UMgcinibisho woMbuso we-Altai Terriality okokuqala ngqa ushicilelwe amadokhumenti avaliwe ngaphambilini ngokucindezelwa ngesikhathi sempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe. Amaqhawe omlando we-archive aqukethe amathuba ahluke ngokuphelele: agcinwe ngabalimele ezibhedlela zamasosha, bafundela izingane, balwa ngaphambili, bakhulisa isinkwa ngemuva. Kepha bonke bahlangene ngeqiniso lokuthi bathola umugqa wesikhathi emakamu okufukuzwa kuwo noma ngisho nesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu sokujeziswa ngesikhathi sempi - njengomthetho, ngokuzama ukusinda, ngokuzama.
"Ngifuna ukumemeza, shayela, khala ..."
Umndeni wezinyoni wathunyelwa eSiberia edolobheni laseBelarusian laseLida. Kungenzeka kwenzeka ngo-1939, lapho iNtshonalanga Belarus ihlangana ne-BSSR. Ngesikhathi kudingiswa, uStanislav naseBronislav Bardovsky enamadodakazi amabili ayesesigodini saseZimari Kalmunsky esifundeni, lapho bangena khona "ipulazi elihlanganyelwe leshumi nambili". Indodakazi yabo u-Elena sonke lesi sikhathi bahola idayari, lapho ekhumbula khona izwe lakubo nge-melancholy.
"Yonke ingcebo embiwe yaphoqeleka ukuba iyeke," u-Elena ubhala kudayari yakhe. - Iminyaka engama-20 yokusebenza kwabasebenzi kanye nesidingo. Konke kwacekelwa phansi yilolu udaka emakhaya, amahhashi nasekuhlaleni. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili, wonke umuntu wayeselungele ukuhamba, athi ukujabulela ukuphelelwa yithemba nezihlobo zawo. Obaba, izingane kanye nezingane ezingenacala zinikezwa ezandleni zesitha esinolaka. Njengoba kunzima ukubheka okokugcina ngobuhlungu, okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nokuphelelwa yithemba ngakwesobunxele sakho, onqenqemeni. O, Nkulunkulu wami, noma ngabe uyaphinde uyibone. "
IBerdovsky yayinepulazi eliqinile: basebenzise amahektha angaphezu kwama-30 omhlaba, bagcina izingulube, izinkomo, imishini yezolimo. ESiberia, njengoba u-Elena abhala, ahlala ubusuku phakathi kwamaqhude nezimbungulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1943 iStanislav Birtovsky ayisasebenzi, ngakho umndeni kwadingeka usinde.
"Inhliziyo ishaya kangangokuba ifuna ukuphuma esifubeni sayo," u-Elena ubhala kwidayari. - Ngifuna ukumemeza, shayela, ukukhala nokuphelelwa yithemba. Kepha ngeze - akekho noyedwa ongenasihawu ukwehlisa umoya, ngoba lapha taiga yiSiberia. Lapha izingane ezilambile zibuzwa: "Umama, isinkwa". Kuneziguli ezidla amahhashi. Sekuvele ukubekezela sekuphelile, udinga ukufa. Ngaphandle kwemithi, ngaphandle kokunakekelwa. Emakamelweni asondele kabi, njengezinkomo, ngemuva kokuhlushwa isikhathi eside, izigxobo zilala - zizondwa. O, lezi zinhlamvu ze-gangsters! Futhi-ke ethuneni elithule phakathi kweziqu eziningi sezivele zinezigxobo. Akazange alindele ukubuya kwezinsuku ezicacile. "
Ngo-Okthoba 30, 1943, uStanislav, oneminyaka engama-70 ubudala nendodakazi yakhe eneminyaka engama-24 ubudala baboshwa ngamacala e-Anti-Soviet Propagwanda. Ubufakazi obukhulu kwakuyidayari, lapho ngesikhathi sephenyo ludluliselwe kusuka ePoland. Cishe-ke, umbhalo uvame ukubonakala kungatholwa lutho. Njengoba kushiwo ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, inyoni "inhlekelele ezimweni zokuphila zabantu abasebenzayo e-USSR" futhi "bahambisa izincwadi ezivuselelayo nokunyundela."
Ku-dayari, u-Elena ubiza "umholi" kaGeneral Vladislav Sikrsky, othi ngemuva kokuhlala ePoland wabhekisa uhulumeni ekudingisweni. Uthemba ukuthi ngolunye usuku izigxobo ziwela inkululeko, futhi ziveze ukucasuka e-USSR.
"Leli izwe elalikiwe lapho bonke abantu banenkinga. Elambile, ephukile, ngaphandle kokholo kuNkulunkulu. Okwamanje asazi ukuthi yini engenzeka kuwe. Ngomzuzu owodwa, akukho lutho oluyosala kuwe, nathi, izigxobo, siyahleka. Ukhuphuke izandla zethu emijondolo emibi, kepha umoya awukwazi ukunyundela. Kepha ake sisezandleni zesikhali, futhi sizokhombisa ukuthi singobani. "
Ubaba nendodakazi eyatholwa yicala ngolunye usuku - ngoJanuwari 10, 1944. Ukubona ngokugcwele icala lecala, bathola iminyaka eyi-10 yamakamu ukuthathwa kwempahla kanye nokunqotshwa kwamalungelo iminyaka emi-5. Yaziwa kuphela ngesiphetho sabo esizayo ukuthi ngo-1992 bobabili bavuselelwa.
Ngobusuku naseminyakeni yokuqala yempi, izakhamizi zaseRiphabhuliki zamaJalimane, ePoland, entshonalanga ye-Ukraine, amazwe aseNtshonalanga Belarus naseBaltic adingiselwa kakhulu endandleni ye-Altai. Iziphathimandla zaseSoviet zazikholelwa ukuthi inani labantu bendawo lizobambisana namaJalimane, ngakho-ke libhekisele kubahlali bezifunda zangaphakathi. Ngokusho kwesikhungo sasePoland senkumbulo kazwelonke, ngemuva kuka-1939, cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-320 izinti eziyizinkulungwane ezidingiselwe eSiberia.
"Ubusuku obubi kakhulu, ebangeni elivezwe ngezinja," kuchaza u-Elena Biryoni usesha ngaphambi kokuxoshwa. - Kunezingxoxo ezinkulu ezikhungweni. Isiphetho sezigxobo ezingezinhle ezingenacala namuhla siwile. Run up ngesikhali ezandleni zabo, ukubukeka kwasendle, njengesilwane esinolaka. Izingane zicindezela omama. Ukukhala nokumemeza, izicelo kanye ne-plea azinakwa. Omunye umi emnyango, onogada. Enye isho okuthile, ikhala, kungabonakala ukuthi kuyasaba, iqiniso lesaba, asikho isibindi esanele. Ukumemeza kwesithathu nakho konke kuphuka. Kumemeza okwesine, okwakuhleli kusofa. Thatha konke ongakwenza ... "
"Woza uzokuhlola wena"
Ngesikhathi seminyaka yempi e-Altai, kanye naseSiberia, azikho izinqubo zezepolitiki eziphakeme namacala amakhulu. Iziphathimandla zizibanda izakhamizi noma yimuphi omunye ngoyedwa noma zizamile ukuhlanganisa amaqembu amancane. Enye yezikhombisi-ndlela zenqubomgomo yokucindezela kwakuwumyalo we-comister yezokuvikela u-Cha. 227 wabhalwa ngoJulayi 28, 1942, ngakho-ke abasebenzi bezempi, abaze bagcina izingxenye zabo ngesikhathi sempi, futhi futhi kubonwe "ekuphazamisweni kwe-anti-soviet".
UVasily Pakhorukov waya empini ehlobo lika-1941. NgoSeptemba 1942, i-700th Krasnoarmeysky ibutho, lapho uSibiryake walwa khona, wema ngaphansi kwe-Stalingrad. Endaweni yesiteshi Biketovka, i-Platoon Pakhakov yenza isigqoko esincane sokuthola inhlangano. Isosha lathuthela ethoyilethi emabini aseduze, kwathi lapho ebuya - kwakungekho purobo endaweni. Isikhali esijwayelekile silahlekile: ibhulashi, ashiya ngalo isibhamu, ashiywe. UVasily wayofuna eyakhe, kwathi ngoSepthemba 5, kwaboshwa ngamunye abantu abaseNKVD.
Ezintweni, leli sosha lathola ipheshana elijwayelekile elihanjiswa amaJalimane ensimini elawulwa yi-Soviet Army. Babize abantu bendawo kanye nama-redalmeys ukuhambisa eceleni kwabo.
"Ezindaweni ezihlalwa amaJalimane, inani labantu basebenza ngokuzolile. Wonke umuntu unezwe lakhe futhi uyakucubungula. Woza uzokuhlola ngokwakho, "kusho uLeafleet.
Kanye naye, uPakhaukova waba nepasipi, elanikeza ophethe amapheshana okuya kumaJalimane. Isosha lalisolwa ngokulondolozwa izincwadi zobuFascist zadubula ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kokuboshwa.
- Amapheshana anjalo ayevame kakhulu emasosheni ethu ngoba ahlakazeka ngezindiza. Amasosha abaphakamisele futhi asetshenziselwa izinjongo zasekhaya: ngokwesibonelo, njengephepha lokubhema ugwayi. Labo ababekwazi ukufunda, bathatha amapheshana ukuze basebenzise njengephepha lapho bebhalela izihlobo. Iphrothokholi ebuzwa ithi i-Vasily Dmitrivich yasebenzisa ipheshana ngezinhloso zasekhaya. Wayephinde asolwa ngemuva kweqembu lakhe. Eqinisweni, kwakuyizinyanga zakhe zokuqala zenkonzo, wayesanda kulahleka, elahlekile futhi efuna iqembu lakhe izinsuku eziningana. Kepha kwaqiniswa isinqumo, "kusho umdwebi wengobo yomlando yoMbuso we-Altai Termentiry Darina Shorin.
Ngo-Okthoba 1942, abasebenzi be-NKVD baphenya ngayo umkhuzi wenkampani yesi-4 ye-74 Battating Battalion yebutho lama-54 eNikolai Kanakov. Lapho ephenywa ngemibuzo, wathi wadlulisela eSergeant Daniline History, naye, uvela kozakwabo. Imininingwane ibingukuthi i-platoon ephelele enezilwanyana zase-Ukraine zithuthela ohlangothini lwamaJalimane. Endleleni eya ePremost Commander yangena emhlanganweni wezicathulo futhi yathi "manje sengiya e-Ukraine." UNikolai Kanakova ugwetshwe iminyaka eyi-10 yamakamu okudumisa amandla esitha. " Ngo-1946, umusho wathambisa iminyaka emi-4.
Ekupheleni kuka-1942, ama-redarmeys aqala ukudubula kakhulu: izwe lalilahlekelwa ukulahleka okuphezulu, izinsizakusebenza, okubandakanya umuntu, asuswe, ngakho abantu bathunyelwa emakamu.
- Isihluku sokujeziswa asikhanselwa, ngoba umsebenzi wamakamu wokuhleleka wawusindayo, kushone abantu abaningi, cishe wonke umuntu wayesehlisiwe, ngoba basebenza njalo emakhazeni, ngezinsimbi. Eminye ayesekhulile - kwakungesona isimo sokunciphisa isijeziso, "kusho uDarin Sherin.
UCaptain of Medical Service Vasily Panfilov wasebenza esibhedlela insimu ukuze akwazi ukuqhubeka kalula ngesisekelo sebutho lezentengiso le-49. Uboshwe ngoJanuwari 1944. Esinqumweni somphenyi wangoMeyi 19, 1944, kwathiwa udokotela ohlinzayo wezempi wasebenza eRed Army kusukela ngo-1919 (waphothula iziqu enyuvesi yezokwelapha eTomsk, wabe esefika e-Altai), kodwa ephuma e-WCP (B) Ngenxa yokubukwa "kwe-anti-soviet ebuholini iqhaza leqembu lezepolitiki." UPanfilova wagwetshelwa izingxoxo nabanye abasebenzi basesibhedlela.
"... uzwakalise zonke izinhlobo zeziphetho ezilwa neSoviet, amalungu ohulumeni baseSoviet, iqembu lamaKhomanisi, uMthethosisekelo weSoviet kanye nokuphila kweSoviet kanye nokuPhila kwezimo zoMbuso wethu. Ngasikhathi sinye, wancoma isitha sabantu baseTrotsky noVandala Hitler ngeqembu lakhe lamaFascist, "kusho lo mbhalo.
Icala lePanfilova lakhiwa ngokuphelele oFakazi. Wathola iminyaka eyi-10 yamakamu, kwathi ngo-1974 i-college yempi yeNkantolo Ephakeme yaqeda isigwebo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwecala. Ngokusho kukaDarina Shorinina, udokotela wezempi wahlupheka ngeqiniso lokuthi wathukuthela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamabhandeshi nemithi, futhi wabheka nesinqumo esingalungile somthwalo wemfanelo kahulumeni wokuya emsebenzini nokushiya indawo yomsebenzi.
"Amandla amahle aseSoviet, kepha abantu abangcolile"
Izisulu zokucindezelwa ensimini yendawo yase-Altai phakathi neminyaka yempi zaba yilabo abasolwa ngokukhubazeka kwesiyalo sabasebenzi, ukwephulwa kohlelo lokuphula isinkwa noma ukufihla okusanhlamvu kwiziphathimandla. NgoNovemba 1941, izakhamizi zasedolobhaneni lase-Ust-Kalmansky District zabuthana efulethini laseKolkhoznika Vidhevayev ukuthi lixoxe ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokufihla okusanhlamvu. Njengoba kushiwo ebufakazini bomqondisi wepulazi elihlanganyelwe eliqanjwe nguKaganovich Anna Spipina, abalimi banquma ukungakuthathi okusanhlamvu kwalo lonke, kodwa ukufihla ingxenye emfucumfucwinisele futhi bazishiye. USpipina akazange adubule, athathe indawo yokujeziswa iminyaka eyi-10 ekamu kanye nokunqotshwa kwamalungelo iminyaka emi-5.
UDarina Sherin uthi: "Isikhundla seNhloko yepulazi elihlanganyelwe sasiyingozi kakhulu phakathi neminyaka yempi. - Ngoba amapulazi ahlanganayo kwakufanele anikele ngesinkwa ngaphambili, kwesinye isikhathi kube yingozi ngokwawo, futhi kwakunzima ukusebenza. Amadoda aphambili ngaphambili.
Umhlambi we-Kuzma Nikiforov wayezodubula, ngoba wayengenazo izingubo zasebusika. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-nikifors awakwazanga ukuya emsebenzini.
- Inkantolo ayizange icabangele ukuguga kwami, ukungafundi kwami nokungazi futhi kwangiphuca impilo. Ngikucela ukuthi ugcine impilo yami, ngoba ngikhathalela impilo yami yonke, "kusho u-Cassation kaNikiforova kaNikiforova. Ngemuva kwalokhu kudluliswa kwecala, inkantolo yathatha indawo isijeziso isikhathi esithile ekamu.
Ngaphezu kwezindaba zezombusazwe. Inhloko yepulazi elihlanganyelwe lesikole sokuqala. UN. K. KRupskaya wagxeka iqiniso lokuthi wabuza eTomsk Diocese imvume yokubuyisela isonto edolobhaneni laseNovotyKino.
- Kunzima ukuza nomuntu waseSoviet owengeziwe obezobe esekela amandla. Wayesolwa ngobuhlanya - Ungayinikela kanjani esikhathini esingeso esikhona! - Kuchaza uDarina Shorin.
Kokunye kwezinhlamvu ngaphambili, indodana yendodana uSilvernikov icela usizo, ngoba abaphathi bebengavunyelwe ukuvuna izinkuni, kanye namakhekhe aseLeningrad Middle School, lapho i-Silvernikov Jr. Yabekwa khona izinzuzo.
"Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uphile kanjalo. Amandla amahle eSoviet, kepha abantu bangcolile. Abantu basendaweni bangamaphakethe. Kepha ukunquma imikhiqizo kusenguye kuye ukuthi kuyadingeka ngaphambili, kepha ngokhuni, okuyi-12 km kude, ngakho-ke kuyihlazo, "kubhala u-Alexey Silvernikov.
- Ngemuva kokuqalwa kwecala lobugebengu, umfazi wasuka kuye, "kusho uShorin. - Lokhu kwaneliswa yimikhuba ejwayelekile emindenini enamalungu awo ashushiswa. Abantu bekufanele bahlukaniswe ukuze wonke amalungu omndeni aphephe. Unkosikazi kaSereblennikov akakwazanga ukuba emva kwalokho edolobhaneni, ukumsiza ukuba akekho, ngakho wahamba. U-Alexey Petrovich ngokwakhe ugwetshwe amakamu okufukuzwa kuwo, kodwa adedelwa ekuseni futhi kamuva alungisiswe - ngawo-1960.
Icala lomhlali oneminyaka engu-29 ubudala uBarnaul Anna Nuretova waba ngomunye wabambalwa abavale ubugebengu obungavikelwe. I-workshop yokufundiswa komdlalo we-melalleal yaboshwa ngoJulayi 1942 ekulaneni komakhelwane. Batshele ukuthi owesifazane wenqabile ukulengiswa embhedeni womfanekiso weNikita Khrushchev waphula. Futhi yize ngo-1941, uNevpotaya usevele eyisigwebo sezinyanga ezi-4 zokuphetha ngokubambezeleka kokuphuza sekwephuze imizuzu engama-45, kulokhu wayenenhlanhla: Umphenyi wanquma ukuthi lo wesifazane wabiwa futhi wavalwa leli cala.
USarnaul Pedial Pedial Pedial Span Zaitsev uthole iminyaka engu-7 yamakamu ukuze athukuthele ngemali yokuqeqeshwa.
- Manje kuphela izingane zamaKhomanisi ezizofunda futhi ezihlala ngokucebile. Kepha akuthathe njengami. Angikwazi ukuqhubeka nokufunda, ngoba sisebabili, kepha azikho imali yokufunda, "kusho uZaitsev ngemibuzo. Kamuva, oFakazi batshelwa ukuthi ehostela bacula u-Anti-Soviet Chastushki, ukunyundela, ukuthi "abalimi abahlangene bahlezi yindlala," futhi umbuso uthatha zonke izinkwa.
Embukisweni osengokongo wombuso wendawo ye-Altai, kwavezwa amadokhumenti acishe abe ngu-80. Iningi lamacala amaningi laqalwa ngaphansi kwe-Article 58-10 yeKhodi Yezobugebengu ye-RSFSR nge-Anti-Soviet Propagwanda.
UDarin Sherin uthi: "I-athikili 58-10 yawa cishe yonke into, ikakhulukazi amagama," kusho uDarin Sherin. - Imisho yayijwayelekile, kepha amaphrofayli, izithombe zabantu, izindaba zabo zomuntu uqobo - aziphindwa. Singabona kuphela isikali sokucindezelwa kwezepolitiki, kepha akekho owaziyo ukuthi mangaki acindezelwe. Abantu abaningi bavuselelwa: Ngo-1960s, inqubo yokuvala nokuqedwa kwamacala yaqala, yavuselelwa - ngeminyaka yama-1990s. Kuyiqiniso, umuntu akazange abuye, kepha kwakubalulekile, njengoba izihlobo zinzima kakhulu ukuhlala nebala elinjalo. Akunakwenzeka ukujwayela izindaba ezinjalo. Tut.by.