Kuze kube manje, imboni yamakhemikhali yaseRussia ayifakiwe emazweni aphezulu akhiqiza imikhiqizo ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe. Okokuqala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amakhemikhali aphansi aphansi athuthukiswe kabi eRussia: isabelo sayo sokukhiqizwa kwe-petrochemical asikho ngaphezu kwe-5%. Ngasikhathi sinye, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, lesi sibalo sifinyelela kuma-40%.
Ezweni lethu akukho ukushoda kwesisekelo sezinto ezingavuthiwe, futhi ngokumelene nesizinda semali eshibhile yezinto zokwakha, isabelo sokuthumela kwaso siyakhula. Ukuthembela kwaseRussia kwisimo sentengo ye-Global Prices for izinsizakusebenza eziluhlaza kuholela ekukhuleni okuphoqelelwe kokuthumela ngaphandle kwezinto ezishibhile ezingabizi, okuvela kuzo, izinkampani zaseNtshonalanga zenza imikhiqizo yethu yamakhemikhali aphezulu futhi zinikeze inzuzo yazo. Ngasikhathi sinye, iRussia yizwe elinamandla amakhulu abonakalayo - acishe alingeneme ngokumelene nemvelaphi yabaholi bomhlaba.
Izinkampani eziningi ezindlini namuhla zihlolile ubuchwepheshe obungaphansi kwe-Europe ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo etholakele, kepha ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okuphansi okuphansi, isikhathi sabo sokukhokha sithatha iminyaka engama-25. Ezingeni lombuso, azikho izinhlelo ezingezansi zesikhashana zesikhathi eside ezimbonini ezinjalo. Emibandela yokuntuleka kwemithombo yokuxhaswa kwezimali, amabhizinisi ezimboni awakwazi ukwethula amakhono amasha, angenise amakhono amasha, kunzima ngawo ukuya ezingeni elisha lezobuchwepheshe.
Uhulumeni uyakuqonda ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezisezingeni eliphakeme kudinga ukusekelwa kombuso, futhi lezi zinhlelo zithuthukiswa, kodwa ngeshwa, ngenkathi zihamba kancane. Izimo zezinhlelo zesikweletu zasebhange zomkhakha wezimboni azihlanganisi ekwakhiweni kwamabhizinisi: isikhathi esifushane sokubolekwa, amanani aphezulu.
Uma sikhuluma ngedijithali, khona-ke imboni yamakhemikhali yaseRussia isesigabeni sokuqala soshintsho ekusetshenzisweni okugcwele kobuchwepheshe bedijithali. Ngenqubekela phambili kulolu hlangothi, ngokuyinhloko kuyadingeka ukwakha isu elihlangene embonini yamakhemikhali, ukusekelwa kombuso ngezinhlelo zedijithali, kanye nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda elahlekile yezimboni edingekayo ukuze kuguqulwe ngokugcwele.
Kepha nakanjani siya phambili: Isibonelo, ngokwesibonelo, ngenyanga edlule saziwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwamazinga kazwelonke ukuze kukhiqizwe amazinga ama-smart eRussia, okwakha isisekelo sokwenza amakhono amabili amasha emkhakheni we "Imboni 4.0". Bazinikele ezinhlelweni zezezimboni ezibonakalayo kanye nokuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali nezinhlelo ze-IT ezivela emabhizinisini ezimbonini. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwakhiwe izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezijwayelekile zazo zonke izinkampani zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme, njengoba umphumela ozosheshisa kahle imali yedijithali yemboni yasekhaya.
Ngasikhathi sinye, namuhla kunezinkinga eziningi ku-chimothy, ezivimbela izinqubo eziningi. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zokuvimbela, ngombono wami, yisizukulwane samanje sabaphathi, esasungulwa ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyi-15-25 edlule futhi asizange ngaso sonke isikhathi sabelana ngesifiso sokwenza izinto ezintsha.
Kaningi kuvame ukuthola iziqu zamanyuvesi akhethekile akwazi ukwethula ubuchwepheshe bedijithali kumabhizinisi embonini, ahlangane ngokungaqondi kobuholi nokungathembi. I-Diriditalization iqala ngokuguqulwa kwesiko lebhizinisi, ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kokucabanga okusha ezingeni lenkampani kubalulekile, esikuzama ukukwenza ku-VKHZ.
Namuhla, ukuxhaswa kombuso kanye nokukhanga kwezimali kwamabhizinisi embonini yamakhemikhali kuhlobene nemisebenzi yesimanjemanje, idijithali futhi kunciphisa umthelela omubi emvelweni. Amabhizinisi emboni yamakhemikhali kufanele abe yi-locomotive yokukhula komkhakha wezomnotho waseRussia ongavumi, kodwa kulokhu, imboni yamakhemikhali nayo kufanele idlulise ukuguqulwa okukhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubambisana nabaphenyi abasebasha kuyiphuzu elibalulekile lokukhula kwamabhizinisi aphezulu aphezulu namhlanje, kusebenza ku-HIMPROM, njengoba uhlelo lokungeniswa esikhundleni semboni yamakhemikhali enziwa eRussia. Ukwanda kokutshalwa kwemali kulo mkhakha kubalwa ngama-ruble trillion.
Izinkampani zamakhemikhali eRussia empeleni azisebenzisi i-puncestem yemvelo yokusesha nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha. Ukuxhumana okwenziwe ngenganele phakathi kwezinkampani, amanyuvesi kanye nabaphakeli bamaqembu acwaningisisiwe. Namuhla, enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zososayensi ukuletha imibono yabo emkhiqizweni, futhi osomabhizinisi bayingxoxo nososayensi, ngoba ukuxhumana kwenzeka ngezilimi ezihluke ngokuphelele. Konke lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukuncintisana kweRussia emakethe yomhlaba wonke embonini yamakhemikhali.
Ngasikhathi sinye, nginesiqiniseko sokuthi eRussia kunamaqembu amaningi anekhono akwazi ukuguqula izimakethe zendabuko futhi anikeze ubuchwepheshe obusha obusebenzayo nezisombululo. Kungakho sisungule izikhungo zaphakade zokusekelwa kanye nentuthuko yezebhizinisi embonini yamakhemikhali kunoma yisiphi isigaba: "I-VKHZ Accelerator", "ukuthuthukiswa kwe-VHZ" kanye ne- "vhz developty".
Izinhlelo zihlose ukudala amabhizinisi amasha namancane amancane akhona afuna ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo noma ubuchwepheshe obusha esebenzisa imiphumela yocwaningo lwabo lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, nangamandla okuhweba.
Sinikezela ngokuxhaswa okuphelele kwebhizinisi (kwezesayensi, okuphathelene nokuphatha, ezezimali, ukuthengisa kanye nenhlangano) amaphrojekthi athembisa amaphrojekthi wamaqembu esayensi nezinhlaka zomthetho. Isiteji sokuFalulili singaba noma yisiphi - kusuka kubuchwepheshe obuchaziwe ku-Isingeniso somkhiqizo esiqediwe. Isimo esiyinhloko umbono ocacile womphumela wokugcina.