Empilweni yansuku zonke, ukulinganisa ibanga kusuka kwelinye iphuzu kuya kolunye akubangeli ubunzima. Lokhu kusebenzisa amayunithi ahlukene asijwayele. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa isithombe sika-100 m, ngamunye angacabanga ngokwengqondo ukuthi kungakanani. Ukuthola ibanga phakathi kwezinto ezenzelwe izinkanyezi, ososayensi bafaka phakathi izindlela eziphelele zezindlela.
Imizimba yasezulwini ngaphakathi kohlelo lwelanga
Izazi zezinkanyezi azivami ukuthi zisebenze ngamakhilomitha. Ukusho ukuthi ibanga ukusuka phansi liye enyangeni lingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-384.4, kusenokwenzeka, kodwa nezinye izinto izinombolo ziba isikhathi eside. Ukukala ibanga ngaphakathi kohlelo lwelanga, kusetshenziswa iyunithi ekhethekile yezinkanyezi - au (a. E. E. E.).
Ihambelana nosayizi we-semi-axes enkulu yomjikelezo womhlaba futhi ngasikhathi sinye ibanga phakathi koMhlaba neLanga. Ngo-2012, i-Astronomical Union yanquma ukuthola inombolo eqondile ye-A.E. - 149 597 870 amamitha angama-700. Ukusebenziseka lula kokusebenzisa iyunithi ukuthi lapho ukala amabanga ukuya ezintweni, ungaziqhathanisa nokuvuselelwa kweplanethi evela eLangeni. Isibonelo, ibanga ukusuka phansi kuya e-Uranium lingaba ngu-20 a. e.
Ukuthola ibanga ezintweni ezitholakala eduze kakhulu (ambalwa a. E.), indlela ye-radar isetshenziswa. Inokunemba okuphezulu. Kuyadingeka ukwazi amapharamitha amaningana: ijubane lokukhanya, ukunyakaza komzimba nomhlaba. I-Radio Telescope ithumela isiginali eboniswa emzimbeni womzimba bese ibuyela emhlabathini. Isikhathi sokudlula ugongolo lapho futhi emuva kukuvumela ukubala ibanga entweni.
Uma umzimba wezulu ude kakhulu emhlabathini, khona-ke ibanga elikulo lilinganiswa ngendlela ye-parallax evundlile. Ama-Pararalks awushintsho endaweni ebonakalayo yomzimba ehlobene nesemuva ekude, kuya ngokuthi umbukeli utholakala kuphi. Ama-parallaxes ambalwa ahlukaniswe, asetshenziswe kwisayensi yezinkanyezi.
Indlela evundlile ye-parallax inje. Ukuba endaweni eyodwa yamaphoyinti, isikhundla sento esibhakabhakeni siyisibhakabhaka esiningi kunezinkanyezi ezikude. Bese uhambisa kwelinye iphuzu lomhlaba futhi uphinde ubheke isikhundla somzimba wezulu.
Ibanga phakathi kwamaphoyinti wokubuka laziwa ngokuthi ama-engeli phakathi kobuso nento. Ngenxa yalokho, unxantathu onemibandela onemibandela etholwayo etholwayo. Njengesisekelo, kusetshenziswa isisekelo, kusetshenziswa ububanzi bomgwaqo we-Earth.
Ukukalwa kwamabanga ukuya ezintweni ezikude
Ngezinto ezikude kakhulu, ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwamayunithi ezinkanyezi akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, izazi zezinkanyezi ziveza ibanga ngeminyaka yokukhanya (1 Ukhanya unyaka wonke ngu-9.46 x 1015 m), futhi kaningi - eParreca (1 parseca yiminyaka yokukhanya engu-3,2616).
Uma udinga ukuthola ibanga ngqo ezinkanyezini, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi akwedlule iminyaka eminingana elula, sebenzisa indlela ye-parallax yonyaka owodwa. Indawo yezidumbu ngaphakathi kohlelo lwelanga zilinganiswa okuhlobene nezinkanyezi ezikude. Futhi incazelo yebanga kulezi zinkanyezi yenzeka ngokuqhathaniswa neminye imithala.
Indlela yokulinganisa yebanga ihlala efana - kuyadingeka ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu lomhlaba liye kwelinye izwe ukuthola ukunyakaza kwenkanyezi. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bezwe buncane kakhulu ezihlobene nezinkanyezi.
Ukuze kube lula kanye nezilinganiso ezinembile ngokwengeziwe, obonayo uhlala endaweni efanayo, kepha izilinganiso zenziwa ngesikhathi sesigamu sonyaka. Ezinyangeni ezi-6, umhlaba, ukuguquka kwelanga, kuzoshintshela endaweni ephambene nomjikelezo, futhi umcwaningi uzothola ibanga eliphakeme phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili. I-infler izoba yi-parallax, ama-parsekops amaningi enkanyezi.
Kungenzeka ukukala ibanga nemizimba engaphandle kwe-Milky Way kuphela. Ososayensi bagxile ekukhazimulweni kwenkanyezi-cefeide, ukuqubuka kwama-supernovae futhi akuqhathanise nezinye izinto ezaziwayo. Futhi ibanga emithaleni ekude, lapho izinkanyezi zingabonakali, kunqunywa ngokubheka ukuthunyelwa kwemigqa endaweni yazo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: I-Polar Star iyi-cefeide ejwayelekile, eyaziwayo ukuyishintsha - ingashintsha ukukhanya. Kodwa-ke, muva nje, i-Polar Star ihlukaniswa ukukhanya okuzinzile. Ibanga layo kusuka emhlabathini - amaphasela ayi-137.
Ukukalwa kwamabanga ukuya ezinkanyezini nemithala kunokulandelana okuthile. Ngezinto ezitholakala kakhulu, kusetshenziswa izindlela ze-radar ne-parallax. Ukuze kude - Hlaziya ukukhanya futhi ushintshe ku-spectrum ye-Tel.
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