Amaphrojekthi abalulekile emphakathini angaphumelela ukuhweba uma ebasiza esigabeni sentuthuko. Abatshalizimali baseNtshonalanga batshala imali emabhizinisini emphakathini bathola ukwaneliseka kokuziphatha kuphela, kodwa futhi nesilinganiso esingu-5.8% ngonyaka. Umkhakha okhula ngokushesha kokutshalwa kwemali komthelela uheha abadlali abakhulu. Kungenzeka yini ukuthuthuka eRussia futhi yini abatshalizimali bezinkampani zezenhlalo zaseRussia abacelayo?
Imali evela enhliziyweniUmkhakha wezenhlalo esomabhizinisi wavela emazweni athuthukile. Amaphayona aqhutshwa yi-United States, e-United Kingdom, eCanada nase-Australia. Ngo-1984, izinhlangano zemboni yezentuthuko esimeme zadalwa e-United States, futhi lokhu kungabhekwa njengosuku lokuzalwa lokutshalwa kwemali okunjalo. Ngo-2007, iRockefeller Forudition yethule leli gama - "Ukutshalwa Kwemithelela". Lokhu kutshalwa kwemali ezinkampanini zezentengiselwano ezenza inhloso yazo eyinhloko yenza isisombululo sezinkinga zenhlalo, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhloso zokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwe-UN nasendaweni yesibili - inzuzo. Amabhizinisi anjalo awekho nakancane. Lona umehluko wabo kusuka kumaphrojekthi angewona ama-commerce angahlelwa futhi angabekezeleli.
Kusukela lapho, umkhakha wokutshala imali emphakathini usukhule cishe kusuka ekuqaleni kuya ku- $ 502 billion, kusho isifundo se-Global Umthelela Sokuhlola inethiwekhi (i-GIIN). Kule ndawo kuba nabadlali abakhulu - izinkampani zokuphatha, izikhungo zentuthuko, amabhange. Isibonelo, i-Black Rock itshale imali engama- $ 90 billion entuthukweni esimeme, ama-Goldman Sachs - $ 7 billion emkhakheni wezenhlalo. Iningi layo yonke imali lithunyelwa kumaphrojekthi kwezolimo, amandla, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, ukufundwa okuhlangene kwesisekelo esithi "Ikusasa lethu" kanye nesikole esiphakeme sezomnotho.
Yini ngempela esikhuluma ngayo? Isikhwama Sotshalomali Esikhulu Esicacile, esisungulwe ngonyaka ka-2008 eLondon Phorement Banking, sigxile ngokuphelele ekusebenzeni nezinkampani zezenhlalo. Usevele enikeze amakhilogremu angu-450 wezigidi eziyi-150. Omunye wabo uHarry Sportters Handmade Chocolate umenzi. Inkampani ihlinzeka ngomsebenzi nokukhokhwa okuhle kubantu abane-autism. Ngo-Okthoba 2016, ngokusobala kwamnika imali mboleko amakhilogremu angama-35,000, kwathi ngoSepthemba 2018 wangena kwinhloko-dolobha yenkampani ngamaphawundi angama-457,000. Manje yibhizinisi eliphumelelayo, ama-60% enzuzo kabani ezinkambisweni zomphakathi (izinkomba zezezimali azivezwanga).
Akukho okubi kakhulu kunabanyeKukhona i-stereotype: Isixazululo sezindaba ezibalulekile emphakathini zihambisana nezindleko kuphela. Futhi osomabhizinisi abacebile abanesifiso sokwenza isenzo esihle, kufanele bamane banikeze imali kubantu abanobuso abavuthayo futhi bakhohlwe ngabo. I-Social Enterpriseurship izama ukubhubhisa lokhu kufakwa, okubonisa ukuthi izinkampani ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza inzuzo, noma ngaphansi kwesilinganiso emkhakheni wazo.
Ngo-2015, uMorgan Stanley wafunda amaphothifoliyo okutshala imali kwezinkampani ezinomsebenzi wezenhlalo. Kwavela ukuthi isivuno sabo siphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuguquguquka kungaphansi kwalokhu kwamasheya ajwayelekile wesitoko. Ngo-2019, uMorgan Stanley ocwaningweni olusha waqinisekisa lesi siphetho.
Ngokusho kwenhlolovo i-GIIN, isivuno sokutshalwa kwemali kwethonya kufanelekile ukulindelwa kwama-76% abatshalizimali. Ingaphansi kwemakethe yesitoko eletha, kepha entshonalanga isilinganiso esingu-5.8% ngonyaka - hhayi kubi kangako. Izinkomba ezinesisindo zezinkomba zezinkampani ezinamanani ezemvelo, ezenhlalo noma zokuphatha (i-KLD 400 Social Index) ama-complaterates ngesilinganiso se-benchmark yemakethe yaseMelika S & P 500.
Futhi kuthiwani ngathiSinebhizinisi lezenhlalo livela kuphela. ERussia, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zabatshalizimali abakulungele ukutshalwa kwezimali okunjalo, bebona ukuthi bazoletha imali encane. Okokuqala, laba basomabhizinisi abacebile abacebile abanelise isidingo sokuqongelelwa kwezinsiza futhi manje bafuna ukuwabelana. Amabhizinisi abo ngokungaguquki aletha inzuzo - ngaphezu kwalokho abangayisebenzisa, futhi banesifiso sokubamba iqhaza ekuguqukeni komhlaba. Uhlobo lwesibili yi-Millenniya, eyayizwa imfanelo yesikhathi esizayo ngekusasa futhi isilungele ukusebenzisa imali ezinhlosweni ezibalulekile emphakathini. Futhi yize inani lokutshalwa kwezimali kwalo lincane, inani labatshalizimali abanjalo lizokhula kuphela.
Futhi labo nabanye beza enkolelweni yokuthi imali eyayiphila ngokunikela ngokungemthetho ukuxazulula imisebenzi ebalulekile yasendaweni (ukwakhiwa kwezintandane, inkokhelo yokusebenza, njll.), Kepha ayikwazi ukwakha izinhlangano zenhlalo ezinzile. Bayakuqonda ukuthi le nkampani kufanele inikeze futhi ilethe inzuzo kubatshalizimali, futhi ingahlali ezibonelweni nakwezezimali.
Manje abantu abafuna ukunika imali ngebhizinisi lezenhlalo, bahlanganisa amakilabhu ezingelosi zebhizinisi. Njengomthetho, laba bangosomabhizinisi abanolwazi nabaxhasi abangabona amathemba ephrojekthi, ukuthola uhlobo lokuxhaswa lwenkampani yezenhlalo (ukubolekwa kwemali ekhethekayo noma ukungena kwemali) futhi kukhiphe zonke izinqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesikhwama okungenani esisodwa saseRussia, esibeka ukutshalwa kwezimali okunjalo ngokugeleza, "ikusasa lethu." Iminyaka engu-13, wapenda amaphrojekthi angama-255 axazulula izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zomphakathi, ngama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-693.2.
Njengesibonelo, ngizohola isisekelo esithi "Ukuphefumula kwesibili" - kwakusekelwa enye yezinhlangano zabatshalizimali. Isikhwama siqoqa izingubo ezisetshenzisiwe ngenethiwekhi yezitsha zasemadolobheni. Le nkampani ihola ezintweni ezisesimweni esihle kakhulu, ezithengiswa ngezitolo zazo nezinye izandla zesibili. Ingxenye yezingubo eziqoqiwe, kuhlatshelwa ezinhlanganweni zenhlalo ekukhipheni okuhlangenwe nakho okudingakalayo. Izinto zisesimweni esingesihle esisebenza. Le nhlangano ithole imali mboleko evela kwiklabhu yezingelosi zebhizinisi ngama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-1,6. Eminyakeni eyi-1.5 ngenani elikhethekile ngaleso sikhathi, ukubheja kwe-10% futhi kusetshenziswe imali ukuvula izitolo zezifunda. Iqoqa inkampani kanye neminikelo. Imali engenayo yango-2019 ibizelwe ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-29, kulo nyaka inzuzo kuzoba ama-ruble acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-70. futhi inzuzo ezingaba yizigidi eziyisithupha.
Konke kancane kancane kuya eqinisweni lokuthi ukusekelwa kwebhizinisi lezenhlalo kuzophela ukuthi kube kuphela imiphakathi yabatshalizimali be-IPCT futhi babe yingxenye ehlukile yemakethe. Ukuzethemba kwethu kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi isidingo sokutshalwa kwemali okunjalo kosomabhizinisi benhlalo, kanye neziphakamiso ezivela kosomabhizinisi abanakekelayo bazokhula. Lokhu kuqinisekisa isipiliyoni somhlaba, futhi iRussia ayihlali eceleni kwalezi zinqubo. Umbuzo omkhulu: Yimiphi inzuzo abatshalizimali abaye bahlinzeka ngezimali ezinkampanini zezenhlalo abangabalwa? Sizothola impendulo kuyo eminyakeni engu-5-7 - abatshalizimali batshala imali kuleli gama.
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