Imali esesimweni sayo sanamuhla yavela kuphela e-VII Century esikhathini sethu. Ekuqaleni, abantu babejabulele izinhlamvu zemali ezivela ezinsimbi ezibizayo, bese kuba khona izikweletu zephepha empilweni yansuku zonke. Futhi ngaphambi kokuvela kwemali yesimanje, abantu baphoqeleka ukuthi bathenge izimpahla nezinsizakalo besebenzisa izinto ezikhumbuza imali ukude kuphela. Isibonelo, amaNdiya aseNingizimu Melika asebenzisa amagobolondo namaparele ngalezi zinhloso. Futhi ezinye izingxenye zeplanethi yethu, iqhaza lemali lenziwa yizinkomo ezifuywayo nezikhumba zazo. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, abavubukuli bathole ama-axes zethusi namasongo cishe acishe anesisindo ngokulinganayo. Ososayensi baseDashi babeka engcupheni ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zinto nazo zisetshenziswe njengemali. Futhi banikeza incazelo enengqondo esiphethweni sabo - abantu kwakungeyona indlela yendaba, kodwa lokho akwenze.
Imali yethusi yekhulu lethu
Imali yokuqala emhlabeni yatshelwa enhlanganisweni yesayensi eyodwa yesayensi. Ensimini yaseYurophu, sekuyisikhathi eside kutholakale ingcebo eminingi yekhulu yethusi, eyaqala cishe ngekhulu le-XXXV ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu. Cishe yonke le ngcebo kukhona izinto zezinhlobo ezintathu: izembe ezincane, izindandatho kanye nokubizwa ngokuthi "imikhiqizo" - imikhiqizo esesimweni sezindandatho ezivulekile. Amagugu abebekhona ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilomitha ukusuka komunye nomunye, kepha amajamo, osayizi kanye nenqwaba yezinto kwakufana yonke indawo. Ngesikhathi sokufunda kwalezi zinto zobuciko, ososayensi baseDashi babenomqondo - futhi kuthiwani uma besebenzelana nabo okokuqala emlandweni wemali?
Isici esiyinhloko samayunithi emali ukuthi kufanele abe nenani elifanayo. Okusho ukuthi, uma ukucabanga kososayensi kuyiqiniso, izinto ezitholakele kufanele zifane ngokwesisindo. Njengengxenye yomsebenzi wesayensi, abacwaningi basebenzise izinto ezingama-5028. Phakathi kwazo kwakuyizihloko ezingama-609, izindandatho ezingama-2639 kanye ne-1780 "Ribers". Zonke lezi zinto zobuciko zaqoqwa kusuka kumagugu ahlukene, okungukuthi, kwakukhona umsuka ohlukile futhi zenziwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Isikali sanamuhla sikhombisile ukuthi isisindo esijwayelekile sento ngayinye singama-195 amagremu. Uma uthatha imbazo yethusi futhi, ngokwesibonelo, indandatho, kuma-70% bayobonakala efana ngesisindo.
Kulandela kulokhu ukuthi izinto ezitholwe ngabavubukuli bezingamele ngempela inani elifanayo labantu basendulo. Ukuhlangana kwemali okunjalo kungashintshana nokugcina. Kepha abanikazi bangazisebenzisa ngenjongo yabo okuhlosiwe: basike iziqongo zezinkuni, futhi bagqoke amasongo eminwe. Lapha kuphela lapho kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise khona ama-Ribs ", usosayensi akasaziwa ngempela. Kepha noma kunjalo, kunoma yikuphi, kungenzeka ukuthi uzuze. Isibonelo, akukho lutho olwalukhathaza abantu ukuncibilika umkhiqizo futhi benze enye into ngethusi.
Bheka futhi: Abantu bayigcina kuphi imali ngaphambi kokuba amabhange avele?
Imali yokuqala
Kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka, abantu bayeka ukusebenzisa izinto baqala ukuguqula ucezu lwensimbi. I-Bronze, isiliva, ithusi, i-iron, igolide nezinye izinto zokwakha asebenzisa inani elikhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi imigoqo yensimbi yayisetshenziswa njengeyunithi yezimali, kepha ibingakhululeki ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, isikhathi ngasinye lapho babedinga ukukala. Okwesibili, kwakunesidingo sokuthola isampula. Ngakho-ke kuyisiko ukubiza okuqukethwe kwesisindo kwensimbi enhle yensimbi (igolide, isiliva, nokunye) ku-alloy.
Cishe ngekhulu le-VII, kwavela izinhlamvu zemali ezixoshwe - imali esiye sajwayela isikhathi eside. Basheshe basakaze phezu kwawo wonke amakhona omhlaba, ngoba kwakukulula ukuwagcina futhi abelane ngakho. Kepha emlandweni bekukhona izikhathi lapho izinhlamvu zemali zanyamalala futhi. Izimbangela bezilokhu zihlukile. Isibonelo, eRussia emakhulwini eminyaka anguXii-XIV, ukugeleza kwesiliva kwamanye amazwe kuyashayela. Kwakungekho zindawo zesiliva ezinsimini zethu, ngakho-ke, izinhlamvu zemali zazizingaveli. Kepha ngemuva kokubizwa ngokuthi "izikhathi zesilayeziwe", imali yavela futhi. Futhi ukubukeka kwenzeka kahle njengokunyamalala.
Kepha imali yephepha ivele ngo-910 kuphela, eChina. Ngo-1661, ama-banknotes okuqala emhlabeni aphrintiwe - lokhu kwenzeke eStockholm (Sweden). Futhi eRussia, imali yephepha lokuqala, okukhulunywa ngayo njengama-rubles ama-aplointion, kwethulwa ngo-1769, ngesikhathi seBhodi laseCatherine II.
Uma unesifiso sezindaba zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, bhalisela isiteshi sethu se-telegraph. Lapho uzothola izimemezelo zezindaba zakamuva zesayithi lethu!
Namuhla, sebekhona mbalwa ngokheshi. Izimali ozidingayo zigcinwa kumakhadi asebhange futhi kunezindlela eziningi. Imali ebaluleke kakhulu ebonakalayo yayiwusizo ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-coronavirus. Isembozo nezinhlamvu zemali zihamba ngamakhulu ezandla kanye nezigidi zamagciwane ahlala ezindaweni zawo ngisho namagciwane angahlala. Futhi ngezinkokhelo ezingenakuxhumana akukho bungozi bokuthatha lesi sifo.