Lapho kungekho zikhalazo ekuthengiselweni, noma ngubani obambe iqhaza angakhohlisa enye. EBlockchain, inkinga ixazululwa kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms aqinile wezibalo lapho kudalwa khona amabhlokhi.
Kokuqukethwe sizokutshela ukuthi ngubani odala futhi uhlole amabhlogo ebhulakeni. Uzofunda ukuthi ama-algorithms avumelana aqinisekisa kanjani ukuphepha kwale nqubo.
- I-P2P: lapho kusetshenziswa khona amanethiwekhi ontanga
- Ukubethela ebhlokini: eminweni
- I-BlockChalter - uchungechunge lwamabhulokhi okuthengiselana. Sihlukanisela incazelo ngokusho
- Ukubethela eBlockchain: Kungani udinga isiginesha yedijithali
- Umgomo wokusebenza kweBlockchain: Ngubani owakha amabhlogo
- Ngaziphi izinhloso nemisebenzi efanela iBlockcha
Khumbula imiqondo eyisisekelo
- Inethiwekhi yontanga yinethiwekhi lapho ama-node axhumana khona ngaphandle komlamuli.
- IBlockchain uhlobo lwamanethiwekhi ontanga-kuya-kontanga, uchungechunge lwamabhulokhi wokuthenga.
- Vimba - Isakhiwo esikhethekile sokurekhoda ukuthengiselana.
- Ukuthengiselana - Ukungena kuzinguquko esimweni sezimpahla.
Ukungathembi eBlockchain
Njengoba kungekho seva ku-blockchain, engeza futhi uqinisekise imininingwane kubasebenzisi uqobo. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu ngamunye obambe iqhaza angaxosha izintshisekelo zakhe kumonakalo wokuphepha kweBlockchain. Ukusuka lapha kunenkinga yokungathembani kwabahlanganyeli komunye nomunye. Ukuyixazulula, ama-algorithms wezibalo asetshenzisiwe, okuzoxoxwa ngokuqhubekayo.Cabanga nje ukuthi kukhona izimpahla esikhwameni sakho, kanti omunye umsebenzisi weBlockchain ukholelwa ukuthi awekho. Ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle, kunzima ukunquma ukuthi imaphi amalungelo amabili. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha phakathi kwabasebenzisi balabo abazohlola ukuthengiselana futhi bangeze kuphela okulungile. Abasebenzisi abanjalo babizwa ngokuthi abavukuzi.
Ama-Personars - abahlanganyeli abavinjelwe ababandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwamabhulokhi amasha kanye nokuhlolwa kokuthengiselana.
Ukuhlela ukusebenza okufanele kwabavukuzi, kuyadingeka ukuvuma, okuzobe kuzoba nokuthi bazowenza kanjani umsebenzi wabo. Lona ngumsebenzi onzima, ngoba udinga ukuza nemithetho enjalo, ezoba inzuzo enkulu ukubheka abavukuzi kunokuphuka. Lesi yisibonelo esihle kakhulu somsebenzi ovela kumqondo wegeyimu: Ungayikhetha kanjani isu elizoba yinzuzo efanayo kubahlanganyeli ababambiqhaza abanentshisekelo ehlukile.
Umsebenzi onjalo waqalwa futhi waxazululwa ngama-mathematiciating ngekhulu leminyaka edlule. Manje lesi sixazululo sihlinzeka ngokuphepha kokubili ebhlokini nakwabunye ubuchwepheshe obunzima. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ama-Minari angakwazi kanjani ukungayephuli izintshisekelo zomunye nomunye, cabanga ngalesi sisebenzi ngaphezulu.
Umsebenzi weByzantine Generals
Kwindatshana yesayensi yango-1982, kwakhiwa inkinga enengqondo. Ibonisa inkinga yezindawo zokuxhumana zenethiwekhi yontanga-kuya kontanga exoxa ngesinyathelo esilandelayo. Njengomfaniso, uByzantium wasetshenziswa - isimo sakudala se-feudal esinenqwaba yamabutho azimele. Ngakho-ke igama - umsebenzi ojenene weByzantine.
Isenzo senzeka ngesikhathi sokuvinjezelwa komuzi webutho laseByzantine. Ebusuku, amabutho avela ezinhlangothini ezahlukene azungeza idolobha. Ojenene bebutho ngalinye balindele ukulandela umkhuzi omkhulu. Izinketho ze-oda: "Ukuhlasela" noma "ukubuyisela emuva".
Ubunzima bokuqala bomsebenzi - umbuso uncipha. Noma ngubani ojenene ngisho ne-Commander-in-Chief ingaba yizitha ze-Byzantium ezinentshisekelo yokunqoba. AmaGeneranti adinga ukubhekwa ukuze angavumeli imiphumela engathandeki. Sekukonke, imiphumela emithathu yempi:
Umphumela omuhle. Uma bonke abahlaselwa ngamajenali - iByzantium libhubhisa isitha.
Umphumela ophakathi nendawo. Uma bonke ojenene bezobuyela emuva - uByzantia uzogcina ibutho labo.
Umphumela ongemuhle. Uma abanye ojenene behlaselwa, futhi abanye bazobuyela emuva - isitha sigcina sibhubhisa lonke ibutho leByzantium ezingxenyeni ezithile.
Uma i-General General izosebenza ngokubona kwayo, khona-ke amathuba omphumela omuhle aphansi impela. Ngakho-ke, ojenene badinga ukushintshana ngolwazi phakathi kwabo ukuze beze kwikhambi elilodwa.
Inkimbinkimbi yesibili kulo msebenzi ukuntuleka kwesiteshi sokuxhumana esithembekile phakathi kwamajenali. Noma ngabe azikho izihlubuki phakathi kwezigameko, imininingwane kungenzeka ukuthi ingamanga. Isibonelo, i-courier izolibazisa noma ithumba. Lesi simo sizodida abanye ojenene kanye nesinqumo esingalungile sizokwenziwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udinga ukuthuthukisa isu elihlangene lezenzo ezizoba yinzuzo kubo bonke ojenene.
I-Mathematics ifakazele ukuthi ihlale ihlala ithola isisombululo kulo msebenzi, uma ojenene ofanele bangaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zenani. Ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, umsebenzi ungaxazululwa ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Ukubekezelela amaphutha weByzantine - amandla wenethiwekhi ukuze uqhubeke nokusebenza, noma ngabe ezinye zezindawo zenqaba noma zenza kabi. Ngamanye amagama, le mpahla yenethiwekhi lapho umsebenzi wabaphathi beByzantine uxazululwe khona.
Ukubekezelela iphutha leByzantine kuyadingeka ezinhlelweni zezinjini zezindiza, ezitshalweni zamandla enuzi futhi cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlelo, izenzo zazo zincike emiphumeleni yomsebenzi omkhulu wezinzwa. Ngisho ne-Spacex ikubheka njengemfuneko engaba khona ngezinhlelo zayo.
Uma lo msebenzi usebenza kumongo weBlockchain, ke amajene awavuki. Kufanele bavume futhi babone okwenziwa ngokoqobo ukuze kwenzeke ebhlokini. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvumelana.
Isibonelo, abavukuzi babona ukuthi umsebenzisi oyedwa ufuna ukuthumela ama-bitcoins komunye. Umphathi wokuqala ukholelwa ukuthi ukuthengiselana okunjalo kufanele kuvunyelwe. Abasolwa besibili ukuthi lo msebenzi ukhiqiza umhlaseli. Okwesithathu okuxhunyiwe kunethiwekhi futhi akuzange kuhlole okwenziwayo. Thatha isixazululo esisodwa bese ufika ekuvumelaneni.
Njengoba umsebenzi we-Byzantine Generals unezixazululo eziningana, khona-ke amabhlogo ahlukene afinyelela ukubekezelela amaphutha weByzantine esebenzisa ama-algorithms ahlukahlukene. Cabanga kakhudlwana okuvame kakhulu.
Ukuvumelana kwe-algorithms
I-blockchain isebenza ngesisekelo senethiwekhi esatshalaliswa. Asikho isikhungo esisodwa esilawula le nethiwekhi. Ukuhlela ukusebenza okuphephile kwe-blockchain, kufanele uxoxisane naye ozoba nowenzi nokuthi uzowakha kanjani amabhlokhi. Ama-Moper asebenza emithethweni echazwe ngokuqinile ebizwa nge-algorithm ye-Consensusus.
I-algorithm evumelana yindlela echaza ukuthi ikhetheke kanjani i-blockchain futhi yimuphi imithetho idala amabhlokhi.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi kudingeka ini ngokuvumelana ohlelweni lweBlockchain, cabanga abaqashi besakhiwo sefulethi. Ama-blockchas adingekayo ukuze ahlanganyele komunye nomunye futhi enze izinqumo ngokuthuthukiswa kweNdlu: Qoqa imali ukuze uguqule imali, khetha umsebenzi wokuhlinzeka ngokusebenza noma ukuqoka umsebenzi. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuxoxisana - ama-algorithms amathathu ahlukene. Ngayinye yazo isuselwe kumodeli ethile yezibalo.
Ubufakazi bomsebenzi (pow) yi-algorithm yobufakazi bomsebenzi. Maneer kungaba yinye i-vest ekhaya. Ukwakha amabhlogo amasha, kuzofanele usebenzise ikhompyutha yakhe ukuxazulula imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-cryptographic.
I-algorithm izocubungula inguqulo efanele yeBlockchain eyodwa lapho amabhlogo amahle kakhulu. Futhi iningi lamabhlogo wonke azoba kule nguqulo, ekwakhiweni kwawo abaqashi abachitha iningi lawo wonke amakhono ekhompyutha. Indlela yentando yeningi etholakele Ngakho-ke, iBlockchain cishe ayinakwenzeka ukugebha.
Ubufakazi beStake (POS) yi-algorithm yesabelo esifakazelwe sobunikazi. Ababhali beba yilabo abanezimpahla eziningi eBlockchain. Sizoba nalona abaqashi abanezindlu ezinkulu kakhulu. Futhi ku-EtherCic BlockChalter, ngokwesibonelo, kuzoba abasebenzisi abane-cryplocurrensencythth eth. Ngale algorithm, izindleko zikagesi zincane, ngoba ukudalwa kwamabhulokhi eBlockchain akusadingi ukuxazulula imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-cryptographic. Lapho sabelana nge-blockchain, okuvame ukudala amabhlogo amasha.
Uhlobo olufanele lwe-blockchain, njengobufakazi bomsebenzi, kuzothathwa njengalowo amabhlokhi amaningi kakhulu. Kepha ubufakazi besitepha ngeke babizwa ngokuthi ngentando yeningi. Iningi lamabhulokhi lizodala abahlali abaningi, kepha abaqashi abacebe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kuphephile ngisho. Uma uMajnem ungowaseningi endlini, khona-ke kuzobe kuthi ukuba kubi kwenzeke.
I-ProPS ofPundGos (PoA) iyi-algorithm yobuntu bobuntu. Kungenzeka ukuthi abaqashi babuthene futhi banquma ukuthi kuzoba nefulethi elilodwa ukudala amabhlokhi. Le algorithm isatshalaliswa emabhulokhi wangasese, avaliwe. Isibonelo, kufaneleka kahle ukuphatha indlu efulethini kusuka esibonelweni sethu.
Umgodi okhethiwe uqobo ukhetha uhlobo lweqiniso lwe-blockchain. Kuzofanela azikhombe ukuze bonke abahlali bamkholwe. Uma ngesinye isikhathi abaqashi bazoyeka ukuba amakhonsoli nezixazululo ze-maneer, bazokwazi ukwabela omunye. Umphathi omusha uzoqala ukwakha uchungechunge lwayo lwamabhulokhi, futhi i-blockchain yakudala izoba khona ngokwahlukana. Inqubo enjalo eBlockchain ibizwa nge-Hardforka.
Ama-algorithms avumelana kakhulu. Hlala usungula okusha, kepha lezi zintathu ziziwa kakhulu, zivivinywe isikhathi futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa.
Ukugcina
Kumanye amanethiwekhi ontanga-kuya-kontanga kukhona ukungathembani phakathi kwababambiqhaza. EBlockchain, abavukuzi baxazulula le nkinga. Labo basebenzisi abahlola ukuthengiselana futhi bangeze kuphela amabhlokhi amasha.
Isihloko sango-1982 sichaza umsebenzi weByzantine Generances. Yayichazwa okokuqala e-Algorithm yokuthi inethiwekhi ingaqhubeka kanjani nokusebenza, noma ngabe ezinye zezindawo zenqatshelwa noma zihlukunyezwe kabi.
Ku-blockchain, izinhlobo ezintathu zama-algorithms avumelana:
- Ubufakazi bomsebenzi (pow) yi-algorithm yobufakazi bomsebenzi.
- Ubufakazi beStake (POS) yi-algorithm yesabelo esifakazelwe sobunikazi.
- I-ProPS ofPundGos (PoA) iyi-algorithm yobuntu bobuntu.