Ngo-2020, i-United States isebenzise izikhali ze-rocket eziphindaphindiwe ezivela emingceleni yaseRussia-Belarusian. Ngakho-ke, ngoSepthemba, ukudubula okuvela ku-MLRS Volley Fire Fire Jet System kwenzeka ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuzivocavoca e-Estonia, nasekupheleni kukaNovemba, kunikezwe usawoti wokuqeqeshwa kwababili eRomania. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokukhishwa kweWashington kusuka kwisivumelwano se-RSD sokufakwa okunjalo, amarokhethi amasha aqala ukuthuthukiswa, andise uhla lwabahlaseli bawo. Njengoba iBelarus neRussia kungalwa ne-RSW yaseMelika, kufundwe ngokuqhubeka kochwepheshe obukhulu besikhungo sezifundo ze-geopolitical Study of the Baltic Region Institute of the Baltic Federal University. I.Kanta yuri zreeva.
Ukwanda kwenombolo ye-US RSZO eYurophu
Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi ebandayo, i-United States yanciphisa kakhulu amabutho abo eYurophu. Kwathintwa futhi yi-artillery, kufaka phakathi i-multishor. Ngenxa yalokho, ngonyaka ka-2006, i-United States yahlala ingxenye eyodwa kuphela, i-RWS MLRS ye-RWS - 1 ye-14th ye-FAILFIED Regimery Regiment (1-94 fa) eBaumacholder (Germany) eneziqalisi eziyi-18. Kepha ngoMeyi 2008, wadilizwa, ngemuva kwalokho abantu baseMelika babengenazo izingxenye eYurophu, ama-RW ahlomile nakancane.Ngemuva kokuqala ngo-2014, imisebenzi yokuxazulula inqume ("ukuzimisela kwe-Atlantic"), okuhloswe ngayo "okubumbene" kweRussia, i-United States yaqala ukudlulisela ama-RWSW eYurophu ekuzivocavoca. Lokhu kufakwa kwaqala ukuvela eMpumalanga Yurophu. Ngakho-ke ngoJuni 2016, e-Estonia, amabhethri amabili e-M142 Him of the 1st Division 181 we-FA Artillery Regiment (1-181 FA) wonogada wezwe lonke udluliselwe ekubambeni iqhaza eSyrnesterict Translee 16. Futhi ekufundiseni kwesiPolish ngokubamba iqhaza kwamazwe omhlaba we-Anakonda 2016 ngenyanga efanayo ye-RSZO M142 Himars of the 5th Division of 113 FA) konogada waseNorth Carolina.
Kusukela ngoSepthemba 2016, i-United States yaqala ukuqoqa ezindaweni zokugcina impahla "ezindlini ezithuthukile zokugcina amabutho 2" (APS-2 - Amasheya afakwe amasheya 2) eYurophu, izikhali kanye nenqubo yebanga elithile eliqinisekisiwe. Ngokuvulwa ngo-2017, sase-US Dulmen (iJalimane) se-USA saqala ukubeka i-RSZO ngenxa ye-artillery yalesi sigaba lapho. Ngokwemininingwane etholakalayo, yonke i-United States ibekwe emaphepheni ama-APS-2 eYurophu, inqubo yokuhlukaniswa okubili kweRSW M270A1 MLRS kanye nokuhlukaniswa okubili kwezimbila ze-M142.
NgoNovemba 30, 2018, i-American 41st Field Artillery Brigade (41st Fab) yavuselelwa (i-41st facfs), igama lesidlaliso "izitimela" ("umcibisholo wesitimela" ("umcibisholo wesitimela" ("umcibisholo wesitimela" ("umcibisholo wesitimela") eGrafenvera ( Phambilini, wahlakazwa eJalimane ngoJulayi 15, 2005. NgoSepthemba 2019, isigaba sokuqala seshefu seshefu lesi-6 sensimu yensimu sadalwa ngokusemthethweni njengengxenye yeBrigade (1-6, ehlome nge-M270A1 MLRS. NgoJanuwari 27, 2020. Lesi sigaba senze ukudubula okulwa ne-grapheeur Polygon - okokuqala okunjalo e-United States eYurophu kusukela ngo-2006.
NgoSepthemba 2020, isigaba sesibili sadalwa njengengxenye ye-41St Brigade - isigaba sokuqala seshefu seshefu lesi-77 sensimu yensimu (1-77 fa), sihlome njenge-M270A1 MLRS kanye ne-M142. Ngenyanga efanayo, i-Bravo 1-6 Ibhethri yebhethri abuciko 41st Field Artillery Brigade babambe ukubhula kokuqala okuvela ku-MLRS RSZO ngaphandle kwe-Estonia Defense Forces Tapa, eduze kweRussia (110 km) (ukufundisa ngesibhamu rush). Inxusa laseRussia e-United States lilinganise lezi zimfundiso njengezinto ezivusa inkanuko futhi ziyingozi kakhulu ekuzinweni kwesifunda.
NgoNovemba 2020, ama-Rszo M142 ama-Hims aqhamuka ku-1-77 FA 41th Field Artillery Brigade, avikele amahora amaningi ngomoya ovela e-R-130 Hercules Airbase endiza yaseJalimane, ebanjwe lapho eTapo-Musser Compat Shooting ELwandle Olumnyama (Ukufundiswa Kwe-Falcon okusheshayo) - Ukudutshulwa kwesibili kwe-41St Brigade ngaphandle kweJalimane. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokudutshulwa kokufakwa nokubalwa kokwehla eJalimane. Ngokusho kukaForbes wamagazini waseMelika, lokhu kudutshulwa sekuphenduke "ukumangala kwe-Russian amabutho aseRussia eCrimea" (yize indawo yokudubula eCrimea imayelana ne-400 km, ngakho-ke akuyona ngisho ne-rocket yama-atacms ngaphambi kwayo, hhayi ukusho GMLRS). Kodwa-ke, ukukhuluma ngemicibisholo ethembisayo yaseMelika ebangeni elikhudlwana, ama-Forbes abhala ukuthi "amabutho amabutho, afike eRomania asuka kuyo, amelela usongo olukhulu futhi olungalindelekile kumasosha aseRussia esifundeni."
Le mfundiso US ngo umkhuba kwaboniswa ngumuntu amacebo entsha ebizwa nge "Himars Rapid Infiltrations". Esikhundleni ukuthunyelwa kancane imigwaqo nojantshi, ukufakwa kungenziwa ngokushesha efakwe ngokusebenzisa emoyeni futhi avele pheze nomaphi lapho kukhona airfield efanelekayo.
UMLRS MLRS uyaqhubeka neYurophu engxenyeni yezwekazi lase-United States. Ngakho-ke ekuqaleni kukaDisemba 2020. Ngokokuqala ngqa ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwamaqembu okulwa ne-American Artigade Brigade ema-Europe, lapho bekubhekwe ngasikhathi sinye ukusekela iqembu lokulwa lase-Agodry Courgat ye-M270A1 MLRS (isigaba sokuqala se-142 ishalofu lendawo yobuciko bensimu (1-142 FA) i-Arkansas National Guard). Itholakala eDravsk-Pomorsk Polygon ePoland.
Inkulu kangakanani usongo lwe-rocket?
Ukubuya kwe-US RSzo, vele, kwandisa amathuba okulwa nebutho laseMelika eYurophu, kubandakanya nokuziphatha komlilo ngebanga elikhulu (kuze kube ngu-300 km). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifunda seKaliningrad sisongelwa (esimweni sokubeka ama-RWS aseMelika ePoland kanye / noma eLithuania), kanye neSt Petersburg, kanye neLeningrad kanye neLatvia). Uma kwenzeka ukuvela kwe-RSW yaseMelika e-Ukraine, iCrimea izoba sengozini.
Isongela izinhlelo ze-American Dissem neBelarus evumayo. Phakathi kwezinjongo ezingenzeka - okokuqala, izindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi "izindawo zemikhawulo nezezimali zokufinyelela kanye ne-Maneuver" (A2 / Anti - Anti-Access / Area-access / Area-Anti Special) esifundeni saseKaliningrad, eSt. Petersburg naseCrimea .
Ukudlalwa kwezinduna ze-Himars RSZO futhi, ngezinga elincane, ama-MLRs awakaze abe yimfihlo, kepha ukuthuthukiswa kwezinguquko zawo ezisheshayo kumasayithi okudubula nokuzilolonga kufanele kuphoqelele lesi simo futhi sithuthukise izisulu ezidingekayo (ezenziwa ngokweqiniso).
Manje uRszo e-USA eYurophu ambalwa. Isigaba esisodwa se-MLRS / Himars sinabaqalisi abangu-18 (amabhethri amathathu angu-6 PU). Lokho wukuthi, ku-41St Brigade of Field Artillery, okuwukuphela kwendawo yezempi yaseMelika eYurophu, i-Army RWSW, kungenzeka kube namabhethri amahlanu ama-MLRS MLRS (30 PU) kanye okungenani nebhethri elithile le-Himars (6 PU). Omunye ubukhulu bamabhethri we-MLRS MLRS (18 PU) waletha ePoland ngokujikeleza 1-142 fa.
Sekukonke, i-United States isiyatholakala eYurophu ngo-48 PSZO MLRS kanye nezinduna ezingama-6 PU RSZO, ezikwazi ukukhulula ku-volley 582 Ukunemba okuphezulu okulawulwa yi-GMLRS noma ama-atacms ane-atacms ane-100 ephezulu. Kepha izinhlamvu zenzelwe hhayi kwi-volley eyodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kudluliselwe olwandle kanye neziqalisi ezingeziwe zomoya kanye namarokhethi avela engxenyeni yezwekazi lase-United States.
Yini ephendula iRussia
I-Russia, ngisho nangemva kokuncishiswa kwamabutho ahlomile idlula kakhulu i-United States ngokuya ngenani le-RSZO (ngaphezulu kuka-862 [1] ngokumelene no-640) [2]. Kulawa, amayunithi angama-550 ase-RSZO "e-RSZO" ngohla oluphezulu lokudubula olungamakhilomitha angama-21 (izinhlamvu zesimanje - kuze kufike ku-40 km). I-200 ngaphezulu i-RSZO "isiphepho" ngobubanzi obukhulu bokudubula amakhilomitha angama-34. Lokho wukuthi, ngobubanzi bokudubula okuphezulu, la ma-RWS aphansi kuma-American GMLRS MLRS / Himars (84 km). Amarokhethi aseMelika, ngaphandle kwalokho, ayalawuleka, futhi-ke, anokunemba okuphezulu kokushaya.I-Russia ibuye iqukethe ama-100-curnong amakhulu ama-300-mm Rszo "Tornado", angadubula at 90 km (kufaka phakathi ama-rocket amagobolondo). Ngokusho kochwepheshe, emandleni e-volley, i- "Tornado" ilingana nezilungiselelo ezingama-20 "Hrad" (ivolley yomshini owodwa ihlanganisa indawo engamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-672).
Kumenyezelwa ukuthi ngasekupheleni kuka-2027, i-RSZO "ne" Hurricane "emabuthweni ahlomile aseRussia izocishe isuswe ngokuphelele nge-caliber enkulu ye-9K515" iTornado-C ", yamukelwa ngonyaka ka-2016.
I-RSZO Tornado-C isebenzisa amagobolondo amasha asebenzayo angu-300-MM aphethwe angathinta uhla lwebanga elifinyelela ku-120 km, elingaphezu kwama-gmlrs aseMelika. Ngasikhathi sinye, kungalethwa umsebenzi othile wendiza othile ku-projectile ngayinye.
Ngale RWS, i-rocket entsha ye-Ultra-voluminous nayo iyakhiwa, engakabikwa. Kepha ekuqaleni abathuthukisi bathembisa ukufinyelela kuze kufike kumakhilomitha angama-200 (okungaphezu kwawo wama-ER GMLRS adalwe e-US). Futhi i-RSZO "i-RSZO" izothathelwa indawo yi-RSZO 9Q511M entsha ye-Tornado-m "ye-caliber ephakathi enesistimu yokulawula umlilo ozenzakalelayo, yamukelwa ngonyaka ka-2014.
Kukholelwa ukuthi ekusebenzeni kokulwa kweTornado-G kudlula "amagrafu" izikhathi ezi-2,5. Okwe-Tornado-G, imicibisholo eqondile ephezulu yenziwe, ivumela ukunikeza ivolley kusuka endaweni eyodwa yokuqalisa ngasikhathi sinye kwimigomo eminingana noma igxile emlilweni wama-RWS amaningi. Amakhanda ahlukanisiwe ale micu awela emaphaketheni wokuzinza acishe axhunywe, angathinta izinhloso ngisho nasemasheleni nasemuva kwemithambeka ephakeme yokuphakama. Amarokhethi afanayo nawo adalwe nge-Tornado-C.
Ngo-2016, i-RWS 9K512 entsha yango-2016, iHurini 1M "yamukelwa eRussia. Lolu uhlelo lwe-bikical olungasebenzisa i-TPK eguqukayo ngama-projectiles asebenzayo we-calibers amabili - kungaba ngu-220, noma ama-300 mm. Ibanga eliphakeme lokudubula lingamakhilomitha ayi-120, ngokuzayo kungenzeka ukuthi abonakale imicibisholo ebangeni elide.
Imicibisholo ye-AcceWiaight ye-Atacms-Tactical Atacms iyizakhiwo ezisebenzayo neziqhingi (CZDC) "Iskander-M", engivele ngizitshelile kule portal. Amarokhethi alawa ma-PCC anebanga elikhulu kakhulu kune-ATACMS (Indiza Ekude Kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa Ukuqalisa ngu-480 km, futhi uhla olubilwe lufinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-500 ukusuka ku-rocket yaseMelika). Bangathwala izinhlobo eziyishumi ezihlukile zemishini yokulwa - imicibisholo ejwayelekile nenyukliya (ye-ATACMS (ATACMS Imicibisholo ye-ATAFLY AKUFANELE ifakwe ngokusemthethweni ngeNyukliya Warheads).
Ukuphambuka okuyindilinga okuyindilinga kwe-rocket ostrol "Iskander-M" nge-GSN yokuhlangana kwezilinganiso ezithile ngu-5-7 m, okungukuthi, kuwukuncintisana ngokunembile umncintiswano waseMelika. I-rocket yenziwa kusetshenziswa "ubuchwepheshe be-stelc" futhi basebenzise kakhulu endizeni, okwenza kube yinhloso engalungile engalungile yezinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu zakwamanye amazwe mayelana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi nje kuphela ama-quasibalistic, kodwa futhi namarokhethi anamaphiko anezinhlobo zezindiza eziya kumakhilomitha angama-500 kanye nokuphambuka okuyindilinga okuvela kuthagethi kuthagethi kumamitha owodwa kungathwala "Iskander-M". Ngokwemininingwane yakwamanye amazwe, iRussia ngonyaka ka-2019 yayinenkonzo enezithuthi eziyi-140 ze-Iskander-M (3] (ngamunye angathwala amarokhethi amabili noma amabili anamaphiko).
Ngomzabalazo olawulwa ama-MLRS / ama-Himars, iRussia ingasebenzisa iziteshi ze-radar ze-artillery ukuhlola "zoo" ne-zoo kanye ne-zoo-av ", ukuthuthukiswa kwama-rawch-av", ukuthuthukiswa kwawo okuqediwe. Bayakwazi ukunqoba ukufakwa kwe-american missingo futhi badlulise ukubizwa kwelitshe ezindizeni zabo, izilungiselelo ze-artillery ezizisebenzelayo (i-sau) ne-RSZO. Ngonyaka olandelayo, kulindeleke ukuthi kulindeleke ukuthi kulindeleke ukuthi kuthathwe isakhiwo se-penicillin sobunhloli sobunhloli sokudubula kwesitha sisebenzisa izinzwa zomsindo ezibucayi kakhulu, amakhamera we-thermal kanye nevidiyo.
Amakhono eBelarus
IBelarus inenkonzo enama-Rszo grad angu-164 RSZO '"Hurricane" futhi wayithuthukisa ngenkuthalo. Ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo se-122-mm rsso bm-21 "Hrad", inguqulo yaseBelarusian ye-BM-21A "Belgrade" yadalwa ngokubekwa kwengxenye ye-artillery ku-chassis yemoto kaMaz-6317 . Okweba "amagredi" kanye ne- "Belgradov", isitshalo esithi "Isitshalo se-Electromomechanics esinembile" sithuthukise amagobolondo amasha asebenzayo ngezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zokulwa nebanga lokudubula kuze kube ngamakhilomitha angama-40. Ngo-2019, i-OJSC Volliitavro yango-2019, i-Hurrica M "yaletha i-RSZO M" ephindweni elisha le-RSZO "esondweni elisha le-Chassis Maz-631705 (6 × 6) Ngezindlela zesimanje zokuzulazula, ezokuxhumana kanye nokuzenzakalela kwenqubo yokuqondisa ukukhiqizwa kwaseBelarusian.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eBelarus, i-301 mm polonais RSso yathuthukiswa ngemicibisholo ye-B-200 ye-B-200, enebanga lokudubula eliphakeme lama-200 km. Futhi inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye- "Polonz-M" enemicibisholo ye-B-300 [5] inebanga eliphakeme lokudubula selivele livele elingu-300 km, eliqhathaniswa nobubanzi obukhulu bemicibisholo ye-ATACMS yaseMelika. Uhlelo lwe-RSZO / POLOMSZ-M Missizela luhlanganisiwe: I-Indertial Metial ngokulungiswa kwe-satellite (GPS). Ukuphambuka okuyindilinga (i-CVO) kusuka kwelitshe ebangeni eliphakeme kusukela kuma-30 kuye kwangama-50 m. Ngo-Augus 2016, i-polonaise RSZO yamukelwa eBelarus.
Ngo-2020, i-Belorussian entsha ye-122-mm Pszo "shkva", yathuthukiswa yi-OJSC "Voltavto", yabanjwa. Ifakwe ngamapayipi okuhola ekukhiqizweni kwaseBelarusian kanye nohlelo lokulawula umlilo olula olusebenzayo, uhlelo lwe-satellite navigation, uhlelo lwe-meteorological, uhlelo lokuhambisa idatha, uhlelo lokuqondisa lwedatha, uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu eliqondisiwe.
I-Shkalk ingasebenzisa wonke umugqa womugqa wezinhlamvu ze-RSZO "Grad" nezinhlamvu ezithuthukisiwe ezakhiwe eBelarus yeLeldrad RSSO RSSO.
Ngakho-ke, iRussia neBelarus sezivele manje, ingasaphathwa ngekusasa, zine-arsenal enamandla ye-RSZO kanye nemicibisholo enobuhlakani ekwazi ukubhekana nosongo lwe-MLRS / Embile. Futhi zikhona ezinye izindlela zezilonda ezizilwela zona, ezihlala zingaphezu kwalandiswa zethu (ngokwesibonelo, izindiza, zolwandle kanye nama-rocket anamaphiko asuselwa emoyeni nokunye). Ekugcineni, ekugcineni, 'ukuphikisana kokugcina kwamakhosi' angikaze futhi kungakhohlwa ukuthi okokhohlwe ukuthi iRussia ingamandla enuzi. Futhi iziqinisekiso zalo zenuzi futhi zisebenza kwi-Belarus ebisazisayo.
U-Yuri Zveriv, ukhetho lwesayensi yesayensi, uchwepheshe oyinhloko wesikhungo sezifundo ze-geopolitical of the Baltic Region Institute of the Baltic Federal University. Immanuel Kanta
[1] Omunye 3220 kwisitoreji.
[2] Ibhalansi yezempi. L., 2020. P. 48, 52, 196.
[3] Ibhalansi Yezempi. L., 2020. P. 196.
[4] Kuthuthukiswe ngesisekelo se-rocket Chinese A-200.
[5] ethuthukiswe ngesisekelo se-rocket Chinese A-300.