Umthwebuli wezithombe waseMelika uMarie Kosyplas waguqula isithombe sombala ngohlobo lobuciko oluhlukile. Kuma-60s, lapho kuphela isithombe esimnyama nesimhlophe sabonakala kakhulu, iMonochm ngokuphelele ngoMoya kaDiana Arbus noRichard Avedon, waphikisana nalawa manje, wagxila ezivivinyweni ezinamafilimu anemibala ePolaracolor ePolaroid. I-Rembrandt Portraits ye-kosplandas, impilo ebukeka kahle yokuqukethwe okungachazeki nemibala yenza kube yinkosi eyingqayizivele. Wadala i-niche yakhe esithombeni, ngaphambi kokuba isikhathi sethu akekho noyedwa ophupha ngisho nokungena kuwo.
Ubukhulu buveze amathuba wombala esithombeni uyakwazi umuntu ongumculi. Ukuphathwa kombala kufana nokubhala isithombe, ukudlala insimbi yomculo, kwakha isithombe esibaziweyo. Umbhali kufanele ahole umbala kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni. Lindela umphumela ongaba khona, ukhetha uhlobo lwefilimu, izithombe zalo, usebenzisa izihlungi ze-Lenzovy, unaka izinguquko zombala ekwakheni nasekuphrintweni. Le yinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yezobuchwepheshe edinga ukukhuthazela, isibindi, ukulungela ukucubungula ngokungakhathali.
UMarie Kosplandas ebusheni bakhe wafunda ukudweba nokupenda emakilasini okuhlwa esikoleni saseBoston Museum. Ntambama, waqeqeshwa esikoleni sanamuhla sokuklama esikoleni. I-Kosplandas yayinesifiso sokusebenza nezicubu, yaklama izindwangu, okwesikhashana kube nomxhumanisi wombala ngefemu ebibambisene nokukhiqizwa kabusha komnyuziyamu.
Lesi sithombe safika empilweni ngengozi. UGreekunka ngemvelaphi, waya eholidini kubazali bakamama. Izindawo zasendaweni zazihlaba umxhwele, uMarie Scheckled non-stop. Wayefuna ukuletha izithombe eziningi ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze azisebenzise lapho ebhala izindawo zomhlaba. Kakade lapho kufika khona ukuthi izindlela zonyawo zizenele ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke kwaba nesifiso sokufunda isithombe.
Labo ababekwazi uMarie uqobo bamchaza njengowesifazane omncane owayehlala ekhuluma buthule. Idatha yayo yangaphandle yayididekile yiwo wonke amakhadi, ngoba isimilo seKospridas kwakuyinsimbi, bekungenakwenzeka ukuyeka, kuyadida, akakwamukelanga ukwehluleka.
Ukuthatha isinqumo sokuba ngumthwebuli wezithombe eminyakeni engama-36 ubudala, uMarie wayefisa ukufunda kusuka okuhle kakhulu. Uyakhanga umhlangano wokufundisa womthwebuli wezithombe odumile waseMelika u-Adams, kodwa wathola ukwenqaba. UMarie wabe esembiza yena uqobo futhi waqala ukunquma namanje ukumthatha ukuze aqeqeshe, kepha u-Adams wahlala enamazinga. UKosdwas wamphuca ngezincwadi, etshela izingcingo aze anikele futhi wamvumela ukuba avele eCalifornia ukuze aqeqeshe.
Imibala emincane ye-monochrome ye-monochrome yesithombe, ama-adams aqaphele ukuthi izingoma ezidalwe yiKosprdas ngokuyinhloko umbala.
"UMarie," wamtshela. - Lokhu kuyinto enhle, kepha unemibala. Awukwazi ukugqamisa i-gamut emnyama futhi emhlophe ehlukile kuyo. Ucabanga ngombala.
I-Encam Adams yamholela kumsunguli wePolaroid Corporation Edwina Land. Umhlaba ubufuna abathwebuli bezithombe abangahlola i-batch yefilimu entsha yePolacolor. Phakathi kwezithombe eziyishumi nambili, i-Kosyprdas yaqala ukuzama, lapho inesitoko esingenamkhawulo sesithombe salokhu.
UKosdwas wenza njengomtholi. Ngena ensimini engachazeki, yahlela isifundo sangempela esahlala cishe iminyaka emithathu. Waba iphayona lezithombe zobuciko ezinemibala e-United States, ngoba kwamukeleka ngombala ekuqaleni kwamukelwa ukukhangisa.
Uyedwa nje akazange athole ifilimu. Uthathe izithombe ezakhiweni ezifudumele kuze kube ngama-degree angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Iphrintiwe ngezihlungi zeScotch ezinama-shades afudumele (imvamisa i-orange, ephuzi, onsomi) ngaphezulu kwamalensi. Khulisa isikhathi sokuvezwa, ukususwa okuvewu ngemuva kobumnyama, cishe kusihlwa, kufinyelela ukujula kwezindwangu zikaDembrandt. Kosdwas ngokoqobo ngopende ngombala, wamnika izici ezintsha, izithunzi. Abaningi bazama ukumlingisa, kepha akekho noyedwa owayezofika ukuze athole umphumela onjalo.
Amahora amaningi okuhlola asiza ukuthi aqonde umlingo wesithombe sePolaroid, ukuthembela kokuphelelwa yithemba okuvela emazingeni okushisa. Kwavela ukuthi eFalmth Polaroid enikeza ukuzala kombala wemvelo ngokwengeziwe, ngaphandle kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
"Ngifuna ukuqonda imfihlakalo yombala uqobo," kusho uKosplas kwinhlolokhono eyodwa. "Imvamisa, ukuthwebula izithombe ekugcineni kosuku, kulokhu uRembrandt ukhethe ukupenda. Ngakho-ke phezu kombala kubonakala kumathunzi amahle kakhulu. Ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi azinakushibilika njenganoma ngubani. Mhlawumbe kunzima ngokwengeziwe. I-Lorism, imfihlakalo yombala isiginesha yami.
Ukucwiliswa ku- "Imemori esibukweni" kuvumela umthwebuli wezithombe ukukhombisa ukuhluka kwawo. UMarie Kospridas wangena kulesi sibuko ngekhanda lakhe. Ukhiphe zonke izinto zokuzilibazisa zezingane zakhe, imicabango, amaphupho avela kuyo.
Uzalelwe emndenini omkhulu (uMarie waba nabafowabo nodadewethu abayisishiyagalolunye), wayehlala efulethini eliminyene, eligcwele abantu. Lapho kuchithwa intombazane kwakukhona ekhoneni elinekhabethe elincane elakhelwe ngaphakathi. Waba ngumgcinimafa wakhe. Usuku lonke uMarie wabeka ama-baubles abo, onodoli, izikhumbuzo. Njengokuncane amashumi amane, wadonsela endaweni yakhe yokukhosela yonke into etholakele.
Kakade, ngingumthwebuli wezithombe, e-baroque yakhe, ngomunye umuntu okhishini, kusalokhu kuphila, emoyeni we-climp kanye ne-caravaggio, uKospridas wabuyela entshisekelweni yezingane ezindala, wambuza njengomculi. Kudalwe imihlaba kusuka onodoli, izimbali, amabhodlela amakha, izindwangu zokunquma, imifino, ingilazi, ubuhlalu, izithombe ezindala, imaski, zingena egangeni eliyimfihlo lezinhlamvu. Isibukeli asikwazi kodwa ukuqagela - ziqoqwe ngengozi, noma i-kaleidoscope yezinto - i-cipher edinga ukuxazululwa. Wayengalithandi igama elithi "namanje impilo" (ngokoqobo "imvelo efile"), ikholelwa ukuthi ezingomani zayo, izinto zazinyakaza njalo.
Ukukhanya kwakhe okuthandayo kwakungu "ukukhanya kwemini ngosuku olunamafu kusuka enyakatho." Ukuhlwa, izinga lokushisa legumbi, izihlungi zemibala, zamsiza ukuba asuse imidwebo ehlukile, ejulile, ebukekayo.
Ochungechungeni oluthi "Dandy" kanye "noDam Dames of Couture", wasusa ama-Yves Saint-Larent, u-Andy Horhol, umlobi weTrumen, umbhali, umlobi we-Tom Wolf, uPeggy Guggenheim nabanye abaningi.
Encwadini ethi "Marie Kosyprdas: Izithombe ezinemibala" UTom Wolfe ochazwe esingeni, njengoba ukudubula kwakhe kwenzeka:
- Ngavula umnyango ngabona owesifazane omncane. Uphethe isikhwama sezemidlalo, cishe usayizi ofanayo naye uqobo. Ilala kuyo, phakathi kwayo kwakungekho madivayisi wokukhanya. Usebenze kuphela ngokukhanya kwemvelo. Ngemuva kokungibuka, izwi elithule kakhulu licele ukuguqula izingubo libe isudi emhlophe, faka uthayela oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amasokisi alolo mbozo, faka iduku eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephaketheni lakhe. Lapho ngibuya, angishongo lutho. Kufakwe kuphela i-tripod yasendulo, futhi hhayi ikhamera efanayo yakudala naye (kosplandas ayizange idubule i-polaroid, ukudubula, wasebenzisa igumbi le-Linhof 4x5 elisetshenzisiwe, elikhokhisa amapuleti efilimu ngePolacolor enemibala). Uveze ukuthi uzohlala kuphi phansi futhi amaSama uqobo anyamalala ngaphansi kombhede omnyama. Ngemuva kohlaka ngalunye, kwavela buthule, wahlukanisa ifilimu ebusweni bepuleti, wahlola umphumela wanyamalala futhi. Akazange angikhombise izithombe, akazange asho lutho. Kususwe kuze kube yilapho igama elithi "uMnu. Ehle" anyamalale ebusweni bami futhi ngayeka ukucabanga ngalokho engikubonayo.
I-Yves Saint-Laurean Kospridas isuse abafake izicathulo, ehembe elikhanyayo, lichichima amafoltela akhumbuza i-vanveras yeVermeer. Esithombeni, u-Andy Warhol uyalele ukuthi asuse inqwaba yemfucumfucu, evimba umnyango womlilo esitudiyo sakhe, abeke umculi eCornice, abuyele ezitebhisini, abuyele ezitebhisini.
Lapho bobabili uchungechunge belumi ngomumo, babangela ukubaluleka okukhulu emnyuziyamu wemnyuziyamu wobuciko besimanje noJohn SharkOvski. Ubuye waphakamisa iKosPrdas ukuvezwa kweSolo ngokwenza umfazi wayo wesihlanu emlandweni wemnyuziyamu, owayenombukiso wakhe. Ekukhishweni kwabezindaba, uSharkki wabhala: "Izithombe zakhe zingokoqobo futhi zibaluleke njengevemvane njengevemvane." Izimemo zombukiso zithunyelwa kumakhadi aminyene ngesithombe sangasese esicwebezelayo semibala evayini.
Kufika kuma-80s kozosndas ngomunye wabathwebuli bezithombe abadumile kakhulu baseMelika. Usebenze ngokudutshulwa kwamafilimu e-CULT, ngemikhiqizo edumile. Ukushona kwelanga kwenkazimulo yako kuchaza ukukhula kokuthandwa kokwenziwa kwezithombe okubhaliwe. Wayengafuni ukuvimba imihlaba yawo yamaphupho, efuna inhloso, ukupenda ozimele. Umthwebuli wezithombe uqobo washo kahle ngaleso sikhathi: "Izithombe zami azizange ziphume emfashinini, bavele bayeka ukubonwa."
Waba nomthelela ngokungathi sína ubuhlakani nezinkinga zikaMarie ngomhlane wakhe. UKosdwas wenza imisebenzi eminingana enzima, ngeke esakwazi ukuphatha imishini eqinile yezithombe futhi abhekane nakho.
UMarie Kosplandas wayephakathi kwabambalwa bezithombe abakwazile ukusinda ekuzijabuliseni komsebenzi. Ngo-2013, kuneminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala, wabuya nombukiso omkhulu emnyuziyamu wobuciko baseMelika u-Amon Carter, kanye ne-solo resure enkulu enkabeni ye-University of Boston. Ukusuka ezandleni zikaTom Wolf Kosplandas uthole umvuzo wempumelelo yempilo yonke.
Ngo-93, uMarie Kospridas wafunda inkulumo kanye nomhlangano e-University of Massachusetts. Naphezu kokuguga kwakhe, kwakumnandi, kugcwele amandla, ukuhlangana nabangane, kufakwe ezinkumbulweni, kukhathazeke ukwenyuka kokudala. Onjalo wakhumbula abantu abaseduze, ozakwabo.
Emavikini amabili emva kwekuchubeka, umthwebuli wezithombe kancane kancane ngebanda eliqinile, lendvodza liphenduke inyumoniya. NgoMeyi 25, 2017, kukhona ukuphinda kwabuya, futhi uMarie Kospridas akazange.
UMarie uthi: "Wayengajwayelekile, wayenomuzwa omuhle wokuhlekisa. - Ifulethi lakhe lokunethezeka lagcwala ukudideka okuhlelekile. Ugcine konke okungafakwa esithombeni. Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokugula, ngabuza: Kungani udinga i-foil eluhlaza, lapho amaswidi ama-mint asonga khona. Uphendule wathi: "Mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku uzofika elusizo." Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi ehlushwa yizinkinga ngomhlane wakhe, ngenxa yazo kwakunzima kuye ukuba athuthe, kodwa umanti akazange alale. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi akakaze akwazi ukubhala ama-memes, izindaba eziningi ezinhle zahamba naye.
Omvelaphi beKospridas bagcinwa esimweni esihle kakhulu, wabagcina ngokucophelela. Labo ababone izifinyezo ziyaqinisekisa - ukukhiqizwa kabusha, ama-Implints, isabelo sabakhulu asidlulisi ubuhle bangempela, bajabule ngokuchithwa kombala, izithombe zalo kufanele zibonwe bukhoma.
Kulezi zinsuku, ingxenye yezithombe zikaSprinta itholakala eqoqweni le-Art Museum kaJ. Paul Ghetty (eCalifornia, Los Angeles).
Umbhali: Inna Moskalchuk
