Ngokwezinguqulo ezahlukahlukene, uColumbus wayengeyena owokuqala hhayi owesibili owaya ekukhanyiseni okusha. Phambi kwakhe, inqwaba yama-navigators aqhamuka emazweni ahlukene kanye nodochs angakwenza. Futhi lokhu akubali ukubala iViking, okuthi, ngokwemibono ejwayelekile hhayi njalo ethembekile, cishe enyangeni yawa.
Kepha eMelika, amaViking ayesekhona. Akunjalo kudala kangako, ngo-1960, kwaxazululwa kwawo owesilisa onesibindi nama-axes atholakala eCanada. Lesi sikhungo sisuselwa cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu, cishe eminyakeni engama-500 ngaphambi kokufika kukaChristopher Columbus. Ngemvelaphi, lawo maViking asondele kakhulu kumaNorway.
Eminyakeni engama-3000 eyedlule, izizwe zamaPolynesia zintanta olwandle emasandleni ezaziwayo njengama-catararans. Kuhunyushwe igama elithi "catamaran", eqinisweni, futhi kusho "iBrica elihlobene". Uma ubambezela imephu yokuzulazula kwabo, insimu iphakeme kuneRussia emingcele yanamuhla.
Abekho ubufakazi obunembile bokuba khona kwamaPolynesia eNyakatho noma ENingizimu Melika, kepha kukhona amaqiniso athakazelisayo.
- Ezofuywayo zamaPolynesia kukhona iDNA yamaNdiya aseNingizimu Melika.
- Amazambane amnandi asePolynesia ayazi futhi akhulisa iminyaka engamakhulu ngaphambi kukaColumbus. Bakuthola kuphi?
- Ngo-2007, amathambo enkukhu aqala ngo-1321-1407 atholakala endaweni yaseChile. Izinkukhu ezifanayo zingathwala amaPolynesia ezintanjeni zawo ngesikhathi sohambo olude.
E-Ecuador ngeminyaka engama-60 edlule, abavubukuli bathole indawo yokuhlala iminyaka engama-5000. Wabizwa ngokuthi uValdivia.
Kwabangelwa inzalo enkulu yizitsha zobumba, okwakuphakathi kokumbiwa kwathola okuningi. Kwavela ukuthi le yi-cemera cemom - izitsha ezivela eJapan. Leli yi-ceramics yakudala yaseJapan. Yakhiqizwa iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyi-13 kuye kwayi-300 kuze kube sesikhathi sethu. Kepha izitsha ezinje zingafika kanjani e-Ecuador?
Ososayensi baphakamise ukuthi imikhumbi embalwa yokudoba yathatha inkambo yaseKurosio olwandle, noma ukugeleza kwaseJapan. Kukwenza manje. Ngenxa yalokho, imikhumbi yadonswa izinyanga ezimbalwa.
- Ngokwengxenye, le nguqulo iqinisekiswe ngamacala amabili abhalwe phansi: Ngo-1815, udoti ovela emgqonyeni waseJapan wenziwa ogwini lwaseCalifornia, kwathi ngo-1843, isikimu sokudoba nabadobi ababili baseJapan balethwa ogwini lwaseMexico. Bakhathele kakhulu, kepha basinda.
Maye, kepha vele ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi ngemuva kokuvulwa kweValdivia, kwavela ukuthi ubumba e-Ceraador kwakungenjalo kangako nesiJapan. I-ArchaeOlogist Betty Megger, ebeka phambili inguqulo yokuvulwa kweJapan eMelika, yagxekwa kakhulu nguzakwethu ngesitatimende esinesibindi.
Inganekwane kakhulu kudingeka ukuthi icubungule uhlobo lokuvulwa kweMelika nge-Ireland. UMarithelier Ongcwele Ongcwele wakuthanda ukusakaza ubuKristu. Futhi, ngokusho kwenganekwane, waqoqa iqembu wahamba wayobhukuda eKarrah, isikebhe sendabuko sase-Ireland esinohlaka sokhuni, isikhumba esimboziwe esimboziwe.
Engikubona kuphela i-Ireland ngesikhathi sohambo! Sivakashele uRayi, njengoba uBrendan ebiza umhlaba kude kakhulu entshonalanga. Wabona isihogo, lapho "amademoni alahla amatshe omlilo avela esiqhingini ngemifula yegolide." Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kungaba yi-Iceland ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi uBrendan ubeseMelika, akuqondakali. Enye into ukuthi ngo-1976 isazi-mlando uThim Severin (uTim Severin) sathatha izindebe zangempela ze-Ireland futhi sinikeza ukukhanya okusha ngaleyo nto ebizwa ngokuthi "umkhondo weViking".
Phakathi kokunye okuvulwa kwamathuba aseMelika kukhona amaVetiani uNikolo no-Antonio Xeno. Kukholakala ukuthi bafika ekugcineni kwekhulu le-XIV endaweni yaseCanada kanye ne-Country Orcanese. Manje kukhona nesikhumbuzo ekuhlonipheni lokhu, kodwa izazi-mlando ezingathi sína zingabaza ukunemba komcimbi. AbaseVenetia bangabasunguli abakhulu, namarekhodi kaNikolo no-Antonio ngokuzumayo "bavunyelwa" kuphela ngo-1558, iminyaka engama-66 ngemuva kokuvulwa kwe-America Columbus.
E-China, kunemephu ka-1763, ebhekwa njengekhophi evela kwa-1418. Imephu ikhombisa ukuchaza okuningiliziwe kweNyakatho neNingizimu Melika. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15, umbuso ophakathi nendawo wawunomkhumbi onamandla, kepha ngemuva kokuthi wonke amakhadi agcina ebonwa ngamanga.
AbakwaMelika Abafuywayo phakathi kwama-Europeanngaba ama-barks. Ngo-1530, eminyakeni engama-38 nje kuphela uColumbus, laba bantu sebevele babamba i-COD emfuleni iSt. Lawrence - umlolonkulu wamanzi oxhumanisa amachibi amakhulu ngoLwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic. Umfula ugelezela endaweni yase-United States naseCanada.
Ngaphezu kwe-COD, ama-basks azingelwa futhi inyamazane ibaluleke kakhulu - ukudoba okuvumayo eRiphabhulikhi yaseNewfoundland. Kwakukulesi siqhingi esitholakale indawo yokuhlala iViking. Ngakho-ke ama-basks angabhukuda lapho. Kodwa-ke, asaziwa, babekhona ngaphambi kweColumbus noma baba khona cishe ngasikhathi sinye.
Izinguqulo eziphathelene noxhumana nabo ne-America to Columbus ziseningi, kepha kuphela ukuzulazula kwe-Wiking kubhekwa ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi i-ERIC Red. I-polynesian hypothesis yamukelwa njengethembekile. Ezinye izinguqulo zonke kufanele zibhekwe njengezinto ezisungulwayo kanye nezinganekwane.
Umbhali - u-Oleg Ivanov
Umthombo - Springzhizni.ru.