Umnotho we-Afghanistan, ikakhulukazi ingqalasizinda, wahlushwa kakhulu impi, eqhubeka iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Izwe alinayo imali yokuqinisekisa impilo engaphezulu noma ngaphansi kobuntu kwizakhamizi zabo. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi konke kugcinwa ekutshalweni kwemali kwase-US, Pakistan naseNdiya.
UPakistan umemezele ukuvunywa kwemali ngenani lama-rupees ayizigidi ezingama-549 amaphrojekthi amabili athuthukiswa e-Afghanistan. Isibonelelo sama-rupees ayizigidi ezingama-61 sihlinzeka ngezimali kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwezomnotho kokwakhiwa kwezitimela ezintsha zokuxhumana kusuka ePakistan peshawar kuya e-Afghanan Jelalabad.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-rupees angama-488 ayizigidi ezingama-488 ahlose futhi ekwakheni izindawo ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi isibhedlela sase-Ginn eKabul (isibhedlela sesibili esikhulu kunazo zonke emakethe yanamuhla), isibhedlela i-Aminulla Han Logari esifundazweni saseNogar naseNishtar I-Nehrological Hospital eJalalabad, esifundazweni saseNangarhar. Usizo luyingxenye yokubambisana kwePakistan emkhakheni wentuthuko onezwe elingumakhelwane ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lukahulumeni lokwakhiwa kabusha nokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-Afghanistan.
Ngokuvamile, usizo lwePakistan lokuthuthukiswa kwe-Afghanistan eminyakeni yamuva selufinyelele ku-$ 1 billion: Kuhloswe ngalo ukutshala imali kwingqalasizinda, ezemfundo, ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ezolimo nokwakha amakhono ochwepheshe base-Afghan. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, uPakistan wanikeza izinkulungwane zemifundaze kubafundi base-Afghan. Ngo-2020, iKhomishini Yezemfundo Ephakeme (i-HEC) imemezele cishe izifundi ezingama-3,000 ngenani lama-rupees ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5 zabafundi base-Afghan ezifunda ezikhungweni ezahlukahlukene zePakistan ezinkambeni ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya nezokwelapha, ubunjiniyela kanye nesayensi yekhompyutha.
I-USA nge-coronavirusaUsizo lwaseMelika emnothweni we-Affghan ngonyaka owedlule futhi ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka wagxiliswa ikakhulu ekulweni nobhubhane lweCoronavirus kanye nokuqedwa kwalo kwemiphumela yako. NgoFebhuwari 2021, ngaphakathi kohlaka lomonakalo womonakalo wezomnotho wezomnotho, i-United States Inhlangano Yezentuthuko Yamazwe (I-USAID) isekelwa amabhizinisi wezolimo angama-29 embukisweni wonyaka omkhulu we-gulfood 2021, eyenzeka eDubai.
Amabhizinisi akhombisa izithelo ezomisiwe ze-Afghan, i-saffron, amantongomane, izinongo, uju kanye namajusi. Ngonyaka odlule, uhulumeni wase-US wanikeza uHulumeni we-Afghanistan amadivaysi angu-100 averation womoya wokusekela ukulwa nobhubhane. Amadivayisi we-IVL ahanjiswa ezibhedlela ezifundazweni ezithinteke kakhulu yi-Covid-19. Sekukonke, amazwe ahlangene ngonyaka owedlule abiwa imali engaphezu kwama- $ 36,7 million ukulwa ne-covid-19 e-Afghanistan kanye nama- $ 90 wezigidi ezitholakala ngeminikelo yebhange lomhlaba elisheshayo ukuze aqhubeke nobambiswano lwawo nge-Afghanistan.
Naphezu kwesimo esinzima nge-coronavirus e-Afghanistan ngonyaka owedlule, kwakukhona amaphrojekthi aseMelika kwezinye izinkambu kuleli. Ikakhulu, i-United States ne-Afghanistan basayina isivumelwano ngamandla avuselelekayo, ngemuva kwalokho uHulumeni we-Afghanistan asayina izivumelwano nabakhiqizi bagesi abazimele abasekelwa ekwandisweni kwe-Afghan ugesi othembekile futhi ongabizi.
I-United States isivele yachitha izigidigidi zamaRandi ezweni elibuswayo ichithwe ezakhiweni nasezimotweni ezaziphonswa noma zacekelwa phansi, ngokusho kombiko oshicilelwe ngoMashi 1, 2021, umhloli ojwayelekile ojwayelekile wokuvuselelwa kwe-Afghan. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwachithwa ingxenye enkulu yemali engenamsebenzi: Umbiko uthi kusuka ku- $ 7.8 billion uchithe kusukela ngo-2008 ezakhiweni nasezimotweni ezibiza ama- $ 343.2 wezigidi zagcinwa esimweni esihle kanye no- $ 1.2 billion Kusuka ku- $ 7.8 billion kwahamba ukukhokhela izakhiwo nezimoto ezazisetshenziselwa inhloso yazo okuhlosiwe.
Izakhiwo zenzeke ngokwephula imithetho eminingi yaseMelika, okuyi-Acenseies yaseMelika okungafanele yakheke noma bathenge imali enkulu kuze kube yilapho bangafakazela ukuthi izwe elizuzisa linemithombo yezezimali nezobuchwepheshe kanye namathuba okusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kanye nokugcina lezi zimpahla.
UTharek Farhadi, umeluleki wangaphambili kuHulumeni we-Afghan, wathi ukuqondiswa kwengqondo okuvame ukubusa, futhi lokhu kuvame ukusho ukuthi ukubonisana nohulumeni wase-Afghanis ngamaphrojekthi akwenziwanga, akekho owabuza ukuthi ngabe i-Afghanistan iyakwazi yini ukusekela abakhokhi bentela baseMelika ebuyiselwe ku izindleko zengqalasizinda yabakhokhi bentela yaseMelika. Manje uMongameli omusha uJoe Biden ubukeza isivumelwano sokuthula esisayinwe nguDonald Trump wakhe ngeTaliban ngonyaka owedlule. Kufanele anqume ukuthi wonke amabutho aholela kuMeyi 1, njengoba athenjisiwe kwinkontileka, noma asale futhi kungenzeka anwebe impi. Isiphetho samabutho sizosho ukuncishiswa okukhulu kwezimali zaseMelika zokubuyiselwa komnotho wase-Afghan.
I-Indian Recent PakistanuNgoFebhuwari 9, i-India ne-Afghanistan basayina isivumelwano ekwakhiweni kwedamu lemayini ngenani lama- $ 236 million. Iphrojekthi yentuthuko izoqinisekisa amanzi okuphuza aphephile angabalelwa ezigidini eziyi-2.2 futhi azokwandisa ukusebenza kwezindawo zokunisela ezweni lonke. Izinhlelo zephrojekthi yentuthuko zaziyingxenye ebalulekile yendawo yenqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe e-India endaweni. Njengamanje, kwenziwa amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa ama-150 e-Afghanistan, uhulumeni waseNdiya omemezele ngo-2020. Amaphrojekthi amasha afaka ukuthuthuka ekuxhumaneni komgwaqo, inethiwekhi yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi yeCharikar City kanye nesiteshi samandla e-Hydroelectric.
Ngenkathi omakhelwane abaningi baseNdiya bakuthatha njengomfowethu "asebekhulile", i-Afghanistan yamukela ubukhona baseNdiya esifundeni. UDelhi Omusha Ubheka Ngomtshalizimali Osemqoka Ekuqineni Kwe-Afghanistan, futhi izinhloso zawo kulelizwe kwakunguTrojaki: Ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwentando yeningi: Ukuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwentando yeningi e-Afghanistan, kulawulwa ubukhona beTaliban esifundeni, okuyinto ingahle iholele ekuvuseleleni kabusha kwemisebenzi yamaphekula.
Amandla athambile kwakuyithuluzi laphakade lenqubomgomo yakwamanye yaseNdiya elwa ne-Afghanistan. Kusukela ngo-2001, uNew Delhi wabelwe ngaphezulu kwamadola ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane kosizo lwezomnotho, usizo lwabantu kanye nosizo lwentuthuko. Esifundazweni saseNtshonalanga, uHerat waqedwa yiphrojekthi yesibonakaliso, eyasungulwa yi-India, eyaziwa ngokuthi yinyama ye-Afghanistan-India, ngonyaka owedlule, njengengxenye yempi yokulwa neCoronavirus, eNdiya yathumela umuthi wokulwa no-Afghanistan.
Amaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo: Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhlanganyelwe kwamazwe amathathuAmazwe amathathu abandakanyeka kumaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo e-Afghanistan: ITurkey, India kanye ne-United States, e-United States ingumtshalizimali ekuthuthukisweni kwamanye amazwe (I-USAID). Amaphrojekthi wamandla we-solar Photovoltaic kanye nomoya osayinwe yi-Afghanistan ekwindla eledlule njengengxenye yokuthengiselana kwamanye amazwe ngenani lama- $ 160 wezigidi ezizokwengeza ama-megawatts angu-110 ohlelweni lwamandla wezwe phakathi nonyaka. Amaphrojekthi athuthukiswa eKabul, Ballha naseGerat. Bazoba yindawo enkulu kunazo zonke ezweni emkhakheni wamanye amandla. Izitshalo zamandla ezinkulu kakhulu zohlaka lwephrojekthi zizoba yisiteshi sonozungezilanga eBallha, esifundazweni saseNyakatho enomsebenzi wesango le-Afghanistan eliya eCentray Asia. Amandla ayo azoba ama-megawatt angama-40. Izitshalo ezimbili eziningi zamandla anamandla ama-megawatts angama-25, ilanga kanye noWindmill, zizofakwa esifundazweni saseNtshonalanga herat, hhayi kude nomngcele wase-Iran neTurkmenistan. Okwesine kuyantshontsha esiteshini samandla elanga - kuzokwakhiwa edamini eklebhule empumalanga yeKabul.
Njengamanje, i-Afghanistan izwe elithembele emandleni: Ingenisa amandla angu-1200 megawatt e-Iran, eTajikistan, e-Uzbekistan naseTurkmenistan, ngoba kuphela ama-megawatts angama-400 angenziwa ezitshalweni zawo zamandla e-hydroelectric. Izwe lengqalasizinda yalo libhujiswa amashumishumi eminyaka lezingxabano, ama-megawatts angama-7 500 ayadingeka, ukuze abantu baso babalelwa ku-33 bakwazi ukuthola ugesi.
ImibonoUmgomo wokutshalwa kwemali wamazwe akwamanye amazwe e-Afghanistan udilizwe ngokwethu, izintshisekelo ze-geopolitical zibonakala kahle kulo. Lokhu kungaphawulwa ekukhuliseni ukuxabana kokutshalwa kwezimali emakethe yase-Afghan ye-India nePakistan, ubudlelwano obuphakathi obusanda kuwohloka kakhulu. Kokubili i-USA ne-India nePakistan bakhetha ukubhekana neziphathimandla ezisemthethweni zezwe ezindabeni zokutshala imali, kodwa kukhona labo abangakhiphi ubuhlobo bezomnotho ngokunyakaza kweTaliban.
Isibonelo, iTurkmenistan ingeyalabo abaphathi ababexoxisanayo ekutshalweni kwemali kwingqalasizinda enabameleli beqembu lamaSulumane aqhamukayo avakashela i-Ashgabat. Futhi phakathi kwezitayela zalo nyaka, ungabona imizamo yokungena emakethe yase-Afghan yeChina, okuthi, njengeTurkmenistan, ivuma ukutshala imali emnothweni wezindawo zezwe elawulwa yiTaliban. Lokhu kubonakala kulo mzamo wokuvimbela ukunwetshwa kwemali ezweni laseNdiya, lapho iChina isikweleta khona ubudlelwano ngemuva kokushayisana kwemingcele kanye nezikhangiso ezenziwa yi-China yaqala ukwakhiwa kwe-HPP ku-Brahmaputre, yiziphi izinto ze-India.
Kuthunyelwe ngu: Ama-Roman Mamchits