Ukufunwa kwamadolobha kwasiza kakhulu umsebenzi womama wezindlu, ngoba ukupheka esitofini segesi kulula kakhulu kunokupheka ama-premis noma eKerogaz. Ukudluliswa kwamakamelo e-boiler nama-TPPs avela kumalahle noma okoyela kagesi kugesi sekuthuthukise kakhulu isimo semvelo sesifunda.
Ukungabikho kweGaza kumapayipi egesi yase-Urban kuzokwenza ngokushesha inhlekelele yedolobha - i-TPP izoyeka ukusebenza, okusho ukuthi ukushisa nogesi kuzokuma kuwo wonke amagridi anamandla, impilo yezakhiwo izocima, impilo in idolobha lizoma.
Uyini umlando wegesi futhi unjani ingqalasizinda yegesi yamadolobha amakhulu esikhathini sethu?
E-USSR, ukuqamba ama-pesication kwaqala ngawo-1940.
Ngo-1942, kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwepayipi le-saratov-moscow gesi. Le pipeline yegesi, amakhilogremu angama-840 ubude, yaqedwa ngoJulayi 1946. Ukwakhiwa kwe-L. P. Beriya kwagadiwe, futhi kungasho ngokweqile ukuthi uhlelo lokwakha luqashelwe ngokunembe futhi ngekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu. Le pipeline yegesi ihlinzeke ngamamitha ayi-1 million amamitha ayi-1 kaphethiloli ngonyaka, ukufaka ezinye izindleko zokushisa amathani angama-150 ama-oyela amalahle, amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-150 amathani amalahle, ngaphambili asetshenziswa ama-muscovites .
Ngo-1944 kwaqala kwakhiwa, kwathi ngo-1946 kwaqedwa amapayipi e-Dashava-Kiev. Kwathi ngo-1950 ukuqhubeka kwale pipeline legesi kwakhiwa eMoscow. Ipayipi legesi yanikeza cishe amamitha ayi-2 million amamitha ayi-2 wegesi yemvelo ngonyaka.
Kusukela ngawo-1950s, ukufuzwa kwaqhubeka ngejubane elisheshayo. Ngawo-1960s, amadolobha amakhulu e-USSR ayechithwe. Indawo kaKerogaz nePrimis ekhishini yathatha izitofu zikaphethiloli. I-Kerosene Stennch enamakhishi ahambile, izitofu zegesi zisebenza kakhulu zinomsindo futhi zizinzile kakhulu, futhi ama-oveni avumelekile ukudala izitsha ezintsha, inkukhu ebekiwe noma i-duck yonke.
Ngabe yini izinga lokufukula kwamadolobha aseRussia njengamanje?
Eminyakeni engu-14 eyedlule, lelo zinga lelo, lelo lelo likhuphuke ngo-14% futhi lifinyelele kuma-70.1%, ukusuka ngonyaka ka-2005 kuya ku-2000 amapayipi wegesi angaphezu kwama-2000 akhiwa ngobude obungaphezu kwamakhilogremu angaphezu kwama-32,000. Amasu kaHulumeni aze afike ku-2025 akhiphe ama-95% wazo zonke izindawo, ezinekhono lobuchwepheshe ukuxhuma.
Lo mkhuba namuhla unjalo - amanethiwekhi okusatshalaliswa kwegesi anwebisa futhi ayakhiwa lapho, lapho bengekho ngaphambili, ukondla igesi emadolobhaneni nasezikhungweni zezifunda. Kepha eMegalopolis kwezinye izindlu ezintsha akukho gesi, njengoba izitofu zikagesi ekhishini.
Ukuguqula amanethiwekhi kuhlukaniswe ngengcindezi, indawo, ukujula phansi.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwengcindezelo:
- Amapayipi we-High Pressure Geres (0.3 kuya ku-1.2 MPA) ahlinzekwa ngamaphoyinti alawulwa yigesi engcindezi ephakathi namabhizinisi wezimboni.
- Amapayipi we-Middle Precing Peesf (ngaphezulu kwe-0.005 kuya ku-0.3 MPA) Gcina izinhlelo zokucindezela eziphansi, ama-workshop amancane nezinsizakusebenza.
- Amapayipi wepheshana lokucindezela eliphansi (kuze kufike ku-5000 pa) ahlinzeke ngegesi abathengi kanye nezinsizakalo.
Ireferensi. I-5000 PA = 0.05 KGF / SQ. Cm.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwendawo:
- kwangaphandle noma kwangaphakathi;
- umhlaba noma ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ukuhlukaniswa ekujuleni kwamapayipi epayipisi, ngokuya ngemithetho:
- Ngaphansi kwezimo zekhonkolo eziqinile noma ze-asphalt coating - okungenani 0,8 m;
- ezindaweni ezinabantu abangenalutho - okungenani 0.9 m;
- Kufika kumamitha ayi-1,5 - i-gaskeline gasket yegesi yegesi eyomile (kuya ngenhlabathi eqhwa ebusika - nokujula);
- Kusuka ku-0.6 amamitha - emadolobheni amaningi, inqobo nje uma ukuntuleka kwezokuthutha kuqinisekisiwe.
Yini amasheya wegesi yemvelo?
Amagesi ajwayelekile ahlolwe namuhla, okugcinwe yigesi yemvelo kulinganiselwa ku-187.3 trillion. amamitha cubic.
Cishe i-25% yazo zonke izindawo zokugcina igesi yomhlaba zingamaRussia. I-Iran ingumnikazi we-17.09% yezinqolobane, ne-Qatar - 12.20%. Ngaphezu kwalokho kuhamba nge-USA, eSaudi Arabia, iTurkmenistan kanye ne-UAE.
Ngokusho kwe-OPEC, amamitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3946.1 amamitha wegesi ngonyaka akhiqizwa minyaka yonke - sisenesitoko esihle. Kepha cabanga kunakho konke lokhu kungathathelwa indawo - kuyadingeka impela.
Ngingabuyisela kanjani igesi esetshenziselwe amandla? Ama-atomic reactors kuma-neutrons asheshayo? Iziteshi ze-Thermoniclear?
Ikusasa lizokhombisa, yize kungekho ndlu eshisayo futhi akwaziwa ukuthi, kodwa ama-reactors ama-neutrons asheshayo, okungcono kakhulu angasebenzisa ukucebisa i-U-238, esikhathini sethu esisabhekwa njengokungcola kwenqubo yokusebenza - sezivele zakhiwe. Ngakho-ke, i-uranium yokuphendula, ngokuzumayo siba kaninginingi ngaphezulu, okuzokwenza kube lukhulu ukwandisa isizukulwane sikagesi.
Okwamanje, eza ekhishini, iningi lethu liya esitofini segesi bese lijika ngokushiyela ukupheka kwasemini. Into esemqoka yilelo gesi emapayipi.
Ugesi kungenzeka ungabi njalo. Kepha ukuze kungekho gesi - ngokweqiniso ayikho into enjalo!
Umbhali - Igor Vadimov
Umthombo - Springzhizni.ru.