Ntambama enhle, mfundi wami. Amasiko wezithelo adinga ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kube nokubona, ngokwesibonelo, izibonakaliso zokuqala zezifo ezibucayi zeparele, ezivame ukuvezwa ngokujikeleza kwamaqabunga, asanda kuqalwa. Kunezizathu eziningana zalesi simo.
Amapheya. (Isithombe esisetshenziswa yilayisense ejwayelekile © Ogorodnye-shrgalki.ru)
Ukushiswa kwamagciwane kubonakaliswa emaqabunga okomisa noma osontekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-inflorescence afa, amamaki amnyama ama-necrotic athuthuka ku-crust. I-Bacteriosiosis ibangelwa ukutheleleka okuyingozi - amagciwane omndeni wase-Ernene. I-pear inokumelana okuphansi kulesi sifo.
Imithombo yokutheleleka:
- Isicelo lapho sinciphisa amathuluzi angabingeli;
- Ukushaya amagciwane ngokusebenzisa imifantu, amanxeba, ukulimala kwemishini okuvela emagatsheni nasezimibheni zezihlahla;
- Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlwanyelwa okuthelelekile nokutshala impahla.
Ukutheleleka okuyisisekelo kuvame ukuboniswa kakhulu esigabeni sezimbali. Amagciwane anezinyoni, izinambuzane, imimoya, imvula idluliswa kanye nempova. Ukuzala kabusha okusheshayo kuthanda isimo sezulu esifudumele (izinga lokushisa ngaphezulu kwama-degree ayi-18) kanye nomswakama owenza cishe ama-70%.
Izinyathelo zomzabalazo:
- Isihlahla esithinteke kakhulu kudingeka siphume futhi sishise.
- Ezithombeni zokuqala ezincane ze-bacteriosis, kunconywa ukusika amagatsha athintekile nezingxenye ze-crust. Izingxenye ezivinjelwe nge-solution (1%) ye-sulfate yethusi.
- Esigabeni sezimbali, amahlandla amathathu afafaza imiqhele ngezixazululo zemithi elwa namagciwane. Bheka isikhathi sokuphumula ngezinsuku ezi-5. Kusetshenziswe "i-streptomycin", "oxytetracyccline", "Biomycin", futhi futhi usebenzise i- "Agrimicin", "Tetracycline", "NTGRAMICIC". Umthamo kuma-10 wamalitha amanzi uyisilinganiso esingu-20 ml somuthi.
- Ama-fungicides akhethekile asetshenziswa ngokuya ngemiyalo, ngokwesibonelo, i-gamiir, ama-azophos. I-Biobactericide "Phytolavin" isiza kahle.
Ukuze uvikele ama-Disinfottect amathuluzi neziqukathi ezisetshenzisiwe lapho usebenza engadini, izinsalela zezitshalo ezinezimpawu zokutheleleka ziqoqwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Imithombo yokutheleleka ingaba yizihlahla ze-hawthorn, kanye nezihlahla zezithelo zasendle. Kubangeni le-150 m kusuka engadini kufanele bazibheke.
Amapheya. (Isithombe esisetshenziswa yilayisense ejwayelekile © Ogorodnye-shrgalki.ru)
Ishaya lesi sifo fungal, esaziwa ngokuthi ukudubula, umlilo we-antonov, osuvele ama-pears asemdala aneminyaka engu-18 ubudala.Izimpawu zokuqala ngesimo samamaki ansundu ansundu zivela kumagatsha neziqu. Kancane kancane, amabala athola umbala omnyama wamalahle. Echithwe ezindaweni zokunqoba amagxolo ezifa bese uyawa. Emva kwalokho, kuhlale isilonda esikhulu. Amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe nezithelo zimnyama, zinhle. Esimweni esinjalo, bahlala isikhathi eside emagatsheni.
Ukutheleleka okudluliselwa ngezingxabano. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokushesha lesi sifo, izimo ezinhle zenziwa ngesimo sezulu esifudumele kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
Izinyathelo zomzabalazo:
- Ngokutheleleka okubanzi, isihlahla sigawulwa sashiswa.
- Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, amagatsha angcolisiwe asikwa futhi ashiswa. Izingxenye zibulawa amagciwane ngesisombululo (1%) sesimo sethusi.
- Amanxeba, imifantu emgogodleni ahlanzwa ezingcolisayo futhi afafaza usebenzisa ubungqabavu be-Copper nge-1%. Ngemuva kwalokho waphathwa nge-Garden Booth.
Kunconywa ukuthi kuhambisane nezindlela zokuvimbela, kufaka phakathi ukukhetha kokufika kwezinhlobo zamapheya, okubonisa ukumelana okuhle nomdlavuza omnyama. Kubalulekile ukususa nokubhubhisa izithelo namahlamvu. Kunconywe futhi ngesikhathi sekwindla kanye neziqu zentwasahlobo.
Isifo fungal sibonakaliswa ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomuthi we-pear we-sage black plaque. Le filimu isuswa kalula, njengoba i-mycelium futhi ayingeni kabusha izicubu.
Isikhunta se-saprofit asiyona eyabakwa-parasites. Bazowa emaqabungeni, amahlumela, izithelo ezinomonakalo odalwe izinambuzane ezinonya. Izitayela, izihlangu, imikhaza ehlukahlukene enqubweni yomsebenzi obalulekile wahlukanisa uketshezi olunamathelayo, kusebenza amandla esikhuntu. Izitshalo ezilimazayo zilele ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile kwamapuleti eshidi ngefilimu emnyama, enciphisa i-photosynthesis. Ukubonakala kwezitshalo ezithelo kunciphisa inani labo lezempahla.
Izifo zezihlahla. (Isithombe esisetshenziswa yilayisense ejwayelekile © Ogorodnye-shrgalki.ru)
Ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta, sebenzisa i- "phytodeter". Ukuvimbela ukudalwa kwezitshalo zezimo ezinhle. Kubalulekile ukusika phambili umqhele obanzi ngokwezikhathi ezithile, yenza ukondliwa okudingekayo, ukuqeda inhlabathi ngokweqile enhlabathini. Ukuletha ama-whims okuqala kwentwasahlobo isiqu ngesisombululo se-lime ngokungezwa kwe-sulfate yethusi.
Isifo esikhula esikhulayo esisheshayo sibonakaliswa ngokuvela kwamamaki amancane amnyama amnyama nansundu ebusweni bezithelo namapuleti eshidi. Kancane kancane ziyakhula, zibangela ukusonteka kanye nokuqunjelwa kwamaqabunga omisiwe. Izithelo ezazichichima ziyeke ukukhula. Ikakhulu, indinyana isakazeka ngesimo sezulu eside esimanzi.Izihlahla ezithelelekile zifafaza, zisebenzisa i-fungicides, njenge- "Horus" noma "usizi."
Ukuze uvikele ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka, uketshezi lwe-burglar lulungiselelwe ukugxila kwe-1%. IHarry Lamings iniselwa kathathu: Ngaphambi kwekhono lezinso, esigabeni sokwakhiwa kwama-buds, ngemuva kokuphela kwezimbali. Kubalulekile ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile umqhele, ususe i-padalitsa, ushise amahlamvu awile.
Uma kungekho izimpawu ezicacile zezifo, izinto ezahlukahlukene zingadala izinkinga. Mnyama emapuleni eshidi elishiyekile ngokuhlanekezela kwabo okulandelayo kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuntuleka kwe-bora. Kuboniswe emnyama emaqabungeni. Futhi yehlisa nokukhula kwezihlahla, amagatsha womile.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-calcium. Ungabona ukusakazeka kwezingxenye ezimnyama nezimi ezomile kusuka emaphethelweni amaqabunga kuya maphakathi nawo.
I-feeder ephelele enokuhlanganiswa okunempilo okuqukethe amaminerali adingekayo azodingeka.
Amaphonsa namapuleti anamaqabunga awomile futhi asontekile ngesikhathi sesomiso esakhiwe kahle. Kuyasiza esimweni esinjalo ukuhlela imiqhele yokunisela amanzi usebenzisa i-hose nge-nozzle efanele.
Akunakwenzeka ukunganaki ukubonakala kwezihlahla zethanga kungazelelwe kumnyama futhi kusontekile amaqabunga. Into enjalo ingakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esiyingozi noma enye inkinga edinga izindlela ezisheshayo nezisebenzayo zokonga izitshalo.