Umbusi weSifunda V. Kondratyev unxuse abakhiqizi bezolimo ukuthi baqede ukuhlwanyela ngoMeyi 1. Futhi kusukela kwisabelomali sesifunda sokuxhaswa kwezimali kwezolimo ezabelwe ama-ruble angama-271 million. Emhlalweni oyinhloko waseRussia, bayakuqonda: Ukuhlala sekwedlule isikhathi akusona isimo esilula. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuphambuka kusuka emikhawulweni efanelekile ye-Second izinsuku eziningi kuholela ekutheni kwakhiwe ezikhundleni ezingama-0.5-1.0 / amahektha okusanhlamvu. Uma ngemuva kokugawulwa entwasahlobo, iphesenti lokuvuna lisakhulile. Lapho inhlabathi yomile ngokushesha, futhi izinga lokushisa komoya lizokhula ngokushesha, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezimpande kuwohloka, inqubo yokubumba yehliswa yinciphisiwe, futhi isivuno esicebile asikufanele ukulinda.
Kepha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isihlalo sekwedlule isikhathi siyisimo, yize kungejwayelekile, kepha sasijwayele abakhiqizi bezolimo baseRussia. Isibonelo, ngo-2006, intwasahlobo yayiphuze, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi sokuhlwanyela yaguqulwa isonto elilodwa noma amabili. Ukuhlala entwasahlobo ngo-2015 kudlule cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia. Lapho-ke iningi lama-agrarians ezifundeni eziseningizimu liqale i-Spring Seva eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaMashi. Esifundeni esimnyama esimnyama emhlabeni, kwezinye izindawo ezihleli, kungenzeka ukuthi uqale kuphela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Ephreli ngenxa yezimvula, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho neqhwa elimanzi. Ama-sediments engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli eholele ekutheni ama-Sveov's amagama kanye nezifunda ezithile zesifunda seVolga. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlala sekwedlule isikhathi akuyona into entsha futhi engalindelekile. Abakhiqizi bezolimo baseRussia, ososayensi kanye nabeluleki baqoqa okuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu, okuvumela ukukhulisa isivuno esihle noma ngabe i-SPRICH SEVA ibambezelekile.
Ukucutshungulwa kanye nembewu
Ukutshala umhlabathi kwangaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zezinhlaka zesikhathi ezicindezelwe, kufanele kufake isandla ekugcinweni okuphezulu komswakama kanye nokubhujiswa kokhula. Okwenzeka kwabalimi baseYurophu kungaba wusizo lapha, okuvame ukwenza ukutshala umhlabathi kwangaphambi kokuhlwanyela endaweni eyodwa. ESoviet Union, ukugaya kwasetshenziswa nalapho kulungiswa inhlabathi ekutshaleni izilimo zasentwasahlobo, yize kungatholanga. Ngaleso sikhathi, izivivinyo zesikhungo sokucwaninga sakwaFeed ared ater ater uV. R. Williams khombisa lokho ngenxa yokuphefumula okuhle nokushisa kwenhlabathi ezigabeni, amagciwane nezitshalo kwavela ngokushesha kwathuthukiswa. Ukugaya kusabalalisa kakhulu umswakama ekujuleni kwama-20 cm futhi kwandisa umsindo wenhlabathi.Enye iseluleko kuzwakala, kepha kufanelekile ukukhumbuza: Lapho sekwephuzile nemibandela yeSeva izohlelela umsebenzi ubusuku nemini. Izinga lokuhlwanyela ukolweni wentwasahlobo ngokuziphatha okwedlule komsebenzi wentwasahlobo kuzodingeka ukuthi kwandiswe, noma, okungenani, hlwanyela emngceleni ongaphezulu we-scrand enconyiwe. Futhi-ke, esimweni esinjalo, kungcono ukukhetha kusenesikhathi ukuze ukhethe amamaki amaningi.
Usiko
Kucace bha ukuthi izilimo sekwephuzile zisho ukuthi izikhathi zokuhlanza. Ngakho-ke, entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukubala amakhono akho ezobuchwepheshe ekuhlanzeni, kucatshangelwa amathemba wokuthola isimo sezulu esingesihle. Emibandela yezindawo eziphakathi nendawo zaseRussia, ama-Urals neSiberia akufanele abeke engcupheni ukolweni ngokuhlwanyela ngoJuni. Kungcono ukulahla amasimu ibhali noma ama-oats. Ngisho nangomswakama owanele okugcinwe emhlabathini wokuhlwanyela ekugcineni kukaMeyi akazithetheli. Kepha ibhali nama-oats efeni elidlalwayo kungahlwanyelwa kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Kungashiwo okufanayo nge-peas, amabele, i-buckwheat. Kodwa-ke, engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni, ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo okusanhlamvu, izilimo ezivuthayo nezinamaqabunga kufanele zigcwaliswe, ngaphandle kwalokho akunaso isikhathi esanele sokuguga amasiko.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ingxenye yamasimu ngeke ihlwanyelwe ngesikhathi esifanele, kuzofanele inqume ukuthi ingabashiya ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma ukunikela ngezilimo zokwenziwa zonyaka.
-Ngaphansi
Ukolweni wentwasahlobo ufunwa ukuzala kwenhlabathi kunezinye izinto ezisanhlamvu. Ku-1 C, okusanhlamvu kukakolweni we-sneaker kunesilinganiso, i-nitrogen iyadingeka 3.2-3.6 kg; Phosphorus 1.1 - 1.4 KG ne-Potassium 2.2 - 2.6 KG. Kumibandela lapho kudingeka ukunciphisa isikhathi sokukhula futhi kusheshiswe ukukhula kwesiko, i-phosphorus ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi kusuka kumagciwane ngaphambi kokuqala kweshubhu, uhlelo lwempande kakolweni luthuthukiswa buthaka futhi isitshalo asikwazi ukusebenzisa i-phosphorus yenhlabathi. Kungakho-phosphorus enomthelela ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kukakolweni.Esikhathini esivela kumude, ukolweni wentwasahlobo ukhulumela kahle i-nitrogen. I-nitrogen ethuthukisiwe enikwe amandla kule nkathi isiza ukwakheka kwezimpande ezicindezelayo, ama-spikelets nezimbali, futhi yelula isigaba somzimba, sakha i-Coole enkulu. Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen ngokwesiko kubuyiselwa ngosizo lokungasebenzi kahle esigabeni sokufika okusanhlamvu. Kuyasiza ukukhulisa izinga le-gluten kokusanhlamvu. Kodwa-ke, isidingo salokho okuphakelayo kwenziwa kucatshangelwa imiphumela yezicubu kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaqabunga. Kuyafaneleka ukuqhathanisa izindleko zomsebenzi kanye nokubuya okuhleliwe. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokwanda kwe-gluten, ukolweni kuhunyushelwa kwelinye ikilasi, futhi umehluko entengo yokuthengisa uzobaluleka, izindleko zokondla zizokhokha.
Ezigabeni ezivela kushubhu kuya ekuthuleni kokusanhlamvu, ukolweni wentwasahlobo kudla kakhulu potassium kanye ne-phosphorus encane kancane. Lokhu kwandisa isisindo sokusanhlamvu ngokuphelele, kusheshisa ukukhushulwa kwama-carbohydrate kusuka emaqabungeni nasezingubeni ezinhlangeni, futhi kubuye kwandise ukuqina kwezitshalo ezifweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-microferters aqukethe isicefe, molybdenum, i-manganese, i-zinc nabanye bangeniswa ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kanye nentuthuko yezitshalo.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ukuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo sekwephuzile kulinyazwe izinambuzane. Ukuvela kwezithombo eziphelele zamasiko zihlangana nehlobo lazo eliningi. Umonakalo omkhulu ikakhulukazi ungaba sezilivelweni ezichotshoziwe.
E-Non-Black Earth Zone naseNyakatho ye-Central-Black Earth Youth, kamuva izinhlobo zokusanhlamvu zasentwasahlobo kwandisa ingozi ye-fusariasis nokugqwala. Ucwaningo olwenziwe endaweni yase-Altai lwanikeza ngemiphumela efanayo. IBarley yasentwasahlobo yafungwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokomzimba kwenhlabathi, lapho izinga lokushisa lakhe ekujuleni kuka-0-5 cm belingaphansi kune-5 degrees Celsius. I-Pretered yenzeka kusuka ngo-Ephreli 30 kuya kuMeyi 15. Amahlumela anezilimo zakuqala avela ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4 kamuva, kepha angenwe yileli gciwane amagciwane okubola kwezimpande. I-Predissonition kubahlinzeki be-causative agents of fusarious-gelminiososoosous izifo njengoba imbewu evela ezimpandeni zebhali yanda ezimpandeni zebhali, futhi isiqu saqhubeka singashintshiwe.
ERiphabhulikhi engomakhelwane yaseBelarus, isifundo sokwakhiwa kwe-incrhoness ezinhlotsheni ze-lupine zezemfundo 1 ezitshalweni sekwephuzile zaphawulwa ngo-33.8-40% wezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvuna okunezilimo zakuqala kwakucishe kube izikhathi ezi-2 kunalapho sekwephuzile.
Kepha kunezindaba ezinhle. Amasiko anothando olushisayo (amabele, ummbila) awonakaliswa ama-phytoophages futhi angenwe yi-phytopathogens amahlandla amaningana ngokulula kusihlwa - ukuphela kukaMeyi, iminyaka yokuqala kaMeyi. Ngokuswakama kwanele kwenhlabathi kanye namazinga okushisa aphakeme, imbewu kanye nezithombo kuthuthuka ngokushesha, ukunciphisa isikhathi sesikhathi esisengozini maqondana nezintambo, izinsimu kanye nezikhunta zembewu.
Ukucwaninga nokuqongelelwa okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo okufakazelwe: ngisho nasemibanweni ye-sawa sawa, ungathola isivuno esihle. Vele, kuzodingeka ukuthi unake izici zemvelo zezilimo nezindawo zazo zokutshala, kanye ne-bioecology yezinambuzane. Futhi ube namathuba wezobuchwepheshe nangokwezezimali ukuze uchithe yonke imicimbi ye-agrotechnical edingekayo ngesikhathi.
Umoya kaMaria
Lapho kulungiswa le ndatshana, imininingwane yoMnyango Wezolimo weKrasnodar yasetshenziswa, iVick FNTZ. V.R. Williams, Tatniusch Fitz Kaznts Ras, FGBNA Federal Altai Isikhungo sesayensi ye-Agrobiotechnology, Kurgan Nisch - Igatsha le-FGBNU Uro RAS