Cabanga ngendalo yokubhala yomshini wesibungu onomklamo wokuqala, wokuhlanganisa ongakwenza ngokoqobo ukuze uthole izikhathi ezimbalwa. Lonke design lingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili - i-chassis elandelwayo kanye nengxenye kagesi ezohlinzeka ngokulawulwa okukude komshini kusuka ekulawulweni okukude.
Ukukhiqiza i-Chassis
Akuthathi izinto eziningi kakhulu: isibungu sizoqhutshwa ngamabhokisi ama-gearbox, isisekelo sawo wonke umklamo sizoba yingxenye encane ye-plywood obukhulu, uzodinga futhi amasondo ambalwa epulasitiki lapho amacimbi amacimbi azojikeleza khona. Ngomshini, ungasebenzisa cishe noma yimaphi ama-gearboxes afanele ama-gearbox, ophuzi "ophuzi", ongatholakala ezitolo eziningi zezakhi zomsakazo, noma uthenge ku-gear isilinganiso inani elifanele..
I-Gearbox ngayinye ithola imisele emibili, i-shaft eyodwa kuphela ezosebenza nge-chassis yesibungu, i-shaft eyodwa kuphela izobandakanyeka, okwesibili kungasuswa nakancane noma shiya uma le motors isadingeka kwamanye amaphrojekthi. Kuyadingeka ukubopha amasondo emigodini - ukuyenza isheshe, ukugoqa isikulufa ngokwayo esihlahleni uqobo (ngaphakathi kungenalutho), ngakho-ke, amasondo azolala kahle. Ukuze uthole ukulungiswa okwengeziwe, futhi ukuze ungakhulisi izikulufa, ungakwazi kakhulu ukuxhumana nge-glue. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi isondo liphindwe kabili - kukhona igebe phakathi kwelinye lamasondo cishe ngo-3-4 mm, isibungu sizolungiswa nalo.
Ama-motors ahlelwe engxenyeni ye-plywood ehlala isikhathi eside, usayizi wawo ungakhethwa ngokunqumela, kuya ngosayizi abalufunayo bomshini. Azikho izindawo ezisebenzayo zokubopha lezi zinto zegiya ezingahlinzekiwe, ngakho-ke ngabalalela besebenzisa i-thermoclase - izinduku ezinhle zokunamathela zinikeza indawo esezingeni eliphezulu, njengoba kuboniswe okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle.
Okulandelayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwemoto, kuyadingeka ukuvikela amakhona ukuze uthole i-eksisi yamasondo angaphambili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngincoma kakhulu ukusebenzisa imininingwane evela kumqambi wensimbi wezingane - lapho ungathola khona amakhona ahleliwe ngezimbobo. Lapho ugaya umgodi ku-plywood, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi ngokuzayo kuzothatha ukulungiswa kwengxabano yebukhwe, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukumba umugqa wezimbobo obusebude obuyi-1-16 cm, okuyinto Bese uhlanganisa ungene kwi-oblong slot eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, yonke i-axle yangaphambili izobuyela emuva, ilungisa ama-bolts endaweni oyifunayo.
Umgodi ezimbobo ezisezinkomeni, kulula ukusebenzisa i-M4, unikeza ubulukhuni obanele futhi ulungele izimbobo ezingxenyeni zomqambi wensimbi. Isithende kumele sibe nzima ukubopha emakhoneni, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa amantongomane ngokulungiswa kwalesi sifo, awazipholisi lapho umshini uzoqala ukugibela. Ezinhlangothini, amasondo afanayo afakiwe afakwa ngemuva ngemuva, ngegebe elifanayo elifanayo. Amasondo kufanele ajikeleze ngokukhululeka kwi-eksisi, kungenzeka ukukunikeza ngamantongomane afanayo anokulungiswa. Sicela wazi ukuthi amasondo kwesobunxele nakwesokudla kufanele ajikeleze ngokuzimela komunye nomunye. Amasondo anjengalawa ngawathatha umklami wensimbi efanayo, kepha ungasika okufanayo nobabili ngepulasitiki, noma kusuka kumakhadibhodi aminyene, uma uligoqa ezingxenyeni eziningana ne-glue.
Ukukhiqiza amacimbi
Kunzima ukucabanga, kepha, amacimbi amahle kakhulu ane-clutch enhle atholakala ku-PVC bath rug, ungayithola cishe kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezimpahla zasendlini. I-rug enjalo iqukethe "imichilo" ehlukahlukene eguquguqukayo, exhumeke imicu ehambisanayo, okudingekayo ukudala isibungu. I-Ribbon inqunywe iribhoni elinobubanzi obuyi-1.5-2 cm, kufanele lilingane nobubanzi bamasondo asetshenzisiwe.
Ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukunamathisela itheyipu emasondweni anamathiselwe ku-chassis futhi uyinqume ubude obudingekayo, khona-ke ukuphela kwembabhoza kudinwe nge-superclaim. Ngemuva kwe-glue dries, ungazama isibungu e-chassis futhi uvule imoto - isibungu sizojikeleza, kepha sizowela ngokushesha emasondweni.
Ukuze isibungu singaweli emasondweni, noma ngabe umshini wesikhathi esizayo uzosusa izithiyo, udinga ukwenza ama-convex ame enkabeni yesibungu. Lapho bezungeza, bazowela egebe phakathi kwamasondo, ngaphandle kokunikeza isibungu ukuze sisuke. Ungenza iziteshi ezinjalo ngezindlela eziningi, nginqume ukunamathela emidlalweni yesigcawu ngasinye sezibungu, njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho kuboniswa, le ndlela yavela ukuthi iyisisebenzi futhi nokungezwani okwanele kwesibungu akuzange kulunge nhlobo. Imidlalo inqunywa ezingxenyeni zobude obungu-5-6 mm futhi igcotshwe, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi, wonke ama-superchalters afanayo ayasetshenziswa - iqinisekisa amandla amahle okuxhumeka kwe-PVC mat impahla.
Zonke izenzo ezifanayo zidinga ukwenziwa ngesibungu sesibili. Ngemuva kokunamathela amacimbi, ungafunda ulungele - manje anethemba ku-chassis futhi asevele ahlole ukuthi umshini wesikhathi esizayo uzohamba kanjani, ukondla ugesi webhethri ngqo kuzo zombili izimoto. Uma kunesidingo, kuyadingeka ukuguqula amabutho wengxabano - buthaka kakhulu isibungu sizowucima noma uxhase, futhi okwelule kakhulu kuzojikeleza ngokuqinile, kunomthwalo owengeziwe emotweni.
Ingxenye kagesi
Engxenyeni kagesi, kuzodingeka amabhodi amaningana: owemukelayo kanye namakhadi okudlulisa okudlulisa imiyalo kusuka ekulawulweni okukude, okukhulisa abaguquli ukuthi basebenzise ama-motors, kanye namabhodi "amabhuloho" ukuze ajikeleze ngamunye we-motors kuzo zombili izinkomba. I-General Scheme injalo - ibhodi leTransmitter lizofakwa kwikhonsoli, ibhodi yemukela emshinini chassis. Abaguquli abaguqukayo baguqula ama-voltage avela kumabhethri (3.7 - 4.2 volts) kuya ku-7-8 volts, lapho ama-motors azovele adla khona. Uma ama-motors akhula ngesivinini esanele futhi ngokuqondile ebhethri, khona-ke ama-transcumers awakwazi ukufakwa. Ukujikeleza kwe-motor ukujikeleza kuzoba yi-Bridge circuits - amacebo akhethekile anokudluliswa kwensimu enganikeza ama-voltage noma ubumbano olulodwa lokukhipha, noma okunye, kuya ngokuthi yikuphi ukufakwa (ngo-1 noma ngo-2) kuzothola isiginali yokulawula kusuka ebhodini lokuthola. Ekuqaleni, sibheka amacebo we-transmitter kanye nokwamukelayo, amelwe ngokulandelana.
Ukuze ulunge, le mibuthano ibizwa ngokuthi i-encoder ne-decoder, kanye ne-transmitters kanye ne-transmitter kanye ne-transmitters amamojula we-RX-TX asuselwa kubusuku obungu-433 MHz, angathengwa kalula ku-Ali noma ezitolo eziningi zezakhi zomsakazo -
Imojula ngalinye linoxhumana nabo abathathu bokuxhuma - ama-plus amandla, minus, kanye noxhumana naye wedatha wokudlulisela noma idatha. Izinhlelo ezingenhla ezingenhla zinikeza uhlelo lokudlulisela idatha, okuvumela ukuthi ucubungule ukucindezela izinkinobho ezi-5. Ukulawula umshini wokubhala, uzodinga iziteshi ezi-4 kuphela (phambili, emuva, kwesokudla, kwesobunxele), ngakho-ke isiteshi sesi-5 sihlala sikhululekile futhi singasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwanoma yimiphi imigomo, ngokwesibonelo, singashintshana. Oxhumana nabo be-TXD ne-RXD ku-Circuits baxhumeke ngokufanele koxhumana nabo bedatha be-transmitter nokwamukelayo, kulo lonke uhlelo, elula futhi aludingi izincazelo. Amavolumu okuphakela amacebo ngokwawo angama-3.5-5 volts, noma kunjalo, uma usetha izitebele ezingama-78l0l05 (zibhalwe kumidwebo), khona-ke ungadla kusuka ku-voltage 7 noma ngaphezulu Volt. Amabhodi wokuphrinta ahlinzeka zombili izinketho, udinga ukufaka kuphela uku-jumpers ezindaweni ezifanele. Ukusetshenziswa emshinini, amandla nakwamukelayo, futhi i-transmitter ingenziwa ngqo kusuka kumabhethri ngaphandle kokuqina. Kuzo zonke izinhlelo kukhona i-microcontroller - kumele zikhanyise nge-firmware ehambisanayo, i-firmware isengobonweni kanye namafayela amabhodi.
Kwenziwa ikhonsoli
Njengenye yezinketho, ungasebenzisa okukude okuqediwe kusuka kumathoyizi athile aphukile / angenasidingo somsakazo uma kunendawo eyanele ngaphakathi kuyo ukufaka i-Encoder Board. Noma ungenza owakho kude, njengoba ngenzile. Njengesisekelo, enye inxeshana ye-plywood esetshenzisiwe, ifakwe kumnikazi we-IT yebhethri 18650, imali enamakhodi enesimo esitholwayo, kanye nezinkinobho ezi-4, zibabeke zokwandisa ukulawulwa. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ibhodi le-coder selivele liqukethe izindawo zokwakha ibhodi - ukufakwa kwazo kungakhethwa, ngaphandle kokuhlola ukusebenza ngemuva komhlangano. Izinkinobho zokusebenza ziboniswa ezivela emabhodini ezindongeni, njengasezithombeni ezingezansi.
Ukufakwa kwama-elekthronikhi ku-chassis
E-chassis uqobo, ngaleyo ndlela, ngaphandle kwebhodi le-decoder elinemodyuli eyamukelayo, amabhodi amabili "amabhuloho" azofakwa, kanye nabaguquli ababili. Ukusetshenziswa kwabaguquli ababili, ngamunye ngamunye ngemoto ngayinye, kuhle ngoba kuzokwazi ukulungisa ijubane lesibungu ngasinye. I-motor gear, yize efanayo, kepha isenokuhlukahluka kwamapharamitha, ngakho-ke, ngisho nangamandla afanayo okuphakelayo, kunganikeza amavolumu ahlukile, ukuguqula ama-voltage okukhipha ngokuphelele kungatholwa ngejubane elifanayo. I-SkotsKy ngesivinini, noma esincane, izoholela eqinisweni lokuthi umshini ngeke uqhubeke ngokuqinile, kodwa ngethuba elincane. Ungabona wonke amabhodi adingekayo ukuze kufakwe ku-chassis ngezansi.
Izithombe ezinemininingwane yebhodi le-decoder. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi, njenge-Coder Board, inama-capacitors amaningana okusebenza kwamandla - nakanjani ngeke akwazi ukuba ngamadivayisi anamadivayisi ane-mictocontroller.
Yakha uhlelo lwebhuloho
Kuzobonakala - lapho kudingeka khona uhlobo oluthile lwe-Bridge, ngoba lwanele ngosizo lwesihluthulelo sokuhlinzeka ngama-voltage kuma-voltage kuma-voltage. Futhi empeleni akudingekile uma umshini wokubhala angadingeki emuva - futhi umkhuba ukhombisa ukuthi akanandaba ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwawo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa uhlelo oluncane olwengeziwe, oluzohlinzeka ngoshintsho olukhulu lwemoto. Izinguquko zePolarism - ukuqondiswa kokushintshashintsha.
Injini ixhumeke kulolu hlelo, futhi iqukethe okufakwayo okubili - in1 no-2, amavolovo amathathu angeniswe kokufaka okukodwa - injini ihanjiswa kwelinye - i-motor ijikeleza kwelinye uhlangothi. Uma i-voltage ingasebenzi noma yikuphi ukufakwa, noma ihlinzekwa kokufakwayo kokubili ngokushesha - Imoto ayiguquki, lokhu kuwukuqonda okulula komsebenzi. Umdwebo unezinto ezi-4 zokudluliswa kwensimu ezoshintsha imoto, ngakho-ke kufanele zibalwe ngentengo enkulu yokwanele. Ababili babo bayisiteshi se-N-CHANCH, ungasebenzisa i-AO3400, ezinye iziteshi ezimbili ze-P-, ezifanele AO3401. Futhi ku-DIAGRAM Kunezinto ezimbili zokuhamba nge-bipolar npn transistors, i-BC847 ilungele noma enye into efanayo. Ukuze ungathathi isikhala esiningi ku-chassis, ngincoma ukuhlanganisa lolu hlelo ezingxenyeni ze-SMD. Ama-Diodes afana, ngokwesibonelo, 1n4148w. Ekufakweni kwamandla kwalolu hlelo (kuqokwe njengo-12 v), ugesi ovela kwiConverter uyanikezwa. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi uhlelo ludinga ukuqoqwa ngamakhophi amabili - ngemoto yesobunxele nesokudla, zizonikwa amandla ngokufanele zisuka komunye futhi zivela kwisiguquli sesibili. Izithombe zamabhodi wesifunda aqoqiwe ngezansi.
Manje usungaqhubeka ngqo nokufakwa - futhi okokuqala kufanelekile ukufaka okumbalwa okubambile ngaphezulu kwe-chassis amabhethri angama-18650, wonke ama-elekthronikhi azonikwa amandla, amabhethri axhunyiwe ngokufana.
Ngaphambi kwamabhethri, phambi kwe-decoder, i-decoderr board ifakiwe, ungayixhuma ngokushesha ngokushintshela oxhumana nabo abanikazi. Ukuze kube lula, kufakwa ama-LED ama-5 kuleli bhodi - ama-LED ahambisanayo azokhanya lapho ukhiye wokude ucindezelwa.
Engxenyeni engezansi, ngaphansi kwe-chassis, i-pair of anculisters kanye ne-patcheres inamathiselwe. Masinyane, konke kuhlobene nezintambo - okokufaka kwabaguquli ngokusebenzisa switch kuya kubahloli, okuphumayo kweConverter ukondla amabhodi amabhuloho, nangokuphuma kwamabhuloho. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-motors ngaphansi komthwalo angadla okuphezulu kakhulu, ngokulandelana, kokufakwa kwabaguquli, okudliwayo kuzoba cishe izikhathi ezi-2 futhi amaphuzu athile angafinyelela kuma-amps ayi-1-1,5, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka nikeza amandla izintambo ezimisele ngokwanele.
Okokugcina, isigaba somhlangano wokugcina sihlala - udinga ukuxhuma imiphumela ye-decoder (4 ukuphuma kwe-5) kokufakwa kwamabhuloho (in1, in2) kuzosebenza, ukuze umshini uqhubekele phambili, umshini wasabela indlela oyifunayo. Okungukuthi:
- Ukucindezela "Phambili" - zombili izinjini zijikeleza endaweni eyodwa.
- Ukucindezela "emuva" - zombili izinjini zijikeleza ngaphesheya.
- Ukucindezela "kwesokudla" - Imoto yangakwesobunxele ijikeleza phambili, emuva emuva, umshini wenzeka endaweni yewashi.
- Ukucindezela "kwesobunxele" - Imoto efanele ijikeleza emuva, kwesobunxele phambili, umshini wenzeka ngokuphikisana ngokulinganayo.
- Ukucindezela kanyekanye kwe- "Phambili" kanye ne- "Right" - Imoto yangakwesobunxele ijikeleze phambili, into efanele ikhona khona lapho, kunjalo, ithuba elibushelelezi livela.
- Ukucindezela kanyekanye "phambili" kanye "kwesobunxele" - Ngokufanayo, kodwa ngenye indlela.
Ukusebenzisa i-logic enjalo, udinga ukuxhuma imiphumela ye-decoder to bridge okokufaka ngendlela njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi.
Phansi kwe-decoder kuboniswa ngezansi, kanti enye yazo imahhala, ingasetshenziselwa ezinye izenzo. I-Diodes lapha ungasebenzisa okufanayo 1n4148, uzithengise ngokufaka ngqo emikhawulweni ye-decoder.
Ukuzama
Lokhu kuqediwe kulo mshini, ungafaka amabhethri bese uhlola ukusebenza. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngeke kube ngaphezu kokucaca ukuze uhlole ukusetshenziswa kwamanje - lapho kungekho khona amaqembu kusuka kwikhonsoli, kufanele kube yincane, cishe amashumi amaningana. Ibanga le-console lizoncika kumamojula wokuthola asetshenzisiwe kanye ne-transmitter - imvamisa ahlinzeka ngesizinda sokwamukelwa kwethemba mayelana nemibandela yasemadolobheni, esenele ukulawula umshini. Kuzosiza ukukhulisa okukhulu uhla lwezimpondo, ungathatha izingcezu zocingo zethusi ngobude obungu-17 cm (imvamisa ye-433 MHz) kanye ne-ansor kumamojula "oxhumana nabo" ezintuthwane ".
Ngakho-ke, kwavela ithoyizi elimatasa kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala - amacimbi we-PVC-Rug anikezela nge-clutch enhle kakhulu nanoma yiziphi izindawo, ngakho-ke umshini unqoba kalula izithiyo. Izinzuzo zenketho yenkundla nazo zingabhekiswa ekusetshenzisweni kokulawula - akudingekile ukufaka izindlela ezengeziwe zokuqondisa, konke ukulawula kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokushintshwa kokujikeleza kwamathrekhi. Ukuntuleka kokuklanywa okuchaziwe kwe-chassis kungabizwa nge- "Road Clearance" encane - ama-motors atholakala ngaphansi phansi futhi ahlale esikhaleni esiningi, noma kunjalo, akuphazamisanga injabulo yokushayela, futhi uma ifisa, lokhu kuntuleka Ingaqedwa ngokungeza i-axis eyengeziwe ngamasondo angemuva futhi ibeke ama-motors avela phezulu. Umhlangano ophumelelayo!