Kakade namhlanje, imakethe iba yindlela evelele yokuxhumana namakhasimende emakethe yezimpahla nezinsizakalo. Kukhona ukungena kobuchwepheshe ezisebenzayo kuzo zonke izindawo zokuphila, kuqala ngokulandelana kokudla endlini futhi kufonele itekisi ngaphambi kokuhamba izinja nezimoto eziqashisayo. ERussia, ichibi lamapulatifomu edijithali afunwa kakhulu ayakhiwa kancane kancane. Manje kuhlanganisa i-Aliexpress yakwamanye amazwe (China), i-Amazon (USA), kusuka kubathengisi basekhaya abakhona lapho bekhona ama-dlibelies ama-dlibelies, ozon, elamoda.
Ngokuya kweqembu lokuhlaziya le-Agency Data Insight, ngo-2024 e-Commerce kuzothatha ama-ruble angama-19% (7.2 Trillion Rubles) kusuka ekuthengisweni okuphelele kweRussia. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2020, inkomba efanayo yayisezingeni lama-9% (ama-ruble angama-2,5 trillion).
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezitolo ezinkulu kakhulu kanye nabathengisi emikhankasweni yokukhangisa ukuheha amakhasimende amasha, ukunwebisa i-geography yokuba khona kanye nokuzifaka phakathi kwesifo sokuhlukaniswa kanye nokuzifaka okuhambisana nesimo sezentengiwe kwezentengiso . Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2020, ukuthengiswa kwe-inthanethi kwezidingo zansuku zonke zempahla kukhuphuke ngokuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sika-2019 ngamahlandla angama-4,3.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, umbuso wesikhathi "ongasebenzi" wahola okungenani amaRussia ayizigidi eziyi-10 ekuhwebeni oku-inthanethi; Akungatshazwa ukuthi le nkomba izokhula. E-paradigm yokuthuthukiswa komnotho wedijithali kanye nokungena komhlaba, ukungena kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yempilo yethu kungaba nokuzethemba mayelana nokuthola amapulatifomu okuhweba nge-elekthronikhi.
Izimboni eziningi zingahlukaniswa, lapho ubuchwepheshe bemakethe selutholile ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Iqasha izindlu, amafulethi kanye nezindawo ezithengiswayo, ukuhamba, izindlu nezinsizakalo zokusebenza, ukuqeda ukudla nokudla, ukuqasha kanye nokudla, imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, umsebenzi kanye nabanye abaningi. Leli isethi eyisisekelo yezinsizakalo, ngaphandle kwayo umphakathi ongakwazi ukuba khona.
Kepha kuyadingeka ukubuza lo mbuzo: Isiphi isigaba esilandelayo sokuhlanganiswa?
Enye yezindawo ezisobala zokuthuthuka kwezohwebo eziku-inthanethi nakanjani ububanzi bezobuchwepheshe bezezimali. Vele, ungabona isidingo sokwethula ubuchwepheshe kanye nokwakha imvelo yemidwebo eminingi ukuze uthengise le mikhiqizo njengamakhadi asebhange kanye nemikhiqizo yezezimali, imikhiqizo yezezimali, imikhiqizo yokutshala imali, izinsizakalo zokuvula futhi Ukuphatha ama-akhawunti abakeli BrokerAge, i-IIS nokunye okuningi.
Imakethe - Impilo Entsha Yezimakethe ZezezimaliNjengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, sibona ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba jikelele kobuchwepheshe bemakethe ezindaweni eziningi zempilo yethu yansuku zonke. Ngenxa yokuthuthuka okusebenzayo kwezimakethe zezimali, ubuchwepheshe ebhange lezimali kanye nemikhiqizo yezezimali (imikhiqizo yesikweletu, amakhadi wedebithi, izinsizakalo zomshuwalense, imikhiqizo yokutshala kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlobene) ziya ngokuya zithandwa. Iphrojekthi ye- "Milkeples" izofika ngokushesha engqondweni, eyasungulwa yiBhange laseRussia ngoDisemba 2017. Inhloso yephrojekthi ukudala uhlaka lwezomthetho nolulawulayo lokuthengiswa kwezitolo okukude kwemikhiqizo yezezimali ezweni lonke, naphezu kwemikhawulo elandelayo yokuthengiselana kwezezimali kwirejista ekhethekile - rekhoda ukuthengiselana kwezezimali (SOC. RFT ). Umthethosivivinywa ofanele wamukelwa ngumbuso we-State Duma weRussia Federation ehlobo lika-2020, empeleni adala isisekelo somthetho kanye namathuba amasha okuthuthuka kwawo okuthe xaxa ezimisweni zemakethe.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi iphrojekthi entsha ye-Moscow Exchange ithi "Fincislags", eyaba "i-hypperarket" yokuqala ye- "hyperpet" yohlaka lomthetho omusha kumapulatifomu aphakathi ne-Russian Federation. Kuze kube manje, ipulatifomu iqukethe izinsizakalo zediphozithi kusuka kumabhange amaningana aseRussia, futhi kukhona nethuba lokuthenga inqubomgomo ka-Osago.
Ngo-Ephreli ka-2020 ofanayo, "iKhabhinethi Lomuntu siqu lonjiniyela" eSybank Business Online lagcwaliswa ngensizakalo entsha, eyayihlanganiswe yimakethe yabathuthukisi. Ipulatifomu yakhelwe ukucinga izinkampani zokuphatha noma abatshalizimali lapho ufaka isicelo sezezimali zephrojekthi. Ngalo, kungenzeka ukudelela ukude nesicelo sesikweletu sokuxhaswa ngezimali kwephrojekthi yezindlu, ukulandelela izigaba zokudlula kwayo bese uthumela yonke imibhalo edingekayo yokuthola imalimboleko.
Ngobukhulu, onke amanye amapulatifomu edijithali, avezwa emakethe, angabizwa kuphela kumamaki: All I-Banki.ru eyaziwayo ye-benki.ru, sravni.ru, "Chosen.ru" ama-aggregators amaningi we-Windows-adgregators. Okokuqala, bahlukaniswa ngokuntuleka kwesakhiwo sepulatifomu, empeleni babeka iziphakamiso ezitholakala emakethe, ngaphandle kwezinsizakalo ezengeziwe. Eqinisweni, laba bakhulu bama-linogenerators abanezabelomali ezinkulu zokuphromotha, amakhekhekisi.
Futhi yini eNtshonalanga?Ngakho-ke kwakukhona ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu entshonalanga, futhi, njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, ukuthambekela okuhle kakhulu kwentshonalanga kancane, kodwa ngokuqinisekile thola ukuqhubeka kwabo okunengqondo ngezinto ezingokoqobo zaseRussia. Kepha ngokushesha kufanele kuqashelwe: I-Western Fintech iyahluka ngokuphelele. Amapulatifomu amaningi edijithali phezu kolwandle, eYurophu nasemazweni ase-Asia ngenkuthalo esebenzisa imodeli yokubolekwa kwe-P2P (Peer-to-Peer). Ukubolekwa kwe-P2P kuyimodeli yokuxhumana lapho umtshalizimali anganikeza imali mboleko komunye umuntu wangasese noma ibhizinisi ngokusebenzisa insiza ekhethekile ye-inthanethi (P2P Platform). Insizakalo enjalo yinkampani ye-Mediator esungula imithetho yomdlalo wabasebenzisi futhi ibasize batholena.
Phakathi kwamacala asentshonalanga, amaphrojekthi amaningana angahlukaniswa. Isibonelo, i-Cormbond (USA) nguMarketer, lapho abafundi kanye neziqu zamuva nje bezikhungo zemfundo eziphakeme zinganciphisa amakhredithi wokuziqeqesha. Le phrojekthi yethulwe ngoNovemba 2012, kanye nomlando weminyaka engu-8 ngosizo lwayo esevele ikhishwe imalimboleko ekwakhiweni kwemali engaphezu kwama- $ 2,5 billion angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu abafundi. Noma, ngokwesibonelo, i-Upstart Loans Project iyipulatifomu yokubolekwa kwe-P2P Universal, lapho ungathola khona imalimboleko yanoma yini: Ukufundela ebhizinisini. Amakhasimende athola imalimboleko ngezinyathelo ezintathu ezilula: Ukubhalisa - Ukukhetha Isikhathi Sesikweletu - Ukubeka Isheduli Yokukhokha. Ummeli wokuqala we-P2P wokuqala wezwe - Zopa (United Kingdom), umlando wakhe uqala ekuqaleni ngo-2004. Igama lenkampani lihlotshiswe njenge- "Zone Yesivumelwano Esingenzeka" - Isivumelwano Sesivumelwano Esinokwenzeka. Manje ipulatifomu inabalingani abangaphezu kuka-45,000 abasebenzayo kanye nababolekisi abangama-71,000, okusho ukuthi bayaqhubeka nokukhula ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi. Okulandelayo, iphrojekthi LendInvest (United Kingdom) ngumlende we-P2P obhekele e-Real Estate. Ekhasini eliyinhloko lesayithi ongalikhetha ukuthi ufuna ukuba ngubani: obolekayo noma umtshalizimali. Selokhu kwethulwa ngo-2008, inkampani ikhishwe ngaphezulu kwe- £ 1.5 billion mboleko yokuthenga, yokwakha noma yokulungiswa kwezindawo ezithengiswayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuseyimpahla enkulu yabasunguli nabasebenzi benkampani. Agasti 10, 2017 ULendinved wabeka ngempumelelo izibopho zokuthengisa eLondon Stock Exchange. USmava (Germany) ungumakethi waseJalimane wokuqhathanisa imali mboleko yomuntu siqu. Isisekelo saso sinemalimboleko kusuka emabhange ahlukene, iziphakamiso zazo zesikweletu kanye nezimali mboleko ezivela kubabolekisi abazimele. USmava uzokhetha imali mboleko engcono kakhulu futhi kuphela lezo kuphela iklayenti elingakhokha. Ukwandisa ukukhetha okunembile kwemalimboleko, khombisa: inhloso yemalimboleko, inani lemalimboleko lisuka ku- € 1 kuya ku- € 120 izinkulungwane, isikhathi semalimboleko. I-Jimubox (China) iyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yezezimali yaseChina, enye yezinkampani zokuqala ze-Fintech ezisebenza namabhange amaShayina futhi inelayisense ukusebenza online. I-Startup futhi yilungu leNational Internet Finance Association yeChina neBeijing P2P Association. Isici esiyinhloko senkonzo ukuthi ilolwa abatshalizimali nalabo abafuna ukuba yikho. I-Jimubox isiza ukudala iphakethe "elifanelekile" lamasheya womtshalizimali ngamunye, afunda izintshisekelo zakhe kanye nengozi yakhe. Futhi lapha ungathatha imalimboleko yomuntu siqu noma yebhizinisi.
Izinzuzo zabakhangisi bezezimaliInzuzo yokuqala futhi esobala kakhulu yithuba lokuthi abathengi bathole isethi edingekayo yezinsizakalo zezezimali ewindini elilodwa. Isibonelo, uma unesifiso sokwenza imalimboleko noma ikhadi lesikweletu, iklayenti ligcwalisa uhlelo lokusebenza kusayithi ngokuchofoza kabili, lithola isinqumo sebhange online futhi lithola umkhiqizo. Uma elinye lamabhange ngesizathu esithile lithumela ukwenqaba, akusho ukuthi abanye bayenqaba abanye. Inzuzo engenakuphikwa yokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe yikhono lokuqhathanisa iziphakamiso zabaqhudelana bese ukhetha umkhiqizo ohlangabezana ngokuphelele nezidingo zomthengi.
Kuyaqapheleka lokho, ngokwemvelo, imakethe yesikhala kusho ukuqhubeka nokuncintisana phakathi kwabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo, njengoba izimo ezinikela ngokuncintisana zitholakala ngokuvamile: ezibonelweni zama-dlibelies, i-Ozon, yandex.markket, ibonakala kahle. Izinqubomgomo zentengo nezimo zezinkampani ezincintisanayo zihlala zivulekile, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudonsa iziphetho ngokuthi kungani umkhiqizo ungathengiswa, noma ngabe inezakhiwo ezifanayo zempahla. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuncintisana kuyakhula - futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, okunikezwayo kwezentengiso kuthuthukiswa kumakhasimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe buvumela abahlinzeki ukuthi baxazulule izinkinga eziningi, njengezinto zokufunda. Kunenkinga ye- "Last Mile" kanye nokuxhumana neklayenti ezigabeni zokugcina ze-Logistics Chain. Izinkampani eziningi nezinkampani zomshuwalense azinawo amandla okusebenzisa imikhiqizo yazo kwezinye izifunda ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinsizakusebenza, yize i-10% ikhishwe ngokulinganayo eMoscow nase-USSuriysk enemibandela. Ngakho-ke, awunamehluko, olindele ukuthi, abakhangisi bezezimali bazokhula ngokufana ngokudla. Futhi i-Commodity ikhula kanjani, sazi kahle kahle: I-Aliexpress yabamba umhlaba wonke, i-Ozon itholakala ngempumelelo kwi-IPO, yandex.market ijabulela ukufunwa okubanzi kumaRussia. Ngendlela, enye impikiswano enkulu ekhuluma ngokuvumela ubuchwepheshe iqiniso lokuthi, ngokusho komthetho wamanje, obekushiwo ngaphambili, isengezo ngasinye esibhalisiwe esibhaliswe ohlelweni lokuthenga lwezezimali - Umbhalisi we ukuthengiselana kwezimali (iphoyisa. I-RFT). Umugqa ophansi umi kanjena: Lapho uthenga iklayenti lekhasimende / lesevisi, imininingwane mayelana nomsebenzi ophelele ithunyelwa ngokushesha ebhange eliphakathi, ngakho-ke ubuqiniso bokuthengwa kwenziwayo buqinisekisiwe; Ngamanye amagama, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukuthengiselana kwenziwa ngokuya ngemithetho, kucatshangelwa zonke izintshisekelo zomthengi, nakho okuzothinta ubumsulwa nokuvuleleka kwemakethe kuphelele.
UkugcinaUngaqhubeka uphikisana njalo ngesihloko sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ulethe izibonelo zesimo, kodwa, eqinisweni, kuyadingeka ukuqonda okulandelayo: Imakethe - ikhulisa ifomethi yokuhweba ethuthukayo kakhulu eRussia, ivule impela amathuba amasha ebhizinisi. Kuze kube manje, iningi labathengi lilungele ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zedijithali, thenga izimpahla nezinsizakalo online. Ubuchwepheshe be- "Milkeples" buhlanzana nezimo ngemikhiqizo nemisebenzi emisha, indlela yokuphila yezakhamizi kanye nokuziphatha kwabathengi kwamakhasimende. Uma abathengisi abaqala basiza umthengi futhi umthengi ukuba atholene, ngesikhathi sendawo, iveni lentuthuko lashintshwa liya kumthengi wokugcina futhi laqala ukumnikeza isethi eyengeziwe yezinsizakalo ezidingekayo empilweni. Izimakethe ziphenduke insizakalo ephelele yemijikelezo egcwele, okuvumela ukuxazulula hhayi izinkinga ezithile zabathengi, kepha futhi nokuvula amathuba amasha ebhizinisi, abahlinzeki ngemikhiqizo yezezimali kanye nezinsizakalo, ezazibonakaliswa ngokucacile ngesikhathi senani eliphelele.
Ngokusho kweqembu lokuhlaziya leRealroom, iCoronacrisis isibe yi-accelerator yama-55% abathengisi futhi bavule amathuba amasha okuzivumelanisa nezimo zabo kanye nokukhula, enye i-23% yezinkampani ihlangabezane nokuvuselelwa okubukhali emsebenzini wabathengi, kepha kulindeleke ukuthi kutholwe kabusha Izinga langaphambilini ngesikhathi esifushane ngemuva kokususa ilokhi, ngoba zisezimbonini ezithembisayo. Ingqikithi, ama-78% wazo zonke izinkampani alindele ikusasa elithembisayo elithi "Plus / minus".
Kulindeleke ukuthi ukuthi i-Banking Sphere, 2021 izoba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlule. Lokhu kuxhunyiwe hhayi kuphela ngesimo sezinkinga, kepha futhi nokwehla ngesilinganiso senzalo, esivuselele ubuncane bomlando. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhange azoba abalulekile ukwandisa ukuthengisa kwemikhiqizo yawo, ngokulandelana, umsebenzi wamabhange ekwandisweni kwesisekelo seklayenti uzokhula kuphela. Kepha akuwona wonke amabhange azokwazi ukwenza lokhu, ngoba kukhona ukumaketha kwabadlali abakhulu emakethe yezitolo, futhi, empeleni, ukubusa kwabo kuzokhula kuphela.
Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele isidingo esinemibandela samaphoyinti wemakethe amancane wamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi, ngasikhathi sinye esikusizayo ukuxazulula izinkinga zonke, okubandakanya nalezo ezihlotshaniswa namakhasimende kuzo zonke izigaba zokwenza ukuthengiselana nezinkinga zokusabalalisa. Ngokungangabazeki, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be- "Milkeples" kusesigabeni sokuqala, kodwa, njengoba besho, "le nkinga yisikhathi samathuba"; Kakade, ngokuzethemba kungaphikiswa ukuthi, ngisho naphezu kobhubhane lwe-coronavirus nokungazinzi kwezomnotho, sizobheka ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwemakethe yonke yama-Fintech aphelele. Ukuvela kwesisekelo somthetho esisebenzayo salokhu kuqinisekiswa.
I-Russia isendleleni yokuthuthukiswa okuhlelekile kwemboni ngokwandisa ukuncintisana okunempilo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yezezimali nabathengi, ukwenza ngcono isiko lezezimali lemikhiqizo yesikweletu, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthuka komnotho wezwe.
Kuyafaneleka ukunaka okuthile "kwesimo saseRussia" sokuthuthukiswa kwabakhangisi bezezimali ngenxa yokusekelwa okusebenzayo kusuka ebhange eliphakathi neRussia Federation. Ngingathanda ukukholelwa ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza koMlawuli Wezwe kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kwezinsizakalo zezezimali ezingxenyeni eziningi zabantu, kungakhathalekile ukuncintisana okunempilo, kanye nokwanda komncintiswano onempilo emakethe ngenxa yokuxhaswa kwezobuchwepheshe okuncane kanye namabhange aphakathi nendawo kanye nezinkampani zomshuwalense ezingeni lesifunda.