NgoFebhuwari 18, umhlaba wonke uzokugcina ukufika komncintiswano we-marsode eMars. Kuhlelwe ukuthi ukuphikelela - "ukuphikelela" ekuhumusheni isiRussia - kuzofika cishe ngehora lesi-23: 55 eMoscow ngesikhathi se-Crater Jeretero. Uma ukufika kuphumelele, iqembu leNASA lizohlola zonke izinhlelo zeMarshode nemishini yazo izinyanga eziningana. Inhloso yendawo yokuhlala "Ukuphikelela" kwiplanethi ebomvu, eyayikade ifudumele futhi, mhlawumbe, noma ilungele impilo, ukutadisha isifunda sasendulo saseMars - i-Crater Jeretero. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukwakhiwa kwendalo yemvelo kuhlakazekile kulo lonke elase-crater, kuwukubeka phambilini phambilini emhlabeni wonke kwakukhona amanzi, kufaka phakathi izinsalela echibini naseMfuleni Delta. Ukutadisha lokhu kwakhiwa kwalezi zinhlobo lapho bekungakabi khona i-spacecraft eyodwa - kuzonikeza i-NASA ithuba elihle lokuphendula impilo yaphakade yokuthi ngabe ikhona yini impilo yaphakade eMars. Muva nje, kumagazini we-Natural, izithombe ezinemininingwane yashicilelwa ukuthi ukubekezela okuphumelelayo kokuphikelela kufanele kubukeke kanjani.
Lapho kuzokhuthazela khona umhlaba?
I-Crater Jeretero - indawo ekhethekile. Ukuphikelela kwe-Hex kuzokuhlola njengerobhothi le-veologist. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, bese ekugcineni konyaka wabo wokuqala Martian ebusweni - isikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka emibili esemhlabeni - IMyelier izoba namakhilomitha angaphezu kwama-15 futhi izosetha kabusha amasampula, azobe esesetha kabusha Umhlaba weMartian, lapho i-spacecraft yesikhathi esizayo izokwazi ukuyiqoqa - lokhu kuzoba nomzamo wokuqala wokubuyisa amatshe eMartian phansi.
Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi izinkulungwane zezigidi zeminyaka edlule, umfula wawela eJereter evela entshonalanga, esakazeka echibini elikhulu eligcwalisa i-crater. Amatshe edidary aphumile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwakha i-delta enomumo wabalandeli. Ngalesi sizathu, enye yezinhloso 'zokuphikelela' kuzoba ukufuna izinto eziphilayo emadwaleni e-River Delta, ezingakhombisa ukuthi amagciwane noma ezinye izindlela zokuphila ziye kulesi sifunda.
Ezweni leDelta, njenge-Mississippi River Delta, aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezibola izinsalela zezitshalo nezinye izinto. Uma kwenzeka kwenzeka into efanayo ku-Delta Jeretero, khona-ke uMercurier kungenzeka athole izinsalela zento ephilayo. Qaphela ukuthi ngoFebhuwari umsebenzi ngasikhathi sinye, amazwe amathathu - i-United States, i-UAE neChina yafika eplanethi ebomvu. Ngeminye imininingwane mayelana noMnyango, ngatshela kule ndatshana.
Ufuna njalo ukwazi izindaba zakamuva ezivela emhlabeni wesayensi nobuchwepheshe obuphakeme? Bhalisela isiteshi sethu sezindaba e-Telegraph ukuze ungaphuthelwa lutho oluhehayo!
Enye indawo yokufuna izimpawu zokuphila okwedlule eMars ihambisana namabhange asendulo echibi. Ikakhulu, "Ukuphikelela" kuzofunda amaCliffs e-ARC adlula eDelta futhi ngokufana onqenqemeni lwe-crater. Ukubukwa kwangaphambilini kusuka ku-Orbital Spacecraft cabanga ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zenziwe ngamaminerali e-carbonate, aqabukela ku-Mars, kepha ajwayelekile emhlabeni. I-Carbonates, kufaka phakathi i-limestone, imvamisa ehlotshaniswa nezinto eziphilayo, njengezinsalela zamakhorali, kanye namafosithi agcina izidalwa zangaphambilini, njengama-virus.
Inkinga enkulu yokuphikelela ngemuva kokufika izoba ukutadisha okusheshayo nophumelelayo kwazo zonke lezi zindawo okuhlosiwe neqoqo lesampula. Ochwepheshe beNASA banikeze unyaka owodwa kuphela waseMartian (okulingana cishe neminyaka emibili emhlabeni) ngenhloso 'yokuphikelela.' Ngalesi sizathu, abacwaningi bathuthukisa izindlela lapho iRover ingahamba khona ngemuva nje kokufika. Njengoba ubona, ukusuka lapho i-spacecraft izofika khona, kuncike kakhulu.
Ukufika Marsohoda
Kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-NASA, kubikwa ukuthi i-rover isilungele ukufika. Ngokuhambisana nohlelo, imvelaphi kanye nokufika kuzoqala lapho i-spacecraft ifinyelela ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zomkhathi, isivinini sayo kulesi sigaba kuzoba ngamakhilomitha angama-20,000 ngehora. Kuhlelwe ukuthi ipharashute izovulwa ngesikhathi sehla, ngemuva kwalokho isembozo esivikelayo sihlukanisiwe. Kepha ukunciphisa ijubane ledivayisi kufanele lithole izinjini zokubhuqa zemodyuli yokutshala.
Ukuzithoba uqobo, ukuthi yibaphi ochwepheshe bama-ejensi abuhlukile ngokuthi "imizuzu eyisikhombisa eyethusayo" bayoba nokuzimela ngokuphelele. Njengoba kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-11 ukuthola isinali lomsakazo kusuka kuma-Mars, akunakwenzeka ukulawula i-rover emhlabathini. Ngaleso sikhashana, lapho iqembu labaphathi lithola isibonakaliso esithi "Ukuphikelela" singene emkhathini, idivaysi izoba ngaphezulu kweplanethi ebomvu.
Bheka futhi: Idivayisi yaseChinese "Tianewean-1" yenza isithombe esisha seMars
Izithombe zokuqala zobuso beMars, zenziwe zisebenzisa amakhamera wokuphikelela, zizodluliselwa emhlabathini kungekudala ngemuva kokufika okuhleliwe. Khumbula ukuthi kukhona amakhamera angama-23, amamakrofoni namanye amadivaysi ahlose ukwenzazelela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifundo ze-Studysance Case. Ekwakhiweni, yenzani nokuhlolwa kwamakamelo we-marshade kwahamba iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Ngabe uzobukela ukufika komlando "wokuphikelela" kuMars?