NgoMashi 18, inhloko yehhovisi lomshushisi elingcwele laseBelarus u-Andrei lasho ukuthi umnyango wakhe uhlela ukuqala icala lobugebengu eqinisweni lokuqothulwa kwabantu baseBelarusian phakathi neMpi YeseBeliotic ngesikhathi seMpi yaseBlariotic. Sichaza ukuthi yikuphi ukuqokelwa kokhetho kwabantu baseBelarusi abafela phakathi nempi nokuthi lolu hlelo luchaza, tut.by.
Umshushisi wakushiwo ini?
- Ihhovisi likaMshushisi liqale izinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlule umsebenzi okuhloswe ngalo ukuxazulula inkinga yokuqalisa icala lobugebengu eqinisweni lokuqothulwa kwabantu baseBelarusian phakathi neMpi Yezizwe ezinkulu. Namuhla, kusho inhloko yombuso. Lo msebenzi uyaqhubeka ngokuhlangana nezinye izindikimba zombuso, i-Academy of Science, ngezingobo zomlando. Futhi sikhuluma ngalokho kungekudala kombuzo onjalo kuzobhekwa, - kusho iSwede.Ubuye wathi ihhovisi lomshushisi elisebenzisana kanye nePhalamende lalungiselela umthethosivivinywa okuhloswe ngalo ukubhekana nobuqhawe beNazi.
Kuyini ukubulawa kwabantu?
Uma uphendula ulula ngangokunokwenzeka, khona-ke ukubulawa kohlanga kungukubhujiswa kwabantu besizwe esithile, ethnos, ubuhlanga noma inkolo.
I-Criminal Code of Belarus (Article 127) ifakazela ukubulawa kwabantu 'njengezenzo ezenziwe ngenhloso yokubhujiswa okuhlelekile kweqembu eliphelele noma ngokwengxenye noma yiliphi iqembu lobuhlanga, ubuzwe, noma iqembu elinqunywe ngesisekelo sokubulala noma iyiphi enye indlela yokuphikisana ngokubulala Amalungu eqembu elinjalo noma abangele ukuthi balimale kabi emzimbeni, noma ukudala ngenhloso ukucekelwa phansi kokubhujiswa ngokomzimba noma okuyingxenye kweqembu eligcwele noma elinobudlova eliqhamuka kwelinye izwe, noma ukwamukela izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuzala izingane emvelweni yeqembu elinjalo. "
Ujeziswa ngokuboshwa isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyishumi kuya kwayishumi nanhlanu, noma ukuboshwa kwempilo, noma isigwebo sentambo.
Kwikhodi yobugebengu yaseBelarusian, ukuqubuka kohlanga akunamkhawulo.
Siyengeza ukuthi leli gama selibonakele ngenxa yomdabu waseBelarus. URafael Lemkin, owazalelwa ensimini yesifunda sanamuhla saseZelwinsky esifundeni saseGrodno, wethula umqondo wokuthi "ukubulawa kohlanga" kuya kwesokudla kwamanye amazwe. Uzakwabo uGersh LaLutterpacht wethula igama elithi "ubugebengu ngokumelene nesintu." Lokhu kwenzeke ngo-1945 mayelana neNuremberg Tribunal.
Bangaki abaseBelarusi abafela phakathi nempi?
Inani eliqondile lokulahleka kwesibalo sabantu baseBelarusian alikaziwa. Empeleni, noma iyiphi idijithi eveziwe ibonwa ngabaphikisi njengoba kwenziwa ngokwepolitiki. Indoda ebalwa ingamasolwa noma ibaluleke kakhulu ebusweni bomthetho kaHitler, noma, kunalokho, esifisweni sokuqaqa ngokweqile kwezinombolo zalokho okwakukhona. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlakazwa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe esizeni "Archives of Belarus", uma abantu abayizigidi eziyi-9,2 bahlala emingceleni yayo yamanje eBelarus, khona-ke ngasekupheleni kuka-1944 - abantu abayizigidi eziyi-6.3.
- Ngokusho kwe-FEK (Ikhomishini Yezimo Eziphuthumayo. - I-approx. I-Tut.by) ukuphenya ubuntu babahlaseli baseJalimane - abangu-2,219,136 abantu bezakhamuzi kanye neziboshwa zempi babulawa. Kodwa-ke, kamuva kwavela ukuthi imininingwane ngokulahleka kwabantu kwezindawo eziningi yayingaqokwayo kakhulu futhi leyo datha kwezinye iziboshwa zamakamu empi ayilungile. Imisipha yabahlali beRed Army abavela kubahlali baseBelarusian abafakiwe kulesi sibalo. Futhi kuthathwe eJalimane, izakhamuzi nazo zangeniswa eJalimane. Njengamanje, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kucatshangelwa ukulahleka okungaqondile eminyakeni edlule empini enkulu yokuthanda izwe yafa kusuka kubantu abangu-2,5 kuye kwabayi-3 ne-3 eBelarus, i.e. Hhayi ngaphansi kwayo yonke ingxenye yesithathu.
Ngenxa yokucabanga, futhi sinikeza imininingwane yezazi-mlando zakwamanye amazwe, ezibizwa ngokuthi izinombolo ezincane kunozakwabo baseBelarusian (idatha incane amaJalimane, i-G_Tarigrafіy Gіstores, enye iSusevothy Voine ". Umbhali wayo Novikov - Omunye wabachwepheshe abagunyaziwe kakhulu kule nkinga).
Ngakho-ke, isazi-mlando uB. Kyari sibiza isibalo esingu-1,6 izigidi, uH. Gerls - 1.6-17 million ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, iBengard yabhala cishe abaseBelarusi abangama-2.2. Umcwaningi wasePoland uM. Ivanov ubhala cishe abahlali abashonile abangu-3,4 (abayizigidi eziyi-1,4 abakhipha amaJuda, okungenani izinkulungwane ezingama-350 abasuswa, amabutho uCraisans, ama-650 amaJuda , njll.). Okungukuthi, njalo kwesithathu.
Vumelana: noma yini lezi zibalo, ziyesabeka.
Ngokusho kwesiza "izindalo zeBelarus", ukulimala okuqondile kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwabalwa ama-ruble angama-75 ama-ruble (ngamanani ka-1941), okwakungama-35 isabelomali sangaphambi kwempi yeRiphabhulikhi. Umnotho waseBelarusian walahlwa ngo-1913.
Uyihlathi laseBachli,
I-DZE ngokulima izipanji?
Isikwele, uyi-bachli bor
U-Dze Seeloi Okunye uNyama Sasna
CI Medi - Charter?
Ukuthi kwakukhona izizwe mim.
UShaker Vaienna Navala
Kuthunyelwe yi-Bumprytasna PA іm,
І - pulglah, Pragala.
I-Anatoly Virvyskі, "rackvі" pa Skin Charter "
Impi enkulu yokuthanda izwe (futhi ngokuvamile izwe lesibili) yaphela ngaphandle kwehaba inhlekelele embi kakhulu emlandweni weBelarus.
Ukubhujiswa KwabaseBelarus kungukuqothulwa kohlanga?
Yebo. Akuwona wonke impi yokuqothulwa kohlanga. Kepha izenzo zamaNazi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ziwe ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba.Ngaphansi konogada wamaNazi, amaNazi aphethe imisebenzi emikhulu yokujezisa, lapho amaqhinga okuqothulwa kohlanga kanye ne "Izwe Elishisiwe" elibonakalisiwe. Imvamisa bathola amagama othando - njenge- "Winter Magic", eyabanjwa ngoFebhuwari - Ephreli 1943. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokusho kwemininingwane yaseJalimane, kwabulawa izakhamuzi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3,9. Ngokwezilinganiso zezazi-mlando zesimanje zaseRussia, cishe izinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu zacekela phansi izakhamuzi.
Ngesikhathi semisebenzi enjalo, izindawo eziningi zacekelwa phansi. Kunezibalo ezahlukahlukene ezincwadini. Sethula imininingwane ku- "Gіstores wase Belarus", ebhalwe ngabasebenzi be-Institute of History of the National Academy of Science of Belarus. Njengomcwaningi, u-Alexey Litvin, amanothi, ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokujezisa amadolobhana angu-5454 ashisiwe. Isiphetho sikaKhathett, lapho izakhamizi zacekelwa phansi khona, amadolobhana angama-629 ahlukaniswe. Abangu-185 babo abakaze bavuselelwe.
Amakamu okufa angaphezu kuka-260, amagatsha neminyango yawo asebenza eBelarus. Phakathi kwabo, ikamu lokufa esikhwameni, lapho kwacekelwa khona izinkulungwane ezingama-206,5. Mayelana nenani lalabo ababulewe, leli yikamu lesine ngemuva kwe-Auschwitz, eMajdanec kanye neToplinki. Ungakhumbula ikamu e-Ozarichi. Wayekhona izinsuku eziyishumi kuphela. Kepha ngalesi sikhathi bafa abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi.
Ngenembeza amaNazi, ukubulawa kwamaJuda kanye nokubhujiswa kwe-ghetto, ngokwesibonelo, iMinsk.
Iqiniso lokuqothulwa kohlanga alunakuphikwa.
Kungani kufanele uqale icala lobugebengu?
Uma amaqiniso okuqothulwa kohlanga ayaziwa futhi sekuyisikhathi eside afakazelwe, kungani kufanele aqale icala lobugebengu?
Naka izimo ezintathu.
Okokuqala, lo Mthethosivivinywa, okuhloswe ngawo ekulweni nobuqhawe beNazi, ungahlose ngokungaqondile ku-National Symplism - ifulege elimhlophe elimhlophe kanye nengubo yezingalo "yokuphishekela", eyayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusebenzisana komuntu ngamunye.
Ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba imlando u-Anton Rudak ubhala, "uNiyakіya aftqynyyaya dakash ab abhlazo amaJalimane 'ngumfuthona, ukufushane kukaDagatul." Yasetshenziswa ngokuhamba phambili. Ngokusho kukaRudak (le ndatshana yashicilelwa ephephandabeni lombuso "Isiko", kamuva yasuswa esizeni), amaphoyisa awakaze agqoke izigqoko ezimhlophe ezimhlophe ezimhlophe. Ngokusobala, basetshenziswa ababambiqhaza bezidumbu zokuzivikela kweBelarusian ezenzelwe ukulwa nengxenye. Kepha amaJalimane ayesaba ukuzihlamba futhi ekugcineni ahlakazwa. Futhi, amabhandeshi ayengamalungu e-Union of Belarusian ntsha. Amafulegi asetshenziswa emicimbini yomphakathi ngonyaka owedlule ngaphambi kokukhululwa kweBelarus.
Kwakuyifomu le-fluff kanye nabahlanganyeli - bafika nakwamanye amazwe. Uhulumeni waseVichi wasebenzisa ifulege likazwelonke laseFrance. I-Russian Liberation Army of General Vlasov isebenzisa ifulegi le-andreev, kanti ukwakheka kwalo okuhlukile kuyifulegi lesimanje elimhlophe - njll. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, amaFulentshi anamuhla, amaRussia kanye nabameleli bezinye izizwe akwenqabi ukubonwa kwabo kuzwelonke .
Okwesibili, ukuqashelwa kokuqothulwa kohlanga ngesikhathi sempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe lonke kuzoletha umthwalo walabo bantu abaphika amaqiniso akhe bazodala umbuso wamaNazi, njll. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isikweletu sobugebengu ezindabeni ezinjalo ngumkhuba wePan-European. Ikhona e-Austria, e-Belgium, eHungary, eJalimane, Israel, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Polland, ePorsiplical kanye namanye amazwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi emthethweni wamazwe amaningi ngokwehlukana umthwalo wemfanelo obhaliswe ngokuphikwa kokuQothulwa Kwesizwe.
Okwesithathu, sikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwesipiliyoni saseRussia. NgoMashi 18, u-Alexander Lukashenko washo omakhelwane bethu baseMpumalanga njengesibonelo sokushukuma kokushintsha umthetho. Kukhuluma ngani? Ngo-2020, eRussia, abaphathi abaphenyayo baqala ukufundela amacala okuqothulwa kwezakhamuzi zempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe lonke. Ezifundeni eziyisikhombisa zaseRussia, okungenani amacala ayi-10 okuqothulwa kohlanga ngokumelene nenani labantu base-USSR.
NgoNovemba nyakenye, ikomidi eliphenyayo liphakamisele icala lobugebengu esifundeni saseMilleria esifundeni saseRostov ngesikhathi seGerman-fascist. Phambilini icala, leli cala lobugebengu livulwe maqondana nokubulawa kwabantu abaningi kwabantu abaseKarelia ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Elikhulu.
Ngokwamanye amaqiniso, inkantolo isishilo izwi layo. Isibonelo, ngo-Okthoba nyakenye, iNkantolo yesiFunda saseSoletsky yabona ukubulawa kwabantu kwabantu ababulawa izakhamuzi ngamaNazi edolobhaneni lesifunda saseLeningrad ngo-1942 (kusukela ngo-1944 - isifunda seNovgorod).
Kepha kunesinye isimo. Isigaba 354.1 seKhodi Yezobugebengu yaseRussia ("Ukuvuselelwa KwamaNazism") sihlinzekela umthwalo wemfanelo wamaqiniso asungulwe yiNuremberg Tribunal, kanye nokuvunywa kwamacala okwenziwa amaNazi futhi "ukusatshalaliswa kwemininingwane yamanga nge Imisebenzi ye-USSR ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili ", kanye" nokusabalala kokuveza ukuveza izinhlonipho ngolwazi mayelana nezinsuku zenkazimulo yezempi nezinsuku zokukhumbula ezihlobene nokuvikela umbuso wezwe ". Futhi leli gama elinamagama lishiya amathuba okuhunyushwa kwalo kakhulu: kusukela ekugxekeni kwe-Stalin kuya kwinqubomgomo yeSoviet yonke - ngaphambi nangempi. Tut.by.