Utamatisi othandekayo uyatshalwa ezweni lonke - usuka eningizimu nasenyakatho yeLatitude. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu ebandayo, kunzima ukuthola isivuno esihle semifino emnandi. Kulokhu, inketho efanelekayo kunazo zonke ukuwukhulisa ku-greenhouse. Kepha kulokhu udinga ukwazi amanye ama-Agrotechnical nuances.
Utamatisi ku-greenhouse. (Isithombe esisetshenziswa yilayisense ejwayelekile © Ogorodnye-shrgalki.ru)
Utamatisi yisitshalo esisebenzayo esikhanyayo, ngakho-ke imibhede itholakala kusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, indawo yokufika kufanele yeqekezelwe ngokucophelela ku-bayonet shovel.Isiko lemifino lithanda inhlabathi efudumele evundile, igcwele amavithamini nezinto zokulandela umkhondo, kanye nokukhululeka futhi okunomswakama. Ukuqhuma kuyo, Peat, sawdust noma ukusika utshani, okufanele kube ngu-20-30% womhlaba wonke. Inhlabathi enhle kakhulu ngaphansi kwamatamatisi iyatholakala uma ixutshwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo: umswakama, peat, turf kanye nesihlabathi.
Izithombo ze-utamatisi zitholakala kalula endaweni ebamba ukushisa ngemigqa emide ebangabeni okungenani ezingama-70 cm isilinganiso.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, inhlabathi kufanele ibulawe amagciwane ekuvinjelweni kwezifo kanye nezinambuzane ezihlukile. Kulokhu, 1-1,5 amalitha oDinki opinki we-manganese (ekhasini lamanzi - 1 g lezinto) athululelwa emthonjeni ngamunye. Kulokhu, ikhambi kufanele linqunywe ngokushisa (ebangeni lama-degree angama-50-60). Izithombo zitshalwe ngegumbi lobumba ngqo emhlabathini wasemhlabeni wasemhlabeni futhi zangena ephepheni lokuqala langempela. Ukusuka ngenhla kufafazwe ngenhlabathi evulekile, izintende zithambekele kancane futhi zihlelwe ngumquba wonyaka owedlule, i-peat, utshani, utshani be-sawdust noma onomile.
Utamatisi. (Isithombe esisetshenziswa yilayisense ejwayelekile © Ogorodnye-shrgalki.ru)
Ngokulandelayo, izigxobo ziqhutshwa, welula emigqeni yocingo nakulo ngosizo lwe-twine, isitshalo ngasinye siyahlolwa. Enqubweni yokukhula, i-twine igoqeka ngobumnene esiqwini.
Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa e-greenhouse kuholela ezinkingeni ezahlukene - kusuka ekuphonseni izimbali ukufiphala ekufeni kwezitshalo. Ukubuya okuyingozi ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo futhi ekuqaleni kwehlobo, yize iqiniso lokuthi utamatisi ukhule emhlabathini olondekile.Izinsuku zokuqala ezingama-5-6 zezithombo zamatamatisi zingcono ukungaphazamisi, bese kudingeka ukwephula inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela komoya ezimpandeni zezithombo. Emva kwalokho, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, ukuchelela kokuqala kwenziwa, okulandelayo - kanye ngezinsuku ezi-5-6, kuya ngomswakama kanye nokushisa komoya ku-greenhouse (okulungele izithombo + 18-26 degrees phakathi nosuku, ebusuku - +15). Ngemuva kokunisela inhlabathi, inhlabathi ikhululekile, futhi ngesimo sezulu esishisayo i-greenhouse ingenawo umoya.
Utamatisi awuthandi umswakama womoya ophakanyisiwe, ngakho-ke izambatho azinakwa ngendlela ejwayelekile, kepha zithambisa inhlabathi enamabhodlela epulasitiki aphansi. Zithengiwe eduze kwesihlahla ngasinye ngentamo phansi, bese uthele amanzi kubo. Le yindlela elula yokunisela, ngoba umswakama ku-greenhouse uhlala esezingeni elifanele lamatamatisi (45-65%), nangaphandle kwalokho, amanzi awaweli emacembe ezitshalo.
Ezinsukwini eziyi-15-20 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo ziqala ukwenza umanyolo enhlabathini: nge-1 imitha yesikwele. M kwanele 20-25 g we-superphosphate kanye ne-15-20 g ye-potassium sulfate. Ngokuzayo, lapho isikhathi sezithelo kufanelekile, feed kanye njalo emavikini amabili (amalitha ayi-10 amanzi athatha i-16 g ye-urea, u-10 g we-supershosphate kanye ne-16 g ye-magnesium sulfur).Ukufeza isivuno esihle esihlahleni samatamatisi, sekuyizinsuku ezingama-7-8 ngemuva kokufika endaweni ebamba ukushisa kuqala ukwakha esiqwini esisodwa. Kuvezwa ukususa wonke ama-steppes esiqwini (kwakheka esonweni samaqabunga).
Kubalulekile ukuthi weqe isikhathi ukuqala inqubo. Ukubambezeleka ngisho nezinsuku ezimbalwa kungathinta kabi isivuno esizayo ngenxa yokuphuma kwamahlumela asongelwa okunamandla okuholela, okuzozithatha izidumbu eziningi. Ngokuzayo, izinyathelo zenziwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
Utamatisi. (Isithombe esisetshenziswa yilayisense ejwayelekile © Ogorodnye-shrgalki.ru)
Ungakhulisa utamatisi kanye neziqu ezi-2 (ushiye ama-stincin ngaphansi kwebhulashi lokuqala lezimbali), futhi ngeziqu ezi-3 (shiya elifanayo ngobukhulu).
Isikhathi lapho ungasusa utamatisi, uncike ezinhlobonhlobo, isikhathi sokufika, isimo sezulu kanye nezimo zokulima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utamatisi unamazinga amane okuvuthwa: luhlaza, ubisi, nsundu (noma upinki) bese uqedela. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuhlanza izithelo sincike kumiphi injongo azosetshenziswa futhi ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi.
Utamatisi obomvu usetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukusika amasaladi, ama-juices okupheka, njll. Ngosawoti kanye neMarination, utamatisi aphukile ngombala onsundu. Imifino imvamisa iqoqa ukugcinwa isikhathi eside (ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-10).
Ngemuva kweqoqo eliphelele lezithelo, zonke izinto zensimbi noma zokhuni zezindawo zokugcina izinwele kanye nenhlabathi ziphathwa ngesisombululo sethusi noma nge-100 g ngebhakede ngalinye lamanzi). I-polycarbonate namafasitela kudonswa ngokucophelela.