s yiminyaka yeRenaissance, ukululama. Uma ubheka le ndaba, khona-ke amaTatar abelokhu enohlelo oluhle kakhulu lwezemfundo. Ngaphambi kokujoyina iRussia nangemva kokujoyina iRussia, lolu hlelo lugcinwe. Kuyiqiniso, kwenye iminyaka engama-200 bekukhona ngaphansi komhlaba, kepha kusukela ngo-1700 bekuvele kuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuvula ama-mosque kanye nawo wonke ama-madrasa nawo wonke amaTatar athola imfundo.
Ngo-1870, uhlelo lokwakha ukwakheka kwabezinye izizwe lwamukelwa eRussia, kwamukelwa uTolstoy. Inesigaba esihlukile, esikhulu samaTatar. Futhi ngemuva kwenguquko, ukudalwa esigabeni semfundo yombuso ngolimi lwesiTatar. I-Great Okthoba Revolution bekuyinkululeko kuzwelonke emqondweni wazo. Abanye abantu badedelwa, ngokwesibonelo, amaFinns, i-Pole yadala isimo esihlukile. AmaTatar ngesiphetho somlando ahlala njengengxenye yeRussia, kodwa kubo yonke imibandela yokuthuthuka kwemfundo.
- Kwenziwe isikhathi eside?
- Kuze kube ngu-1934. Ngaphambi kwalapho, amaTatar awanayo imfundo yomphakathi, yayikhona ngokulahlekelwa kwabantu. Imfundo yayiseRussia kuphela futhi mahhala, futhi ama-tatar aqeqeshwa ngenxa yezindleko zawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eMadrasa, kwakwenqatshelwe ukutadisha izibalo, chemistry, biology. UMadrasa "Izh-Bubi" udume ngeqiniso lokuthi lapho waqala ukufundisa izinto ngolimi lwesiTatar futhi ngenxa yalokhu zafakwa ejele iminyaka eyi-10.
Ngo-1920, iRiphabhulikhi yaseTatarstan yadalwa, kepha vele ngonyaka we-18, owokuqala wesimemezelo kwakuwukuqalwa kwamahhala, okuphoqelekile, imfundo yamabanga aphansi ngolimi lwesiTatar. Kwakukhona irekhodi lazo zonke izingane ze-School Age, kuwo wonke amazinga, kuze kube eyunivesithi. Ngibuke imilando eMoscow, imininingwane igcinwe lapho esikoleni ngasinye kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia.
- Kwenzeka kanjani konke?
- Othisha babephrintiwe, abafundisi abalungiselelwe e-Omsk, Tomsk, Ufa, Orenburg. Wasebenza ama-pedechils, abafundi bokuqala. Endlini yokushicilela "Ukukhanyiselwa" izincwadi ezishicilelwe, igatsha kuphela elisebenza eKazan. Lezi zincwadi zinwetshwa kulo lonke elaseRussia. EMnyango Wezemfundo kwakuwuMnyango Wezemfundo Kazwelonke, wonke owalawulwa. Awekho ama-Diaspora Tatars eRussia, ngoba iRussia iyindawo yokuzalwa kwamaTatar. AmaTatar ahlala e-USA - Diaspora. AmaTatar angena eRussia namazwe awo, awazange awe enyangeni!
Ngo-1934, wavunyelwa ukukhethwa kwamahhala kokufunda ulimi esikuqhosha khona. Kepha lokhu akunqubeki kuzo zonke izisekelo zesayensi yezindawo ezihamba ngezinyawo, ngoba bonke abafundisi abakhulu bakaKamensky, i-Disterweg, u-Ushinsky bathi imfundo kufanele ibe ngolimi lwazo lwendabuko. I-Diverweg ithe: "Othisha kufanele bangabikho nolimi kuphela lokufundisa, kumele babe ngabamele abamele laba, abathwali besiko."
Kamuva, izikole ezinoTatar zaqala ukuvala, ukuqeqeshwa kothisha kwamiswa. Kepha i-Natisk ekhethekile yaqala ngo-1937, isivele yaqala ukuhlolwa okuphoqelekile ngolimi lwaseRussia, futhi olimini lwabo lwendabuko kwakhanseliwe, ukubhala kwadluliselwa ku-Cyrillic. Ngesikhathi sempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe lonke, wonke amanyuvesi ezihamba ngezinye izifunda avale ukuntuleka kwemali namaphephandaba nawo. Futhi ngokwemvelo, izikole ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa zivaliwe.
ETatarstan, iminyaka engu-4 yothisha eTatar, abakulungile.
- Ngabe usho ukuthi ubani?
- Izibalo, osokhemisi, izazi zebhayoloji.
- I.E. Ingabe laba labo okufanele bafundise ngolimi?
- Yebo! Ngoba ngibizwa ngale nwele, nokwenza umkhiqizo - udinga inkosi. ETatarstan kwakukhona enye inqubomgomo, ukujula okuthe xaxa - ulimi lwesiTatar kwathiwa lungokwethu, futhi uhlelo lokwethulwa kolimi lwesiTatar luye lwamukelwa. Manje sinolimi lwesiTatar alusetshenziswa empilweni. Kepha ngolimi lwesiTatar, ungasebenzisa imfundo ephakeme, ukukhiqizwa. Ulimi lwesiTatar lufakiwe kwinani lezilimi zaseYurophu ngosizo lweFinns. Isibonelo, ngenza isethulo kwesinye sezingqungquthela eMoscow mayelana nesipiliyoni sezikole ngolimi lwesiTatar lokuqeqeshwa, ngathi zonke izifundo zifundiswa eTatar. Ukusuka ehholo wabuza lo mbuzo: "Kanjani? Ingabe ufundisa izibalo ngolimi lwesiTatar? Futhi uthatha kuphi amagama? ", Futhi ngithi lapho ukhona, ingabe kuyimibalo, i-sinus ne-cosine amagama aseRussia angabonakali ?! Vele akunjalo! Ngikwazile ukubabaza.
- Kungani-ke abazali besaba ukunika izingane zabo ezinkundleni zezwe?
- Ngoba kune-Propaganda! AmaTatar awabazi ososayensi abo. AmaTatar ahlotshaniswa nobani? Nabadansi, abahlabeleli, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu yizintatheli nakubabhali. Futhi sinososayensi obuningi abadumile hhayi eTatarstan kuphela, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke! Isibonelo, uRashid Syonayev, ukhathazeke kakhulu ukuthi alukho ulimi lwesiTatar e-Kazan University, futhi aphuphe ngalo, ekhuluma ngakho kulo lonke iCongress.
- Kepha sinesikhungo saseTatar, sokuhumusha ...
- Unephutha, ngolimi lwesiTatar. Ku-mehmetate, fizmate, akukho biofaaq, kepha kukhona ochwepheshe kulezi zindawo!
- Lokhu mhlawumbe yisizukulwane sokugcina?
- Hhayi! Eminyakeni yama-90s, ngeze ayihlali, sakhipha abaningi abafundi abanolimi lwesiTatar.
- Mhlawumbe kufanelekile ukwakha iNyuvesi Kazwelonke?
- Inyuvesi isho ukuba yi-polylingval, kufaka phakathi iTatar. Ukuntuleka kwawo wonke amanyuvesi ethu aseRussia - asikho isiNgisi esiqinile. Isibonelo, ngifunde isiNgisi esikoleni sokuphothula iziqu, ngoba usosayensi kufanele abe phambili kwisayensi kufanele abe nesiNgisi. Isayensi i-Universal! Sihlala eRussia futhi kufanele sazi isiRussia, kodwa futhi sazi ulimi lwendabuko, alulimazi, kepha luzocebisa wonke umuntu. Manje emhlabeni, ukuthambekela kokusetshenziswa kwezilimi eziningi nezinkampani kukhuthaza ubunikazi babantu ababusa ngezilimi ezincane. Lo mphakathi uhlukanisa, ama-ennobles futhi anwebise ulwazi.
- I-Polylingval Education Ingabe Umhlaba Wonke Wokusebenza?
- Yebo! Futhi ulimi lwendabuko luyikhono eliyinhloko lemfundo. Lezo. Umuntu ongakhulumi ulimi lwakhe lwendabuko aluthathwa njengomuntu ofundile.
U-Arthur Islamov: "Uma uthatha umculo wanamuhla weTatar, uzizwa sengathi unamathele kancane kuma-90s" - ividiyo
I-Tabris Yarullin: "I-Litional Library iyindawo hhayi ikhofi nesithombe ku-Instagram, iyindawo yezincazelo" - Ividiyo
URimma Bikmukhametova: "Esikhundleni sokukhiqiza izincwadi zenkomba kaTatar nezincwadi ezinamafutha, kungcono ukususa i-movie emangalisayo" - Ividiyo
U-Ilgiz Shakhrasiev: "Izingane zidinga ukuchaza ukuthi lolu limi lwakho lwendabuko lweTatar, lalela okusanhlamvu, futhi kuzokhula" - ividiyo