NgoFebhuwari 2021, ubuholi baseBelarusian buveze ukugcizelelwa okusha kwenqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe. Ngesikhathi somhlangano weBelarusian, uMnyango Wezangaphandle weBelarus Vladimir Mamay ngokwenqatshwa kwesifiso sokungathathi hlangothi kufakwe kuMthethosisekelo. Futhi ngokwemiphumela kaMongameli waseRussia neBelarus, uVladimir Putin no-Alexander Lukashenko, amaqembu abuyela ekufundweni "kwamamephu omgwaqo" ekujuleni kokuhlanganiswa kwenyunyana. Engxoxweni ekhethekile ne-Eurasia.Expert, usihlalo wekomidi loMkhandlu Wezemicimbi wezindaba zamazwe omhlaba, iKonstantin Kosachev, ihlaziye ukuthi izinguquko zomthethosisekelo zithinta kanjani ubudlelwano be-Russian-Belarusian.
- Konstantin iosifovich, February 11, ngesikhathi soMhlangano Wabantu BaseBelarusian, inhloko yoMnyango Wezangaphandle uVladimir Mamay uthe "isifiso sokungathathi hlangothi esinqunyelwe kuMthethosisekelo awuhambelani nesimo samanje." Yini, ngombono wakho, lesi sitatimende siyachazwa, futhi sisho ukuthini ngeRussia?
- Ngihlanganyele emhlanganweni wabantu baseBelarusian futhi, kunjalo, wadonsela ukunaka kwalesi sitatimende nguNgqongqoshe. Kwasekelwa enkulumweni yokugcina nguMongameli waseBelarus kaMnu Lukashenko, yize, ukugcizelelwa, lokhu akusekho isinqumo, kepha omunye wemibono engasetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa uhlelo olusha lomthethosisekelo waseBelarusian. Kusenezinto eziningi okufanele zenzeke unyaka wonke wokusebenza kuleli phrojekthi entsha - inkokhelo kufanele ihleleke ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo. Ngakho-ke ngithanda ukucacisa ukuthi ngenkathi lo ngumqondo, futhi ekugcineni ukubonwa kwawo kuzokuqala kuncike kwintando yezakhamizi zaseBelarus.
Uma sikhuluma empeleni, lapho, sibiza izinto ngamagama akho, lokhu okujwayelekile koMthethosisekelo wamanje waseBelarus sekuyisikhathi eside kuhlukaniswe kwangempela kwangempela. IBelarus ingumhlanganyeli ogcwele futhi ogcwele ogcwele e-Union State, kanye nohlaka lwawo, nakwizinhlelo zisetshenziswa ezingahambisani nesimo sokungathathi hlangothi sanoma yiluphi uhlangothi.
Okwesibili, iBelarus iyilungu eligcwele eligcwele futhi eligcwele lenhlangano yezivumelwano zokuvikeleka ezihlanganisiwe, futhi le yiNhlangano Yezokuvikela, inhlangano yezempi, okungukuthi, futhi idizayini ukuthi i-de facto ephambene nesimo sokungathathi hlangothi. Ngakho-ke, ngombono wami, lesi siphakamiso asinawo umbono wokuthi ngandlela-thile ubonakale ubuyekeze lokho kwangempela, manje inqubomgomo ekhona yeBelarus emkhakheni wezokuphepha ayikho ngalokhu. Futhi kumayelana nokuletha imithetho yoMthethosisekelo waseBelarusian ngokuhambisana namaqiniso, ngezinqubomgomo zangempela zeBelarus emkhakheni wezokuphepha. Le nqubomgomo iqhubekele phambili, futhi angiboni lutho olushaqisayo kulokhu, lokhu kungamandla ajwayelekile ngokuphelele, ukuthuthukiswa kwezisekelo zohlelo lomthethosisekelo weBelarus esikhaleni esichazwe yimi, futhi ngiyavuma ukuthi angiboni Imiphumela Esebenzayo Yokuqaliswa kwale Nqubomgomo. Sekuvele kuthambekele eRussia futhi kwamanye amazwe anama-allies eBelarus kwi-CSTO futhi, ngicabanga ukuthi kuzohlala esikhathini esizayo, lapho futhi lokhu kuvamile kunyamalala kuMthethosisekelo wamanje.
- Ngasikhathi sinye, uMongameli waseBelarus Alexander Lukashenko ukuqinisekisile ukulondolozwa kwenkambo yeRiphabhulikhi yezinqubomgomo eziningi ze-republic. Ngabe inqubomgomo ye-vect ye-multis ye-multis ibonwa kanjani eRussia, futhi yimuphi umphumela kumandla wobudlelwano obuphakathi kwezwe?
- Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi iBelarus ingumbuso wobukhosi, futhi iRussia ayikaze ibuze ubukhosi bayo. IBelarus inelungelo lokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zangaphandle azicabangela ezidingekayo. Uma unamathela kwisigama, ungavusa izinkinga lapho kukhona khona ngempela. Asibizeli inqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe aseRussia, kepha empeleni leli gama lisetshenziswa emadodoni amaningi ezimfundiso zaseRussia, futhi inqubomgomo yethu inqubomgomo yaphezulu, siyithuthukisa entshonalanga nasempumalanga, futhi asendaweni eseningizimu, futhi Ilungele ukuhamba kulokhu ukuxhumana kwethu nezwe elizungezile kuze kube manje njengoba abalingani bethu bekulungele lokhu.
Kepha kithi, kunjalo, ngaso sonke isikhathi kubalulekile ukuhlela izinto eziza kuqala kulokhu kubambisana, nakhu okubaluleke ukwedlula ama-vevectors hhayi ukuqondisa, kodwa izinto eziza kuqala. Sihlela kubo ngokusobala, futhi enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukwakha ubuhlobo obunobudlova neRiphabhulikhi yaseBelarus. Kuze kugxilwe okufanayo kwinqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseBelarusian, futhi uMongameli waseBelarus ngenkulumo yakhe eyinhloko emhlanganweni wabantu baseBelarusian wakhomba eRussia njengomlingani wecebo elikhulu, inqobo nje uma kungenjalo kuphela isiqubulo, nokhonkolo, angiboni Noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokuthi uBelarus esho kanjani inqubomgomo yawo yakwamanye amazwe nokuthi wazakhela kanjani ubudlelwano babo namazwe wesithathu. Siyazi ukuthi iBelarus inobudlelwano namasu ne-PRC, siyazi ukuthi kunentshisekelo yokuthuthukisa ubudlelwano nabamakhelwane bawo basentshonalanga, kubandakanya nalabo abase-EU ne-NATO. Ngiyaphinda futhi futhi - kuze kube yilapho izizwa ebudlelwaneni bethu, umsebenzi wokuqaliswa kwesimo senyunyana yaseRussia naseBelarus, konke lokhu kuyiziza okufanele zibe nesimo sengqondo esingaphansi kwalokho esikwenzayo ngezinto ezibonakalayo.
- Ngokubona kwakho, ingabe iBelarus empeleni ehlelweni olusha loMthethosisekelo ukulungisa izinga lokuvulwa kokwakhiwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-Union State nase-Eaeu?
- Nakulokhu futhi ngiphindaphinda i-thesis lapho ngiqale khona. I-Belarus ingumbuso wobukhosi, futhi okuwukuphela komuntu onelungelo lokuthola okuqukethwe komthethosisekelo waseBelarusian ngabantu baseBelarusian. Ngicabanga ukuthi kithina eRussia kuzobe kungalungile ukuqalisa uhlobo oluthile lombono woMthethosisekelo waseBelarus, okufanele ube kulo, futhi okungafanele. Kufanele sihloniphe ubukhosi beBelarus.
Ngiyavuma lokho, yiqiniso, singathanda ukuba ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasesimweni sabahlaselayo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwethu ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-Eaeu, nangaphakathi kohlaka lwe-CST, nangaphakathi kwe-CIS, futhi sikulungele Lungiselela lokhu.
Kepha uma siqala ukuchaza umbono wethu wokuhlanganiswa kwabalingani bethu abahlanganisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela sizovusa ezinye izinkinga, futhi singazixazululi ezikhona. Asikaze sikwenze lokhu, siya phambili ngqo amanani amukelekile futhi athakazelisa kwabanye ababambiqhaza ngokuhlanganiswa. E-Union State - Le Belarus, e-Eaeu - laba bangane abane baseRussia, e-CSTO - abahlanu, e-CIS yeshumi abo, kodwa esimweni ngasinye sikulungele ukubheka izintshisekelo zalabo Bamba iqhaza kukho. Nokuthi abalingani bethu benquma kanjani isimo sabo kulokhu kuhlanganiswa ngokuzibophelisa ezihlatshelweni zabo zikazwelonke noma esigabeni somthetho, ezimenyezelayo ezithathwe yi-National ParliAments noma ezinhlelweni zezepolitiki zamaqembu - konke ukuhlanganiswa kwezwe ngalinye . Ngakho-ke, nika ezinye izincomo kubalingani baseBelarusian mayelana nalokho okufanele kufakwe kuMthethosisekelo wabo, futhi okungafanele nakanjani, ngeke nakanjani, ngokuqonda ukuthi uhlangothi lwaseRussia luya ngokusobala ngejubane eliphakeme kakhulu. Ukunyuswa Izindlela zokuhlanganisa ukuhambisa.
- Yiziphi izimo ezingakhulisa isimo eBelarus nasebudlelwaneni baseRussia - baseBelarusian esikhathini esizayo esiseduze? Yimiphi imiphumela okufanele kulindelwe kusukela ezingxoxweni zabamongameli baseBelarus naseRussia?
- Iqiniso lokuthi lezi zingxoxo zenzeka uphawu lokuthi sisengxoxweni engaguquki, nokuthi le ngxoxo inesithakazelo esikhulu kwingxoxo, noma ngabe zizama kanjani ukuphazamisa le ngxoxo. Ngakho-ke, ngamukela kuphela iqiniso lomhlangano. Ngokwemiphumela yalo mhlangano, futhi ngalokho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imiyalo eyengeziwe emisha yanikezwa ohulumeni kanye nemikhandlu yezokuphepha, izakhiwo zephalamende (Yebo, lena akuyona imiyalo, kepha izincomo). Futhi konke lokhu kusikisela ukuthi inkhulumomphendvulwano akuyona into ememezela, kodwa ekhethekile ne-pragmatic, esetshenzisiwe, futhi nginokweneliseka.
Ubudlelwano bethu buzohamba kancane kancane, asivumeli nakanjani, kodwa sizama ukucacisa. Futhi manje esigabeni sokugcina kunomsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu wokuhlaziya ukuze unqume umbono wamasu wamathemba wokuhamba kwethu okuhlangene phambili.
Kucace bha ukuthi kusukela lapho kusayina isivumelwano esingokwesivumelwano seNyunyana, ngaphezu kwekota yekhulu leminyaka kudlulile, kwathi ezinye izikhundla ziyenziwa. Futhi ezinye izikhundla azenziwa, ngoba asibuyiseli ezinye - ngoba impilo idluliselwe phambili futhi kwavela ukuthi isivumelwano esisodwa noma esinye isivumelwano asisahambelani nezintshisekelo zamaqembu, noma ukuqonda kwabo ukuthi sidinga kanjani ukuhlangana ndawonye. Sinentshisekelo ngokuphelele ekuqhubekeni kwephrojekthi yase-United States, le phrojekthi iyaphumelela nokuthi inekusasa elikhulu elithembisayo. Yebo, okokuqala, umnotho (noMongameli uLukashenko bavame ukusho ngakho), angisiboni isidingo sokuphikisana nayo. Ngasohlangothini lwethu kunokuzimisela ukusabalalisa ukuxhumana kwethu ngenani elikhulu lezinkambo ezintsha, kepha uma uhlangothi lwaseBelarusian lungakulungele lokhu, kusho ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esengeziwe, futhi nakanjani sizofika.
- Yini amathuba okutholwa kwamamephu womgwaqo ukuze ajule ukuhlanganiswa ku-Union State, futhi yini abangayishintsha ebudlelwaneni bamaRussia-Belarusian?
- Ngizokwenqaba ukuphawula ngamashejuli athile okusebenza kula mamephu womgwaqo (ngemuva kwakho konke, lo ngumsebenzi womsebenzi wezinkonzo neminyango emibili, ohulumeni bamaKomidi Womabili, kunjalo, iKomidi Lenyunyana). Thina, amaPhalamende, ngaso sonke isikhathi sihlinzeka ngosizo okungenzeka kulo msebenzi uma ukuqinisekiswa kudinga, sizilungiselele ngemodi ebaluleke kakhulu. Kwabanye, ngikwazi ukuqinisekisa kuphela ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa kakhulu futhi usebenza kakhulu kanye nezingxoxo kulo msebenzi, okusobala futhi okungekho emthethweni, okuphezulu kakhulu kunalabo abahlala ekuzuzeni phakathi kwezindlela zamaqembu. Ukungavumelani kuyagcinwa, kepha bayasebenza futhi basuswa ngokungaguquki ku-ajenda.
Umemezele uMaria Mamzelkina