"Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ngangingacabangi ngendlela enjalo," kusho umsunguli we-Bellingcat inhlangano yenhlangano ephenya u-Eliot Higgins. Uhlala e-lester, kodwa sihlangana ekhaya lakhe elingokomoya - i-Intanethi. Isikrini sami sigcwalisa ubuso bakhe, sikhule ngombala onsundu obukhulu ngesimangaliso kunentshebe ("njalo lapho ngizowuthatha," kusho yena eydijithali.
Ebusheni bakhe, amaHiggins abonakala sengathi wonke umuntu wayemlandela. Wayenovalo kakhulu futhi akazange anciphe ukuze aqale ingxoxo, ayenamahloni kakhulu ukuthi angaya e-pub. Ngisho namanje, eneminyaka engama-42 ubudala, akaze akhethe amagama achaze ukuthi umuzwa wobuhlungu 'waba buhlungu ngempela', "kubi ngempela", "kubi", "kubi kakhulu", "kubi", "kubi ngempela".
Njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka kwenzeka kuye. "Ngezwa isiyezi, inhliziyo yaqala ukuchithwa ... lapho iba yingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yakho, awukuboni nokuthi kunento engajwayelekile. Ngiyacabanga ukuthi wangibamba kakhulu, "uyavuma.
Iqiniso lalisengoziniI-Irony yilokho manje ama-higgins abukela abanye abantu - futhi ukuze akwenze kubenze bahambe baqine kunasekuqaleni bakhathazeka. Eminyakeni eyishumi, yena nozakwabo basebenzisa izindlela zokuphenya ngezinto ezintsha, ukuxhuma imithombo yezokuxhumana, imininingwane evela kuma-satellites kanye nokusuka kulwazi lwemfihlo.
Lokhu kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukufeza imiphumela emangalisa. Phakathi kwempumelelo yeBellingcat kungubufakazi bokuthi abaphathi baseSyria basebenzisa izikhali zamakhemikhali ngokumelene nezakhamizi zabo. Abaphenyi baphinde badalule abasebenzi baseRussia Special Services, abanobuthi uSergey Sriplia kanye nomholi ophikisayo u-Alethei Navalny. Ukuzama ukuvimba ukudalulwa okunjalo, uVladimir Putin washintsha washintsha umthetho, wavimbela ukusatshalaliswa kwedatha yomuntu siqu yabaphathi bezomthetho.
Eminyakeni eyishumi yokugcina, eyaqala ngentwasahlobo yama-Arabhu, engazange ilethe imiphumela ebonakalayo, futhi yaholela ekusatshalalisweni kwencwadi kaConpiracy kaConnon e-United States, kwabaningi bakhuphukela ekuphelelweni yithemba. Kepha ama-higgins yithuba lokubheka emakhoneni amnyama kwi-Intanethi avumela ukuzithola. Lapho ebuka ukuquleka kwezinzwa kweNtshonalanga esikrinini, inhlabamu ye-alamu ebhekene nayo.
"Simi edwaleni, lapho iminyaka ye-disform; Kusukela eminyakeni eyimininingwane eya ngekhulu leminyaka le-disform, "kusho ethule, kodwa ngokusobala, uthi ngokukhuthazela.
Sikhuluma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kwesixuku sabasekeli bakaDonald Trump bavunguza iCapitol. Lo mcimbi ukhombisile: Lapho abantu bevela ngokoqobo, le ngoqiniso ngokwayo isengozini. Iphinde ikhombise nokuthi ama-higgins angakanani axakeke ngamaqiniso. Wabheka amarekhodi aze abone iphoyisa lamanye amazwe liye emhlabeni, lapho anqwabelana khona. "Bevalwe ngokwengxenye ngezandla nemilenze yabantu futhi cishe bekunganakwa ngenkathi bengingakuqondi okwenzekayo," kuchaza amaHiggins.
IBellingcat ihlaziye okuthunyelwe kwabesifazane be-Twitter ababulala amaphoyisa ngesikhathi ezama ukungena ehholo lendlu yabamele. Kwavela ukuthi ngaphambi kokuxhasa uBarack Obama, wabe esethunjwa imibono yeChenpiracies. "Besijwayele ukubuka ukuthi abantu abajoyina kanjani i-Isul (kwenqatshelwe eRussia. - Ama-vtimes). Inqubo efanayo yenzeka nabasekeli bakaTrump. Kuphela abakhulekele hhayi u-Allah, kanye ne-tramp, "kuchaza ama-higgins.
Ukuphathwa kwezobunhloli babantuUma uJohn Le Carré ususa isembozo sokuthola izimfihlo emsebenzini wezinsizakalo zobunhloli, khona-ke ama-higgins asusa ekuvuneni. Uphenyo lweBellingcat lushicilelwa kwi-Intanethi, wonke umuntu angabafunda futhi ahlole imininingwane enikeziwe. Futhi uma amanoveli e-learre agcwele ukungaqiniseki okungokoqobo nokuziphatha, khona-ke ukushicilelwa kweHiggins kuyinkondlo encane futhi kuyithemba. Izakhiwo zomsunguli weBellingcat eyasungulwa kuzo ukuthi iqiniso lingakhonjwa futhi liqinisekiswe, futhi uphenyo lungasiza ukugwema i-bog, lapho osopolitiki baqiniswa khona. I-Navalny ebizwa ngokuthi uHristo Groza, ongomunye wabaphenyi beBellingcat, "Sherlock Holmes wanamuhla".
AmaHiggins abiza inhlangano yakhe engenzi nzuzo "I-People's Phristians Management". Encwadini esanda kushicilelwa yeMemoirov, uyabhala: "Lokhu kuyisiqalo kuphela." Qalani? Imisebenzi ye-Inthanethi Online? Noma okuthile okumangazayo - ngokwesibonelo, isiphithiphithi, esenza umsebenzi womsele wadingeka? Ngisho nangemva kokunakekelwa kweTram, i-autoracy enamandla, ukudangala kombuso kanye nokungabonakali okusekelwe ekuphikeni kwamaqiniso kungaqhubeka bukhona.
AmaHiggins angomunye wabafana abahle be-Intanethi, i-wrestler yeqiniso emhlabeni wangemva kokungemthetho. Ngabe uzoba yinkimbinkimbi?
AmaHiggins aqonda izinto ezimbili ezihlinzeka ngempumelelo yeBellingcat. Okokuqala, kwi-Intanethi ungathola izinkinobho zomklamo we-Operations Wemfihlo Kakhulu. Okwesibili, abezindaba bendabuko abanakanga leli nani elingabanjwa yigolide.
Izintatheli zayazisa umbiko wasendaweni, kodwa ukuzohola, ngokwesibonelo, eSyria cishe kwakungenzeki. Isimo sosopolitiki ofanayo nezindlela zophenyo oluku-inthanethi bezinjalo, ngokusho kwamaHiggins, "ngempumelelo efanayo kungenzeka ukuthi baphathe u-Abrakadabra ngesitayela sochungechunge lwe-" Star Path ". AmaHiggins ahlala kwi-Intanethi. Indodana yonjiniyela weRoyal Air Force kanye ne-confectioner, yena ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwakhe unomphela ngokushesha wangena emidlalweni yevidiyo kanye nomphakathi wokuqala online.
Ezihlokweni ezivele ngama-higgins, kwabezindaba bammelela ngo-patternically njengoBaba ongasebenzi, ehleli ekhaya. Eqinisweni, wayenomsebenzi - umphathi wesistimu: wavele waqala ukusebenza ngaphandle kwendlu ngaphambi kokuba apholile. Wabe esethula i-blog yakhe ngokuyixhasa ngokuxhaphaza ukugcwaliswa kwezixuku. UHiggins uthi: "Izintatheli azingiqondi ngempela. Baze bakholelwa nokuthi wayenencazelo ehlala eLondon.
"" Ngatshelwa ukuthi izinsizakalo zezobunhloli zivame ukukwenza umsebenzi wethu ukukopisha esikwenzayo, futhi ukuhambisa njengabethu ukuhlanganyela nemiphumela namanye amazwe, abakwazanga ukwenziwa ngobuhlakani. " "Ukuziqhenya kwe-GeimerKusukela ngonyaka ka-2011, amaHiggins aqala ukuxoxa ngezehlakalo zentwasahlobo yama-Arab kwi-Intanethi. Yize wayengakaze eSyria futhi akazange akhulume isi-Arabhu, waqala ukubona imininingwane enjalo eyayihlukana kwabanye: Yisiphi isikhali esisetshenzisiwe, esabalawula ukuthi yiliphi idolobhana. "Bengingomunye wabokuqala ukuqonda ukuthi ungabuka ividiyo, thintana noGoogle Earth futhi uthole ukuthi lisuswe kuphi," kusho yena. Futhi ekhoneni lamathunzi, unganquma ngokunembile isikhathi lapho isithombe senziwa.
AmaHiggins abheka amafreyimu wevidiyo wezingane zaseSyria ezifile, ezazama ukuthola iminonjana yokufaka isicelo sikaZarin. I-Vicarnaya, noma ukulimala, lapho umuntu edlulisa izinhlungu nentaba yabantu kuye ekuqapheleni okunjalo, uyinkinga enkulu kulowo msebenzi, uyaphawula: "Kepha sengibe lula ukuxoxa ngalezi zinto. Kuzolile nge-inthanethi i-troll - ngoba ikhule kwi-Intanethi ithi: "Bengazi ukuthi kwi-Intanethi, abantu be-crap baphatha labo abangayazi."
Ngemuva konyaka ka-2014, kwadutshulwa isibhakabhaka esibhakabhakeni phezu kwe-Ukraine, eyalandela indiza ye-MH17, iBellingcat yahlaziya izikhala zamasosha aseRussia ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi kanye nevidiyo yababukeli abangahleliwe. Kwasiza ukulandelela ukunyakaza kokufakwa kwe-rocket, i-rocket yakhe, ngokusho kwabaphenyi, futhi badutshulwa phansi indiza. Ukunganaki kwamasosha aseRussia kukhalisa ama-higgins, ubani, njenganoma yimuphi umdlali wegeyimu yevidiyo, uyaziqhenya ngokushiya umphikisi ezihlahleni.
Kwesinye isikhathi amahlaya amnyama asiza. Ngonyaka owedlule, ukunquma amalungu eqembu, athenge imininingwane ebuthina nasolwandle, iBellingcat ethenge imininingwane emaphasilini abo, imininingwane ngezindiza nezindawo zomsebenzi wefoni - konke lokhu kungatholakala emakethe emnyama. UNampalny wabiza enye yemindeni yakhe okusolwayo futhi, esezikhiphe inkosi ephakeme kakhulu, wamenza wavuma izenzo zakhe.
Ingabe iBellingcat iyakwazi ukwazi ukuthi yini uMnyango waseNtshonalanga ongayazi? Njengesibonelo, ama-higgins ahola "umbulali webhayisekili" - indoda esolwa ngokubulala i-Chechen Field Commander Zelimkhan Hangoshvili eBerlin ngonyaka ka-2019. "Sibe nomuzwa ocacile wokuthi izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zaseJalimane zazingazi lutho ngalokho [okungukuthi, ukuxhumeka Kulabo abasolwa nabasabalalisi baseRussia] ukuthi sasikwazi ukumba "," kusho amaHiggins.
Ngibuze okwenzeka emisebenzini yaseRussia ebezama ukufaka ubuthi uSergey Skriply eSalisbury. Babulewe ngokuhlinzwa kwehlulekile? Cha, ukwahlulela ngocwaningo lwe-bellingcat, "bamane babathumele ukuba bazibandakanye nodoti othile wangempela."
Ngabe ama-higgins anentshisekelo kwengqondo ye-Assad noma uPutin? "Ngikholelwa nje ukuthi laba bantu abanamandla abafuna ukugcina amandla," unesibopho sansuku zonke, njengokungathi yile mithetho yemidlalo yevidiyo.
Unkosikazi kaHiggins - uTurchanka, bahlangana engxoxweni eku-inthanethi. Banezingane ezimbili - ndodakazi eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili nendodana - abayisithupha. Uthi: "Namuhla ngeke ngivumele izingane zami kwi-Intanethi," kusho yena. - Izingane ezihhafu e-UK zine-Smartphones iminyaka eyi-10. Ngempumelelo efanayo, ngombono wami, ungabanika isifiso sobuwula, ngoba kuzokwenza umsebenzi ofanayo emakhanda abo. " Esikhundleni salokho, emndenini we-higgins ukudlala imidlalo yebhodi, njenge "izinqaba zenkosi ehlanya yeLudwig".
Enye indodakazi efunda nabo "babe nobunzima ngenxa yokuthi bachitha isikhathi esingakanani, bedlala" eFortnite naphakathi kwethu. "Ngicabanga ukuthi ngizosixazulula ukuba ne-smartphone, kuphela lapho esemusha," kusho amaHiggins.
Thola umehluko ambalwaOthile angaqhathanisa ama-higgins nomsunguli we-wikileaks nguJulian Assange, kepha akakuthandi ukuqhathanisa okunjalo. Udelela "inkolo yobuntu" ye-assange. Futhi isakhiwo se-bellingcat, esisebenzisa abaphenyi abaphila emazweni angaphezu kwangama-20, baye bafana nenhlangano enikela ngayo. "Ngiyakwazi ukuchitha ibhodi lokugada; Akunakwenzeka ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka nge-assange, "uyaphawula. IBellingcat nayo ayifuni ukufana nama-wikileaks - ukugcinwa okunjalo kwemininingwane ehlukahlukene edinga ukukhethwa kabusha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ufuna ukufundisa abanye. "Ngokwezinga elikhulu, akukho lutho olunzima ikakhulukazi ekuhlaziyeni kwethu. Lona ngumdlalo "Thola umehluko ombalwa" wabantu abadala, "kuchaza ama-higgins.
Ngo-2016, engxoxweni yangaphakathi ye-WikiLeaks, eyayivuza kwabezindaba, iBellingcat isolwa ngokuxhaswa ngemali nguMnyango Wezokuvikela i-UK. Lokhu akulona iqiniso. Eqinisweni, kwakungekho mithombo yangaphambilini yemali engenayo evela enhlanganweni. Ukuze agcine eshayisana naye, amaHiggins aze ancike emalini yakhe: "Kwakuhlala kungubusuku obuthile."
Manje iBellingCat ixhaswa ngokuyinhloko yimali ekhona yase-Europe yase-European Carrable Funds nezinhlangano zobuntatheli.
Phambilini, abantu bamangala ukuthi angaphenya okuthile. Manje abanye bafuna ukwazi ukuthi kungani engaphenyi konke. AmaHiggins ayachaza: Bakhangwa yilezo zimo lapho izakhamizi zihlupheka khona. Ngempi, njengaseSyria, "konke kuyaqondakala: lo ngumbuzo wokuthi ngubani ohlubula obani." Kwakunzima kakhulu ukuphenya amabhomu e-United States eSyria, ngoba ezindaweni ezilawulwa yi-Isul, "Imidiya Yezenhlalo ayisetshenziswa ngezinga elifanayo," njengakwezinye izifunda. Kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukuphenya iCorruck Corruck emazweni amaningi.
Kunezinkinga ngeChina - ngenxa yokuntuleka koxhumana nabo. Kepha iRussia "yicala elikhethekile", ngoba kukhona imakethe emnyama yedatha esemthethweni: "Lo hulumeni akazi ukuthi zizogcina izimfihlo." UPutin wazama ukuvimba ukufinyelela kwidatha, kodwa "lapho osopolitiki bakho bezonakala, [isikhulu esiphansi] kulula kakhulu ukusho: Ngizothatha ama-ruble angamakhulu amaningana lapha noma lapha enza le nto encane."
Kepha yini ama-higgins aphumelela ngokoqobo? Uphenyo lwakhe lwembula izenzo ezingekho emthethweni zabangaphansi kweRupert Murdok (igobolondo elingekho emthethweni), iBashar Assad, uVladimir Putin. Kepha amandla walaba bantu awazange ahlupheke kulokhu.
Igama elithi Bellingcat lithathwe ku-basni (ezaziwa kusukela kuma-Middle Ages emazweni ahlukene), lapho amagundane azama ukuwenza angawashiyi. Beza ngokubeka insimbi entanyeni yakhe - ukukhala ikati, kodwa lapho umbuzo uphakama ngokuthi ngubani ozokwenza, wonke umuntu unezaba. I-basni yokuziphatha ukuthi lapho kuhlola uhlelo akuwona umbono kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthi lungasebenza kanjani. I-Ediome to Bell The Cat Indlela: Zama noma Vuma ukufeza umsebenzi onzima kakhulu, thatha isinyathelo kuqala esimweni esiyingozi, ubungozi kwabanye.
Ngabe iBellingcat "yageza insimbi yekati"? Ukwenza isibonelo, ingabe iRussia izothatha isinqumo futhi ukusebenzisa izinto ze-nerve pollical futhi? "Bengiyobe ngithemba kakhulu ukuthi akekho, kodwa angicabangi ukuthi umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba usuvele uye ezandleni zakhe," kusho amaHiggins.
Kepha udonsela ukunaka kweminye imiphumela. Amasosha amane eCameroonia agwetshwa isikhathi sejele sokubulawa kwabantu bezakhamuzi ngemuva kophenyo lwe-BBC esebenzisa imithombo evulekile. Unogada we-EU Coast ungaphansi kwengcindezi ngemuva kokucindezela kweBellingcat kanti abanye basikisela ukuthi imikhumbi yakhe iphinde yachitha izikebhe zababaleki.
Ama-higgins amaphupho wokubuyiselwa kobulungiswa. Isibonelo, imiphumela yokusebenza kwakhe eSyria isetshenziswa ezindabeni zokulwa nezigebengu zempi. Ubamba iqhaza emsebenzini womeluleki wezeluleko kwezobuchwepheshe enkantolo yamazwe omhlaba.
Kungenzeka yini ukuvimba ngokuphelele ukutholwa kwe-diadication? "Kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala sengathi [ukumkhipha] amabutho makhulu kangako futhi aqondwa kabi kangangokuba kunzima kakhulu ukuqala ukuxazulula le nkinga," kusho amaHiggins. Ixhasa ukukhiya kwama-akhawunti we-Trump ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, kepha iyabona ukuthi kungaba "ukusabela ngokweqile", kucindezela abasekeli abahle kakhulu be-Trump ukuxhumana online neNeo-Nazis.
"Ngeke silinganise ukufinyelela kwaBantu kwi-Intanethi. Akuzona izingane zami. Kepha isilinganiso esithile sokulawula siyadingeka. Akunakwenzeka ukuvumela nje ukuthi kuyadingeka ukudala imiphakathi ezungeze amathuba emibono - lokhu kuyinto ejwayelekile, "uyakholelwa.
AmaHiggins aza usongo lokubhekana nakho. Ama-autocrat ahlolwe ubutha. Kwesinye isikhathi, intukuthelo yokungagculisi ingachitha i-inthanethi ibe ngokoqobo, njengoba kwenzeka ngoJanuwari 6 kwiCapitol. "Ngicabanga okuningi ngakho," kuqaphela ama-higgins. "Angicabangi ukuthi ngingagcina enye impilo, ehlukile kulokhu engiphila kuyo manje, yize kulo msebenzi nezingozi zibekwe. Angicabangi ukuthi ngingajabula ngaphandle kokwenza ... Ngijabule kakhulu ngalabo abanjalo. "
Kuhunyushwe uMikhail Overchenko