I-Pseudochum (isifo seNewcastle) e-Ostrich - Izizathu, Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa

Isifo seNewcastle noma isifo se-pseudocheum kungenye yezifo ezimbi kakhulu zezintshe. Inemvelo yegciwane futhi ingathinta noma iyiphi inkukhu. Ukuze ungalahlekelwa yimfuyo, ukuvikela okufanelekile kuyadingeka, futhi uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa okwanele.

Siyini isifo seNewcastle?

Lesi sifo saqala salungiswa futhi sachazwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Lesi senzakalo senzeka edolobheni legama elifanayo le-Ireland, lapho igama lesifo luhambe ngalo. Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100, lesi sifo sezinyoni sihlala siyingozi kakhulu kuma-inttriches.

Ukuqubuka kwezikhathi zesifo seNewcastle kuphawulwa cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Babhalwe phansi, ikakhulukazi, emapulazini ezintshe e-Afrika, eMelika, e-Asia. Lesi sifo siyingozi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni.

Ama-pathogen

Umenzeli we-causative wesifo seNewcastle yi-PMV-1 Paramixirus, ebonakaliswa ukungenisa okuphezulu (okuthelelanayo). Leli gciwane lisakazeka ngokushesha phakathi kwezinyoni, njengoba linesikhathi esifushane sokufakwa kokufakwa - kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuye kwezingu-5.

Ku-PMV-1, inani elingaphelele lezinhlobo ezihlanganiswe ngamaqembu ama-4 amakhulu:

• Mesogenic. Ukuphefumula nama-CNS athinta. Ehlukile ngamaphesenti aphansi okufa kwabantu.
• Ibhayisekili le-Neurotropic. A asuse uhlelo lokuphefumula nolwezinzwa. Shayela i-paddle ephezulu.
• Lentogenic. Lesi sifo sihambisana nokuwohloka okuncane komsebenzi wezitho zokuphefumula.
• I-ViscooTropic Cyboyns. Imbangela inkambo yokuqina kwesifo futhi ibonakala nge-infinity ephezulu. Kuholele ku-hemorrhage ezithweni zangaphakathi.

I-PMV-1 iyingozi kakhulu futhi ingahlala iphila ngaphandle kwezinyoni isikhathi eside. Kugcinwe ezindaweni zayo zokuhlala, ukuqhubeka nokutheleleka imfuyo. Impilo yaleli gciwane ehlobo - izinsuku eziyi-6-8, ngesikhathi esibandayo - kuya ezinyangeni ezi-5. Isisusa sangaphandle sithinta isikhathi sokuphila.

Mangaki we-PMV-1 aphile ngemibandela:

• ngaphansi kwelanga elifanele - izinsuku ezimbili;
• Ngaphansi kwemisebe elawuhlakazekile elangeni - cishe izinsuku eziyi-15;
• Lapho kufudunyezwa ngaphezulu kwama-70 ° C - cishe imizuzu emi-2;
• esimweni seqhwa - cishe unyaka;
• Ngokuphathwa kokushisa kwenyama - kuze kube yihora eli-1;
• Lapho yomisa izitho zomtholo ezinegciwane kanye nesitoreji sazo ngo-17 ... + 18 ° C - cishe iminyaka emi-2;
• Ukungcwatshwa kwabantu abathathelwanayo emhlabathini cishe izinsuku ezingama-20.

Imithombo yokutheleleka

Imithombo esemqoka yokutheleleka kwe-Ostrich yinto eyesabayo yabo yokugula. Kuyingozi njengezinyoni ezigulayo, nasesikhathini sokufakwa.

Ukutheleleka nakho kuvela:

• izinyoni zasendle;
• Izinambuzane;
• izinduku;
• izilwane ezifuywayo;
• indoda.

E-Ostrich, leli gciwane alisebenzi ngokushesha njengezinhlobo zezinyoni. Isizathu sokubiwa kancane endaweni yangaphandle.

Ukuxhumana okusondele kakhulu phakathi kweziguli nezinyoni ezinempilo, kukhulu kakhulu ukutheleleka. Leli gciwane lidluliselwa ngokomoya ngokweqiniso, ngokwesibonelo, ngezinhlelo zomoya noma zomoya.

Iqembu lengozi

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkukhu, izintshe zimelana impela negciwane leNewcastle. Azitholakalanga kuye, njenge, ngokwesibonelo, izinkukhu, hhayi ukubhala kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu komunye nomunye.

Phakathi kwezintshe ngokwazo, iqembu lengozi lifaka amabha kanye nezingane ezisheshayo ezinyangeni eziyi-9, izinyoni ezibuthakathaka kanye nezihlobene nobudala. Kubantu abaphilile nabaqinile, izimpawu zalesi sifo ngokuvamile azibonakali ngokuphelele.

Indlela yokutheleleka

I-pathogen iyakwazi ukungena emzimbeni wezinyoni nazo zonke izindlela ezingenzeka - ingaphefumula, ukuginya ngokudla noma emanzini, dlula ekuqaleni. Uma lesi sifo sangena emhlambini, akunakwenzeka ukuvikela lesi sifo kuwo ngenani labantu ngezindlela ezivamile zokuhlukaniswa.

Izinyoni zingenwe yilezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• umoya-drit;
• ngegazi;
• ngokusebenzisa amanzi nokudla okuthelelekile;
• kusuka ezimfihlakalo ezimile, ukudonsa;
• kusuka emaqanda;
• Ngokusebenzisa udoti, fluff kanye nezimpaphe.

Leli gciwane, lingena emzimbeni wenyoni, liqala ukuqinisa ngokwalo liyashesha, bese ngegazi lasakazeka emzimbeni wonke futhi liwela ezithweni zangaphakathi.

Lapho leli gciwane seliphindize futhi lazinza emzimbeni, izimpawu zemitholampilo zivela ngezintsheli ezithathelwanayo, futhi ngokwazo ziba yimithombo yokutheleleka okuhlukanisa ama-pathogen emvelweni yangaphandle.

Ngabe lesi sifo somuntu siyingozi?

I-Paramiksovirus ayithwali usongo olubulalayo kubantu, kepha bangatheleleka. Iqembu lengozi lifaka abasebenzi ukuxhumana neziguli nezinyoni.

Indoda ingena, iphefumula emoyeni ngegciwane noma ilahlekelwe amehlo ngezandla ezingcolile. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zibonakaliswa ezinsukwini ezingama-3-7 ngemuva kokutheleleka.

Izimpawu ezilandelayo zivela e-Pseudochum yomuntu othelelekile:

• I-MUCAL Mucosa iyavuvukala;
• Izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kancane;
• ukugibela ubuthakathaka;
• Zikhuphukile futhi ziqhume;
• kusuka ekhaleni nasesweni kukhona umunyu ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-pus;
• Kukhona uhudo, kufaka phakathi ukufakwa kwamagazi;
• Isifiso esibi.

Ukuze ungatheleleleli kusuka ezintsheni noma kwezinye izinyoni nge-paramiksovirus:

• Ukushiya indlu yezinkukhu, geza izandla zakhe ngokucophelela ngensipho bese uzicubungule ngezixazululo ezi-disinfectant;
• Inyama namaqanda kungaphansi kokwelashwa okuseqophelweni eliphezulu;
• Ukwenza ukugonywa kwe-aerosol kanye nokubulala amagciwane ezakhiweni zasemapulazini, gqoka i-respirator.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ezimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka kwe-pseudocheum. Abantu abanokungavikeleki buthaka kahle mhlawumbe esibhedlela, ngoba lesi sifo singavusa izinkinga.

Imvamisa, izimpawu zikhawulelwe ekubonakalisweni okujwayelekile kokuphefumula noma ukuhlanganiswa kwe-conjunctivitis, kepha kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile. Isibonelo, izingane zinamacala okulimala kobuchopho. Nganoma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi, ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuwuphawu.

Iziko

Ukuqina kokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kuncike eminyakeni yobudala bezintshe, ubunzima, ukumelana komzimba, izimo zokuboshwa kanye nezinye izinto. I-Pathology ibhekwe yizinhlelo ezilandelayo zomzimba:

• ukuphefumula;
• uvalo;
• Ukugaya.

Lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zingavela ezinyoni ezigulayo:

• ubuthakathaka;
• ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana;
• Ukuphonsa amakhanda;
• Isifo sohudo;
• Ukukhethwa kwama-mucus kusuka ekhaleni nasemqoka;
• Ukunwebeka okushisa;
• umoya onzima;
• ukwehluleka;
• ukukhubazeka.

Indlela elula yokusola i-pseudochum kumbala oshintshiwe we-FECES. Baba luhlaza, imvamisa ngokuhlanganiswa kwegazi. Isifo sohudo - okungajwayelekile kwezimpawu zezintshe. Ukubukeka kwayo kuyisibonakaliso esibi esenza iParamixirus enyoni izinyoni ezinyangeni.

Ngokuvulwa kwezidumbu zezintshe ezihle ezivela kuma-pseudochums, ungabona ubukhona bokuvuvukala emizimbeni yokuphefumula kanye ne-gastrointestinal.

Izinhlobo zesifo

Inkambo yesifo seNewcastle ithatha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezihlukile komunye nomunye ngezimpawu, ubulukhuni bayo kanye nomphumela:

• Umbani. Azikho izimpawu. Izinyoni zifa kungazelelwe. Kungemva kokuvula kuphela abanikazi bepulazi bafunda ukuthi izintshe zishonile ezivela kumaPharamixes.
• . Lesi sifo sigeleza sinezimpawu ezishiwo. Izimpawu zithwebula izitho zokuphefumula nezokuphefumula, kunezimpawu ezisobala zesilonda se-CNS. Ukufa kuza ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokutheleleka. Ngalesi sifo salesi sifo, ungalahlekelwa yibo bonke abantu.
• Tajection. Kuyabonakala lapho ubuthongo buhlulwa yigciwane le-mesogenic strain. Izinyoni ezigulayo ziziphatha kahle ngenjabulo, igobolondo leqanda liba mncane ngokwengeziwe. Ingafa cishe ama-30% emfuyo. Ngale ndlela yesifo senyoni, imvamisa iyafa ngesonto. Imvamisa, inkambo yokuzithoba ibangela amagciwane ase-Asia.
• Kwamahlalakhona. Ecasulwe yi-mezogenic tignali futhi ibonwa ezinyangeni ezinokungavikeleki kahle. Uma uqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, ungagcina iningi labantu. I-pad ayikho ngaphezu kwe-15%.

Isifo seNewcastle sihlotshaniswa nonyaka. Imvamisa ukuqubuka kwalo kwenzeka ehlobo nasekwindla. Emapulazini amakhulu, ukuba khona kokutheleleka kungavunyelwa njalo ngenxa yokuphikiswa okuphezulu kwegciwane ebusika nasebusweni bezinyoni ezingabathwali bayo be-latent.

Ukuxilonga

Ukuxilongwa kuqukethe ekuhlukaniseni lesi sifo kusuka ezigunjini ezifanayo ngezimpawu. Uma sakha kuphela ezimpawu zangaphandle, i-pseudochem ingadideka:

• Chum chum;
• isivunguvungu sesisu;
• I-Bronchitis;
• umkhuhlane;
• I-laryngotrachet;
• I-patephelosis;
• Ubuthi ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngemuva kocwaningo lwelebhu noma ngemuva kokuvula isidumbu se-Ostrich. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-PMV-1 ezivela enyoni efile:

• I-esophagus namathumbu ambozwe ngama-hemorrhage;
• Esibindini, izinso, iMoocardium kanye nezicubu zemisipha, izinguquko ze-Dyssthrophic ziyabhekwa;
• I-Necrotic Penomena;
• I-imeyili Ethics;
• Ukuqina kwegazi emithanjeni.

I-BioMadioments ithunyelwa ocwaningweni - izingcezu zesibindi, ubuchopho, i-trachea, amaphaphu. Ezinyoni ezinokungavikeleki kahle, zithatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze zihlole, kukhona ama-antibodies kuwo noma cha.

Ukuxilongwa kwelebhu telotorabula kusho ukuzimisela kwama-pathogen kuma-umbungu, ekhomba izimpawu zesifo ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ukwelashwa kwe-hemagglutination. Amathuba alesi sifo anqunywa ngesikhathi esiphakathi sokufa kwemibungu.

Izindlela zesimanje zokuxilonga zinikeza izivivinyo ze-Immunochromaygraphic Express. Isikhathi sokufeza - kusuka emizuzwini emi-5 kuye kwayi-10. Izinto ezihlangene - i-plasma noma i-serum yegazi, imfihlo yamehlo, ihlanza i-trachea ne-cloac.

Ukwelashwa kwezintshe

Naphezu kwempikiswano yokubonwa kwe-pseudocheum, ososayensi abakakakuthuthukisi ukwelashwa kwayo okukhiqizayo. Ukuphatha iziguli akupheleli kuphela, kodwa futhi kuyingozi kuyo yonke imfuyo, enikezwe ikhono lokusakazeka emoyeni.

Uma umlimi enquma ukusindisa inyoni, isiguli esine-pseudocheum, kungenzeka sitshalwe egumbini elihlukile, hhayi ukuxhumana nomoya omncane nendawo lapho i-main furestock itholakala khona. Baphathwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane ababelwe ngudokotela wezilwane.

Ukugula, kepha akuthunyelwe ukubulawa kwezinyoni, kuvame ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezilandelayo:

• Amavithamini eqembu phakathi, ngokwesibonelo, i-cerebrolysin ne-cerebrolization;
• Vitamin C;
• Fosprenyl;
• Ukufunwa;
• Ama-antibiotic alwa ne-pathogenic microflora.

Imikhiqizo ye-antibacteriya ikhethiwe ibheka ukuba khona kwama-pathogens kanye nokuzwela kwe-ejenti kumuthi othize. Ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwezinyoni, esikhundleni sama-antibiotic, i-Emprobio Propelliotic inqunyelwe - ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile yepheshana lesisu.

Inyoni etholakele itholakala unomphela ubuntu bonke ubuqili begciwane le-PMV-1. Okwesibili akunalo ukutheleleka.

Phatha izinyoni ezigulayo efomini le-acute akulungile. Ekusebenzeni, abalimi bakhetha ukubulala iziguli nabantu ukuze banciphise ubungozi bokutheleleka kwayo yonke imfuyo. Ukukhuphuka izinyoni ezithelelekile ngokuya ngezindinganiso zezilwane kanye nokuhlanzeka. Ngemuva kwalokho empeleni i-disetry yokusungula nendawo yokuhlaba.

Ukuvimbela

Ukuvimbela kuyindlela esemqoka yokulwa nesifo seNewcastle. Ilele ezindleleni zokujwayelekile kanye nokugoma okufika ngesikhathi.

Ukugcaba

Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokulwa cishe ne-newcastle virus engaphenduki - ukugoma. Isibonelo esisodwa semijovo esetshenziswa ngabalimi - varosalm. Umuthi udala ukungavikeleki okuqinile ngokumelene ne-pseudocheuma ne-salmonellosis.

Sifaka izintshezi ezincane ngokuya ngemodi ethile:

• Eminyakeni engu-20, kwethulwa umthamo wokuqala womgomo wokugoma. Umuthi ufakwa kusirinji emsipha esifubeni.
• Njalo izinyanga eziyi-10 sichitha kabusha kabusha (ukubuyekeza kabusha). Gcomisa izinyoni kukho konke impilo.

Ukuzivalela

Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kokubikezela kuqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni, ipulazi le-ostrich noma omunye umnotho wenyoni uvaliwe, ememezela ukonakala. Ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa, kwenqatshelwe:

• ukungenisa impahla ezweni;
• Ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yenkukhu - inyama, amaqanda, amafluff nezimpaphe;
• Ipulazi alivumeli abantu bakwamanye amazwe.

Lapho inyanga eyi-1 idlula ngemuva kwecala lokugcina lokugula kanye nokubulala amagciwane, ukuhlukaniswa kwedwa kuyasuswa. Uma lesi sifo sivalekile ngayo yonke imfuyo, singasuswa ngaphambili - ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngemuva kokusampula.

Imicimbi Yokuhlanzeka

Enye yezinsika ezinkulu zokuvimbela noma yiziphi izifo ezithathelwanayo ukugcinwa kwamazinga emithetho wokuhlanzeka kanye nokuhlanzeka. Ngokuhambisana nokugoma, ukuthuthwa kwendle kukuvumela ukuthi uvikele imfuyo kusuka ezifweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-pseudocum.

Izinyathelo zokuhlanzeka ziphakamisa njalo:

• Ukubulala amagciwane (amagciwane);
• ukuhlekisa (ukubhujiswa kwamagundane);
• Ukungahambisani (ukulwa nama-arthropods).

Lapho ibulala amagciwane ezakhiweni, kubhekwa ukuthi iParamixirus ifa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okusho ukuthi amanzi ashisayo angasetshenziswa ukudicilela phansi. Futhi ukubulala leli gciwane kusiza i-1% Lizola, i-Phenol kanye ne-Chlorine Solutions kanye nesixazululo se-2%.

Ukuze unciphise ukutheleleka kwezinyoni, khawulela umgwaqo kusuka koxhumana nabo nomgwaqo, uvimbele ukuxhumana kwabantu ngomunye nomunye. Uma okuqukethwe yinyoni kusho ukuthintana eduze nendawo yemvelo (yindlela vele ukuthi ama-ostrises ahlala kanjani emapulazini), ukugoma kusengaphambili.

Okuqukethwe kwezintshe

Ukusuka ekutheni izimo zokuphila ezinhle kanjani, impilo kanye nokukhiqiza kwayo yonke imfuyo kuncike, ngakho-ke inzuzo yepulazi. Ungaqukatha kanjani izintshe:

• Igumbi - lifudumele futhi yomile;
• Akufanele kube namatshe amagundane kanye nama-parasites angalimaza izinyoni, kufaka phakathi ukusatshalaliswa kokutheleleka;
• Ukushisa komoya okulungele - kusuka + 18 ° C kuya ku-22 ° C;
• Ukungena komoya okujwayelekile ukuze umoya ubusha futhi uhlanzeke, futhi uzimisele izimo ezinhle zokuzalanisa amagciwane (ama-bacterium, isikhunta, isikhunta, amagciwane) adaliwe;
• UPaul - ngokhuni, uSandy noma ubumba (osemhlabeni wonke), kwenqatshelwe ukukwenza kusuka ezitini, ukhonkolo noma asphalt, njengoba kubanda kakhulu ngemilenze yezintshe;
• Kusuka ekhanda le-ostrich kuya ophahleni kufanele okungenani kube yi-1 m, ukuphakama okuphelele kungu-3 m;
• Usayizi weWindows ngu-80 × 80 cm, ezingeni eliphansi - 1 m;
• Kufanele kube negumbi elingaphakathi elingaphakathi, elihlukaniswe ngamagundane;
• phansi - udoti ongcolile;
• Ama-feeders atholakala kude ka-0.5 m emhlabathini, bese uwagcwalisa ngo-2/3;
• Amanzi okuphuza avuselelwa nsuku zonke;
• Igumbi lifuthelwa ngogesi noma ngenye indlela;
• Izindonga ziyahlanya;
• Kufanele kube nendawo yokuhamba, embozwe ngesihlabathi noma i-gravel, ivikelwe emimoyeni;
• Izinga lokuhamba umuntu oyedwa - amamitha-skwele angama-5-10. m.

Ukondla

Ukuze uthole izintsheli ukuze zikhule ngokujwayelekile futhi zingalimazi, kufanele zithole umsoco ogcwele, olinganiselayo nokwehlukahluka. Isimo sempilo kanye nokungavikeleki kwezinyoni, ukumelana nezifo namagciwane kuncike kwikhwalithi yokuphakelayo.

Imithetho yokudla izintsheni:

• Lapho kungekho okuphakelayo okuluhlaza, kanye ne-hay yekhwalithi engabalulekile, ukudla kwezinyoni kwahluma ukolweni, inyama noma ifulawa enjengenyama.
• Imvamisa ye-bird feedch kusuka ngonyaka owodwa - kabili ngosuku, inamathela kubukhosi. I-STRY ADDOD YOKWAZI izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku.
• Ushintsho kusuka ekudleni kwasehlobo kuya ebusika futhi kunalokho okwenziwa kahle futhi kuhlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-10.
• Ukudla kwesikhathi esikhiqizayo kunempilo kakhulu kunesigaba sokuphila esingakhiqizi.
• Ukudla kufanele kudliwe phakathi nosuku, akunakwenzeka ukuhlala futhi konakaliswe. Kumapeni, ama-feeders atholakala ngaphansi kombhede, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzona futhi okuphakelayo kuzothintana.
• Ukudla, ungasebenzisa okuphakelayo kwenkukhu.
• Wabona izintshe zinamanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile. Ishintshwa njalo ekuseni.
• Akunakwenzeka ukunika izinyoni ezingcolisiwe zezinyoni notshani. Baqala ukugeza futhi bomile.

I-Ostrich inika ukudla kanzima noketshezi, imifino nezilwane. Ukudla kudonswa ngokunaka inkathi, indawo yokuqukethwe (umgwaqo noma i-shed), iminyaka yobudala nempilo yezinyoni.

Isifo sikaNewcastle ukugula okungathi sína okungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu nasekulahlekelweni yimfuyo. I-Pseudochum ayilashwa. Izindlela kuphela zokulwa nalesi sifo ukuvikela nokuhambisana nemithetho yokondla kanye nokunakekelwa kwenyoni.