- Ekuqaleni kuka-2021, 14,564.5 Amathani embewu entwasahlobo okusanhlamvu nokuvunwa okuvela ku-14812.8 amathani ahlolwe ngamathani angama-14812.8 amathani wembewu entwasahlobo okusanhlamvu nezitshalo ezingama-98. Izidingo ze-Gost zihambelana namathani angama-13079, "kusho uMarina Olyimov, inhloko yegatsha le-Russian Federation of RosselkhoZozcenter. - Inani eliphelele lembewu kuwo wonke amasiko ahlolwe ukuhlwanyela izimfanelo kulolo mbuso ngonyaka ka-2020 ezingaba ngamathani angama-93100.
Ukusetshenziswa kwembewu esezingeni eliphakeme kuqinisekisa izindawo zesifunda isivuno esihle nokutshalwa kwemali okusebenzayo.
- Izinkomba zekhwalithi yokusanhlamvu, evamile kuzo zonke noma izilimo ezimbalwa zokusanhlamvu, ziwumbala, iphunga, ukuhluma, umswakama, ukulimala kwezinambuzane, inhlanzeko, inqwaba yenhlamvu engu-1000. Sikhiqiza imodeli ephakathi yekhwalithi yeqembu lokusanhlamvu (cishe 1.5-2.kg), okukhethekayo kusuka kubuningi bendawo yokusanhlamvu ngokuya nge-Standard Methology, ichaza iPhini leNhloko yoMnyango Wezokukhiqiza Imbewu eRosselkhoZozcentre Yana Balakhennin. - Ukunquma izinkomba zekhwalithi ngayinye kwisampula eliphakathi, amasampula ayaqokonyiswa.
Umbala nephunga lokusanhlamvu kulinganiselwa indlela ye-organictic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, elabhorethri, baphenya amandla okuhluma, ukuhluma kanye namandla okukhula, ngoba bancike kubo nobungani bokuvela kwawo wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokuhlukile.
Ukuhlanza imbewu ngokuya nge-standard kuvame ukwenziwa kusuka kuma-96 kuye kwangama-99% amasiko ahlukene.
Ukungcola okusanhlamvu kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili - ukhula nokusanhlamvu. Ukungcola okusanhlamvu kufaka phakathi izimbewu eziphukile, ezichotshoziwe, ezihlutshiwe, eziluhlaza. Ukhula - ukunamathela kwamaminerali (umhlaba, isihlabathi, uthuli, amatshe amatshe) noma ukungcola kwe-organic (izingxenye zekholomu, amafilimu, okusanhlamvu kwezinye izilimo, njll.). Ukushisa okusanhlamvu kwehlisa inani layo futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuwagcina. Okuqukethwe yimbewu yezitshalo zokhula kufakwa ngezitshalo zokusanhlamvu kusuka kucezu olu-1 kuye kwangama-70 ngekhilogremu ngayinye.
Futhi, ochwepheshe bahlola okusanhlamvu ekuthelelekeni kwezinambuzane: amabhungane, izimvemvane, imikhaza. Ngokucindezelwa okukhulu kwezinambuzane esinqeni sokusanhlamvu, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama liyanda, elinomthelela ekuzithendeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okusanhlamvu kungcoliswe kakhulu yizikhumba zezibungu, onodoli, izinambuzane ezifile.
Inkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yekhwalithi yokusanhlamvu ngumswakama. Okuphakeme kunomoya ojulile wembewu, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, imisebenzi yama-microorganisms (isikhunta, amagciwane) ayanda. Okuqukethwe umswakama ezinhlanyelweni zembewu kunqunywa ngokomiswa kwikhabethe lokumisa. Inani eliphakeme lomswakama wembewu yezilimo zokusanhlamvu yi-15.5%. Isizathu esiyinhloko esenza ukuthi kube lula izithombo ziphelelwe yingxenye yazo ngokushesha - kungumswakama wazo ophezulu. Kungakho okusanhlamvu okusanda kuqoqwa kufanele komiswe ngaphambi kokugcina.
Ekugcineni, esinye sezimpawu zomnotho ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibonakala ikhwalithi yempahla yembewu inqwaba yembewu eyi-1000. Kuhlotshaniswa nosayizi nokwenza okusanhlamvu. Kukhudlwana imbewu, isisindo sabo ngokwengeziwe.
Okusanhlamvu okukhulu kakhulu kunesidingo esikhulu sezakhamzimba, ngakho-ke ezimweni zensimu zinikeza izitshalo ezinamandla zinikeza isivuno esiphakeme. Le nkomba iyanqikaza kakhulu emasikweni afanayo kuya ngendawo ekhulayo, izinga lokuvuthwa kanye nezinye izinto. Isibonelo, inqwaba yama-1000 kakolweni angaba ngaphakathi kwama-30 kuya kwangama-50 amagremu.
- Lezi zikhungo zesayensi kanye nesipiliyoni samapulazi zibonisa ukuthi izinhlobo zezimbewu ezisezingeni eliphakeme zikhulisa isivuno ngo-18-20% noma ngaphezulu, - Gcizelela eShladimir Branch of RosselkhoZozcenter.
Ngokwesisekelo sokucwaninga kwelabhoratri, izingqinamba zezolimo azolimo zokuhlola, iziphetho kanye nezincomo ezidingekayo zokuziphatha komsebenzi wenkambu yasentwasahlobo kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yezembeshini.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi, ngokusho koMthetho we-Federal "kuma-semenovstruction", imbewu esenyakatho yedulo, i-varietal kanye nokuhlwanyela izimfanelo ezingahlangabezana nazo.
Uma, lapho kuhlolisisa imbewu yokuhluma kwezinkomba ezingezansi kwezinga elijwayelekile, ochwepheshe begatsha laseVladimir laseRosselkhoZozcenter bancoma amapulazi ukuvuselela izinto zembewu.
Zuza imbewu kulandela abahlinzeki abafakazelwe noma kubakhiqizi ngokwabo, kumele ngamadokhumenti aqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Lapho ubheka ukulimala okusanhlamvu, uma ingxenye yembewu ingadluli ngokuya ngeZinga, kunconyelwa ukuhlela.
Ngaphambi kokubhuka, imbewu nangemva kokukhululwa kwendawo yokugcina impahla evela kokusanhlamvu, ochwepheshe beluleka izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhumbula indlela yamakhemikhali kusuka ezinambuzaneni zezinkomo zezinkwa.
(Umthombo nesithombe: Insizakalo yokucindezela yegatsha laseVladimir laseRosselkhoZozcenter).