Kuphrojekthi entsha kwi-TV Channel TNV, ingxoxo nososayensi abasezingeni eliphakeme kanye nochwepheshe bazoshicilelwa phakathi nezinsuku.
Umuntu ozongenela ngokwesayensi yezobuthuthwa waba iqhawe eliphakeme le-30 lephrojekthi ekhethekile, iPhini LikaMqondisi Wezesayensi lalisebenza. G. Ibrahimova Academy of Science Science Science Science Science Scatovich.
Engxoxweni, umbhali we-TNV Himamov utshele umlando wezilimi zolimi lwesiTatar, iqiniso lokuthi akudingekile ukuba nephutha ukukhuluma ngokugcizelelwa ngolimi lwesiTatar, kanye nangombukiso weMezelin Tatar.
"Sine-3 ulimi yolimi lwesiTatar futhi ngaphezu kolimi lwezincwadi lapho kusabhala, futhi nolimi alunawo ukubhala"
- Uyi-tatar dialiologist ehamba phambili. Sicela uchaze, kuyini?
- Ngo-2020 nge-2020 no-2021 kungamenyezelwa yiminyaka yeDialiology. Elinye lamagatsha ezilimi liye lathandwa kakhulu, yize ngaphambi kwalokhu, le sayensi ibingabhebhetheki. Kube nezingxabano eziningi ngalesi sihloko. Kepha bonke bangama-pyphylological noma i-oolinguistic. Kithina, ochwepheshe bezilimi kanye nezilimi, umbuzo awukufanele, ngoba kufundwa usosayensi wethu kanye nangaphesheya. Asingabazi. Uma ubhala okuthile ngalesi sihloko, kuzodingeka ufunde imisebenzi yesayensi futhi uthembele kuzo, futhi ungamemezeli okuthile okungenasisekelo futhi ukhombise ukungakwazi.
I-Dialoctologing iyinto efunda izilimi zenhliziyo. Kunezingxabano eziningi, ingabe ulimi luzonke, futhi umehluko muni phakathi kolimi olusuka kolimi? Ngokwemvelo, ulimi lulimi! Manje-ke kwehluka kanjani ngolimi lwezincwadi? Ulimi lulimi olusatshalaliswa endaweni ekhawulelwe, linenombolo ethile yabantu. Futhi ulimi lwemibhalo selusucubunguliwe, ulimi olujwayelekile, oludingekayo kubo bonke abamele abantu. Isibonelo, ulimi lwesiTatar luqukethe izinto eziningana: Ulimi lwezincwadi - into ephoqelekile kubo bonke, ngaphandle kwakhe kukhona izilimi, ezenhlalo, idolobha, iJargon, futhi bonke benza ulimi lukazwelonke futhi bayingxenye yalo. Sinezilimi ezi-3 zolimi lwesiTatar futhi ngaphezu kolimi lwezincwadi lapho zisabhala, futhi nolimi alunalo ukubhala. Kwakuhlekisa kakhulu lapho bezama ukubhala ukubika engxenyeni ethile yaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga yolimi lwesiBashkir, ngokwesimiso esingenakubhala ngokubhala. Izingxabano zihlukaniswe nezilimi, futhi lezi ngisho nezindawo ezincane kakhulu ezivame kakhulu kwezinye izindawo.
- Kuvela ukuthi ulimi lukhulu kakhulu, futhi inkulumo encane? Futhi zingaki izilimi kanye nezilimi ezivela kubantu baseTatar?
- Kunezilimi ezi-3, zibizwa ngegama lezimpawu zezwe: Intshonalanga, eliphakathi nasempumalanga. Abameleli bakaNtshonalanga Meact babehlobene nama-Kazan Tatar, i.e. I-West Recial - Mishari. IKazan Tatars sibiza ulimi lwesilinganiso, ngoba ziphakathi kwempumalanga nentshonalanga. Ulimi olusempumalanga luwulimi lwamaTatar aseSiberia.
- Ngabe bakhuluma kakhulu ngolimi oluyinhloko lwemibhalo? Singaqondana?
- Yebo, singaqondana, ngoba Lolu lonke ulimi lwesiTatar futhi sizimele ngezilimi ngama-tatars. Kunomqondo onjalo njengezakhi eziyisisekelo zolimi, futhi kukhona izinto ezihlanzekile zolimi. Izinto eziphambili ziyingqayizivele kuzo zonke izilimi kanye nenkulumo yolimi lwesiTatar, okwenza ukuthi ulimi lube munye. Lezo. Uma ngitshela okuthile, kuzocacisa kuwo wonke umuntu. Futhi izinto eziphelele azibalulekile, ezincike kwinsimu yokuphila. Isibonelo, amaTatar aseSiberia ahlala eSiberia, anezinye izimo zemvelo, futhi ngokujwayelekile izimo zokuhlala, nezinye izizwe zahlanganyela ekwakhekeni kwazo, zinenye impilo. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Ukuthi ulimi lwabo lwangena emazwini okungewona eKazan. Kungahle kube nezinguquko ezincane, zefonetiki. Isibonelo, ulimi oluphakathi luphawulwa ngumsindo osondelene ngokuthi "a", noma amagama aqala nge "th", җEGET - i-Per.s TAT. - Guy). Futhi siyaqondana.
Isibonelo, ku-Mishar lwalimi, umsindo "A" uvulekile futhi usondele kakhulu kwiRussia, ngoba Zitholakala entshonalanga futhi namaRussia babexhumana nabanye abaningi. Hhayi umsindo we-cubic "A" uthathwa njengophawu lwezinye izilimi zaseTurkic, ukugcwala okuqinile komsindo "A" konke konke kwenzeka endaweni ephakathi nendawo naseBashkir. I-Quidency ichazwa yithonya labantu be-Finno-URgIc ababehlala eduzane.
- I.E. Izingxabano zinenzuzo eyedlula yolimi ukwedlula ukuntuleka?
- Impela! Uma uqhathanisa nezihlobo zezinye izilimi, ngokwesibonelo, ngama-French Kunezilimi ezingama-20, futhi ngesiJalimane kusondela 100. Futhi ummeleli ngamunye uyaziqhenya ngokubiza amagama. Emhlabeni wonke, akunqunywa ukuthi athuthe ulimi lwakhe. Kepha thina, amaTatar, sinamahloni kancane kwalokhu, futhi lokhu akudingi ukukwenza, ngoba umuntu okhuluma ngokugcizelelwa, ukhombisa ukuthi ungumTatar futhi lokhu kungokwangempela kwethu, ukuzikhomba.
- Kepha izilimi ezingesona isisekelo sokuchoboza isizwe?
- Impela! Akunandaba noma bangaki abantu abanezilimi, okokuqala, bazithatha nje ngamaJalimane! Isibonelo, thatha amaRussia aseVolga Russia, azodla "adle", kukhona labo "u-Akache", labo "abagijimayo" - abayeki ukuba nguRussia. Okufanayo ngolimi lwesiTatar! Lapho ngiphawula, izizwe ezahlukahlukene zaba nengxenye ekwakhekeni kolimi lwesiTatar, kodwa ngemuva kwesikhathi sasingenandaba nalutho ukuba yize sibe yisizwe esisodwa futhi saba yiyo! Sinesikhungo sokuheha - iKazan, esiqoqa sonke, sihlanganisa futhi sibambe emhlabeni weTatar.
"Izinto zokuqala ze-atlas yezilimi zolimi lwesiTatar saqala ukuqoqa kuma-50s, kwathi ngo-1989 ama-atlas okuqala aseTatar, amaGodi ashicilelwe ashicilelwe"
- Lapho usho njalo phakathi kwabantu baseTurke, kwakungamaTatar, baqala ukutadisha izilimi zabo, banyatheliswa ngumsebenzi ... Kwakwenzeka nini?
- Izilimi zokuqala zesiTatar zaqala ukutadisha emuva ngekhulu le-XIX, futhi u-Alexander Grigorieving Bessonov wayethathwa njengomsunguli wokuqala weDialectology njengeSayensi. Ngo-1881, wanyathelisa umsebenzi wakhe wesayensi lapho afundela khona ulimi lwedamu, empumalanga ye-Tatarstan nasentshonalanga yeBashkortotostan. Emva kwakhe, abanye abakwaTürcologists baseKatanov, uRychkov, kepin, kanti abanye bafundwa. Kuyini ukuthakazelisa, abacwaningi bokuqala bezilimi zaseTatar kwakukhona abashayeli bakaTarar, kodwa hhayi amaJalimane kuphela. Isibonelo, amagundane - ungumJalimane yimvelaphi, wahamba yonke iSiberia futhi wasishiya isixuku sabantu abathakazelisayo kumaTatar aseSiberia. Lapho-ke isikhathi esiphumelela kakhulu sokufunda ulimi lwesiTatar singabizwa ngokuthi ama-50s ekhulu leminyaka elidlule kuze kube ngu-2010. Ngalesi sikhathi, ososayensi bethu abakhulu bokuqala bavela. Lokhu kungukubulawa kwezifo zamehlo - Ulungiselele incwadi yokuqala yezilimi zaseTatar, kunguDilyara Tumashev, owayenomdanso kakhulu waseSiberia futhi owayefunda ulimi lwaseSiberia. Esondela ezinsukwini zethu, uDarius Ramazanov, uFlyra Bayazitova washiya imisebenzi yawo ngalesi sihloko. Izinto zokuqala ze-atlas yezilimi zolimi lwesiTatar saqala ukuqoqa kuma-50s, kwathi ngo-1989 atlas yokuqala yaseTatar, kwanyatheliswa ama-govors. Ngaleso sikhathi, basebenza ama-5 kuphela ama-dialiologists, bahamba izindawo zokuhlala ezingama-838. Kulesi atlas, into ngayinye yolimi iyabonakala emephini.
- Uthi umsebenzi kuma-Atlas waqala kuma-50s, ngasikhathi sinye ososayensi eBashkiria nabo baqala ukuqoka imibono ngesimo esithile solimi olusenyakatho nolimi lwasenyakatho ...
- Yebo, yize imibono eseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga yolimi lwaseBashkir yayingavezwanga ososayensi bakaTatar, kepha abaseRussia. Omunye wabo kwakungu-Alexander Grigorieving Bessonov, wabhala ukuthi ubungabazeki uTatar nokuningi, usondele kakhulu olimini lwesiTatar olubhaliwe kunabanye. Emuva ekhulu le-XVIII-XIX Century, kube nezingxabano ngesihloko salokho iqembu lobuhlanga ekilasini le-chutear. Lezo. Ngaleso sikhathi, azange aphikisanga ngeqiniso lokuthi i-hertar noma i-bashkira kubandakanya ifa, bekungokwemvelo kubo, nokuthi yiliphi iqembu lobuhlanga elikhona phakathi kwabamnyama noma i-bashkir? Njengoba sengikhulumile ososayensi baseKatanov, uRychkov, i-kepin yabona umbono ojwayelekile wokuthi amaTatar anqoba phakathi kwe-CHARER. Kepha uMari noChuvashi babephakathi kwengane. Kamuva, usosayensi ngaleso sikhathi iKazan Imperial University yaseGaliyini yaseGaliyini, u-Ahmarov yaba yi-chilly - lesi yisigaba namaTatar anqoba kuwo. Mayelana nayo yabhala katanov, ngo-1897-98. Ehlobo, izinsuku ezimbalwa zazihlala emasimini lapho uHetare, wayehlukaniswe khona ukuthi empumalanga yezifundazwe - izikhulu zakwaBashkir, futhi eNtshonalanga kukhona ama-tatar nezinsimbi zawo zesitatare. Bonke baveza ukuthi amaTatar athi kule ndawo isondele kakhulu olimini lwesiTatar lwezincwadi. Lapho ama-bashkirs esho u-Bashkirs enyakatho-nentshonalanga - sisho i-mezelinsky ekhuluma ngolimi oluphakathi. Kumele ngithi abameleli beMenzelin balimi ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.5! Lona yonke impumalanga yeTatarstan! UDarius Ramazanova ngo-1984 wakhipha incwadi enikezelwe kubaqoqi beBashkortotan. Encwadini, ihola amadokhumenti amaningi okugcina umlando, lapho abamele labo noma ezinye izindawo zathuthela lapho. Ukubonisa ukuthi izindawo ezazihlala emasimini, ezazisuka eKazan, esifundazweni saseVyatsky.
Ekhuluma ngokucwaninga kososayensi bakwaBashkir, ngokwesibonelo, u-Ahnif Yuldashev waphikisana nokuthi leli gama alinakubangelwa ngolimi lwesiBashkir, olunguTatar. Imibono efanayo yayiqhutshwa ososayensi beBashkir Nagim Ishbulatov, Talas Garlipov. Kuyahlekisa, ngoba i-menzelinsky ikhuluma kuzo zonke izilimi zaseTatar ezikhona zisondele kakhulu kuLimi lweTatar lwezincwadi, njengoba ngishilo. Yini ososayensi manje abafaka isicelo lapho bembiza ngeNyakatho nentshonalanga yeBashkir? Ukuthi ulimi lweMezelin lunomuzwa wokuthi "s" (umsindo kuthiwa, ngolimi luphakama phakathi kwamazinyo). Ngabuka izibonelo zokuphuma kwama-50-70s. Eqoqwe yizinhlelo zethu zezilimi ezingaphansi kweKazan futhi lapho futhi zaya khona nakumsindo ". Isibonelo, isazi sezinglimi ezikude yusupov siveza umbono wokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyinto ejwayelekile yolimi oludala lweTartar lwezincwadi, ngesikhathi seKazan Khanate. Futhi njengoba sazi ukuthi abantu bamane bathuthela kwezinye izindawo, khona-ke izinkambiso zakhe zishintshele kubo zigcinwe. Baphinde bakhulume ngezinto eziverthongs, sikhuluma ngokuthi "-Y-no-One" ku-TAATRICAL - BARMAM (PER-PER-PER. NgeTat - futhi ngeke ngibonise), futhi ku-mezelinsky show sisebenzisa "-Ay, -I" - I-BARMAYMM. Futhi leli verthong likhona kolunye ulimi lwalimi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho silalela izingoma zabantu, sizwa lo msindo, wawungajwayelekile olimini lwasendulo lweTurkic. Emithonjeni yama-OlderAr ebhaliwe, sibona le nguqulo yokusebenzisa i-Difthong. Lezi zilimi zingokwemvelo futhi zivumela ama-multivaateres. Isibonelo, uBarcrrga - "-I----yrga, besephethi" - leli fomu likhona kuphela ngolimi lwezincwadi.
- Ngemuva kwakho konke, ulimi luyathuthuka ngokwalo, kubantu ...
- Yebo, ngakho-ke ngaphawula ukuthi ulimi luyindlela yemvelo. Yize ulimi lwezincwadi - Asizivumeli ngokwazo, uma kungenjalo ngeke siqonde. Kwasungulwa ulimi olulodwa lweTatar lweTatar ngasekupheleni kuka-1919 ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-20. Kwakungekhona ngolimi lwesiTatar kuphela, kodwa kukho konke abantu abakuqondayo, futhi kwakungekho ukungafani. Kepha, lokhu akusho ukuthi izilimi ezimbi futhi udinga ukulwa nazo futhi wonke umuntu kufanele akhulume ngolimi lwesiTatar lwezincwadi. Ulimi lulimi lwendabuko ofundiswa ngubaba nomama.
- Futhi uma singagcini ngolimi lweTatar lweTatar, ngokufanele, ngokufanele, ngeke sikwazi ukulonda nezilimi? Ungazenza kanjani izingane zethu namuhla zitshelwe nangolimi lwezincwadi nakwezingxabano?
- Udinga nje ukusho, khuluma ngolimi lwakho! Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale nomndeni futhi inkomba akuyona ukuthi izingane zikhuluma yini kuTatar, abazukulu bayabonakala. Vele, kuyadingeka ukugcina ubunikazi bayo, ukuzazi. Ukuze lolu limi lube nzima, udinga ukufundisa eTatar, imisebenzi yesayensi, imithetho, kwabezindaba, ubuciko, ubuciko.
Funda futhi: Radik Salikhov: "Ngo-1919, umbono wokudala i-Tatar-Bashkir Republic evuka ..." - ividiyo
IHindu Tagirov: "AmaTatar kumele adlale indima yawo ukuze athuthukise njengentando yeningi, umbuso we-Federal" - ividiyo
Iskander Gilazov: "Othile unciphisela inqubo yokwahlukaniswa kwezinhlanga ukumisa inqubo yobumbano yamaTatar" - Ividiyo
URuslan Aysin: "Abantu abaphika ukuthi yilokho amaTatar - mhlawumbe aphansi kakhulu emhlabathini" - ividiyo
U-Elmira Calimullina: "Uma 'sisenza buthaka", ngeke kube khona ukuthuthuka komculo we-tatar "- ividiyo
Iskander IzbangOV: "Sekukhululiwe ngekhulu le-XIX, amaTatar asephenduke isizwe esisodwa ensimini ebalulekile" - ividiyo
ILilia Gabdaffikova: "AmaTatar neBashkir - Indaba Ejwayelekile, Isiko abahlala endaweni eyodwa futhi alikwazi ukuphikiswa" - Ividiyo
URamil Trankhtullin: "Ngikhathazekile ngokuqaqamba okungenzeka kwamaTatar ahlala endaweni yaseBashkiria" - Ividiyo
U-Ilnur Mirgalev: "Kuze kube manje kunezincwadi zemibhalo, lapho i-Horde yeGolide ibhekwa kuphela kukhiye ongemuhle" - ividiyo
UGulnara Gabdrakhmanova: "Enye yezinkinga ezisemqoka namuhla zokugcina iTatar ukulonda ulimi" - Ividiyo
I-Rail Fahrutdinov: "AmaTatar e-Astrakhan afuna ukusekelwa kokuziphatha, zizwe kunesidingo" - Ividiyo
U-Ildar Yagafarov: "I-Tatar Cinema impango kanye nokuphila, futhi inikeze isifiso sokuphila" - Ividiyo
Marat Hibatdinov: "Uma unqamule ipulasitiki yabantu baseTatar ngaphandle kweTatarstan, khona-ke besingeke sibe neJalil, Gabdullah Tukai" - Ividiyo
U-Ilnur Yehamov: "Sidinga ukusho ukuthi amaTatar nawo athola izizwe ezixegayo" - ividiyo
UManur Gilazov: "AmaTatar aseRussia" angabantwana bamaTatare angazazi lutho ngabantu baseTatar "- Ividiyo
I-AIRAT FIEZRAKHMANOV: "Zonke izinhlobo zamanje zomhlaba kufanele zibe ngolimi lwesiTatar" - Ividiyo
U-Albert Burkhanov: "Ama-Bashkirs ahlala phakathi kwamaTatar ayiminyaka engama-450, kepha awakaze abe ama-tatar" - ividiyo
U-Alfia Gallamova: "Ngokulandelana kukaStalin wenze konke ukuze uTatarstan angakwazi ukuba yiRiphabhulikhi ye-Federal" - Ividiyo
URimzil Valeyev: "AmaTatar namaBashkirs ahlukene amazwe ahlukahlukene, kepha ngolimi esihlangene" - ividiyo
U-Elmir Nizamov: "Ngizwa ukuthunywa okufanele ngicebise umculo kazwelonke" - Ividiyo
UNyazgamov Nyazlam: "Tshela eyakhile e-Aktanash ukuthi enyakatho-nentshonalanga bashkir! Eseduze, uzokuthumela "- ividiyo
I-Lyria Kusaimanova: "Esifundeni se-Astrakhan, amasiko amaTatar adluliswa ngothando" - ividiyo
UDamir Ishakov: "Onke amaTatars manje adinga ukugxila kubunikazi babo" - ividiyo
I-Albina Nasyrova: "Izimpande zikaChukovsky zithi izingane ngonyaka we-4 - Ulimi Genius" - Ividiyo
UGalina Idarova: "Esikhathini sokwakha sanamuhla saseKazan, singasebenzisa ama-Tatar ne-Muslim Motifs" - Ividiyo
UMarina Imaşeva: "Izimfihlakalo Ezingokomlando Ezikhulu - AmaTatar Aseed ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwe-Astrakhan Ivan Grozny" - Ividiyo
URuslan Aysin: "Ulimi lungokwabantu njengesambulo esihlanzekile" - ividiyo
Filyus kagirov: "Ngicabanga, bonke abahlabeleli be-tatar pop kumele baye ekusebenzeni okubukhoma" - ividiyo
I-Nyazy Gafiyatullin: "Kuyadingeka ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kolimi lwendabuko lweTatar kuhlale kuthakazelisa." Ividiyo