AmaGypsies athi bangabantu abacebile kunabo bonke. Njengoba izinganekwane zabo zisho, ezinye izizwe uNkulunkulu ezabelwe izinhlayiya zomhlaba kuphela, futhi ama-gypsies anikela umhlaba wonke. Futhi empeleni, kungenzeka ukuhlangana nabamele lesi sizwe kunoma iyiphi indawo yeplanethi yethu, emazweni ahluke ngokuphelele.
Kuyisici esinjalo samaGypsies abangela imibuzo abacwaningi, ngoba ukuvunywa kwemvelaphi yabantu kuyadingeka ukuthola izimpande zakhe. Igcina isiko lakho elimangalisayo nelikhanyayo, abantu abangama-gypsy bahlala beyimfihlakalo - ekhangayo, kepha akwaziwa. Yini engayixoxa indaba yamaGypsies? Kwakungobani okhokho babo? Futhi izizwe zamaGypsy zaphumelela kanjani emhlabeni wonke?
Ukusho iqiniso
Ukuqala ukwazana nanoma ngubani abantu kufanele ahlole igama lakhe, ngoba kungenzeka kube nezici ezithile zomlando nokwakheka. Inketho edume kakhulu yama-Gypsies azizayo kwakuyigama elithi "rum" noma "roma".
Okujabulisayo, kuya ngesifunda sokuphila, ukuqanjwa kwamagama kungashintsha. Isibonelo, "Iscrap" sisetshenziswa e-Armenia. Ngokusho kwezilimi, lezi zincazelo zizokhuphukela egameni le-Indo-European "D'Om", umsindo wokuqala ongaguqukayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Igama elijwayelekile elithi "romala" livela okokuqala ngqa entshonalanga 'nempilo kaSt. George Aphonsky ", yiphilela ikhulu le-XI. Kulapho lapho ungabona igama elithi "Atcitan", elalisetshenziswa kwizinhlanga. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGreek, kusho ukuthi "akunakuthintwa". Okwenza kusetshenziswe kahle incazelo enjalo - akunakwenzeka, kepha igama lilungiswe ngokuqinile lesi sizwe.
Uma unezilimi zakwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi isiNgisi, khona-ke impela usuyikhumbule elinye igama lamaRoma. AbaseBrithani bababiza ngokuthi "Jeepsi" - Ngokufanekisa nabaseGibhithe. Umqondo onjalo ubonise imibono yakudala mayelana namaGypsies njengabaFundie kubokufika eGibhithe.
Umsuka we-gypsy
Njengoba i-gypsy ayinakubhalela isikhathi eside, kwafika kuphela izinganekwane zalaba bantu ngalesi sikhathi ngemvelaphi yayo. Kepha amaqiniso, alashe, kancane, ngakho-ke kufanele wakhe ama-hypotheses amaningi ngokwengeziwe. Ku- "Brockhaus and Efron" Dictionary, kuthiwa ama-Gypsies anezimpande zaseNdiya, ezasungulwa ngabacwaningi abaningana ngekhulu le-XVIII.
Okuvame kakhulu, ngakho-ke, "Isikhulu", iphuzu lososayensi liyancishiswa ukuba libe usuku lokuzalwa lwamadlozi lwama-gypsies anamuhla kwakuyizifundazwe zaseNdiya zaseGujarat naseRajasthan. Izakhi zofuzo futhi ziqinisekisa le nguqulo, noma kunjalo, kuyaphawulwa ukuthi ukwahlukana kwezizwe zasendlini kwenzeka kungakapheli ikhulu lesi-5 lesikhathi sethu.
Kepha kanjani futhi kungani okhokho bakwaGypsies banquma ukushiya izwe labo lendabuko? Le mibuzo, ngisho nezazi-mlando zikaMast ngeke zinikeze izimpendulo ezinembile. Kukholakala ukuthi iqembu elincane lamaNdiya lathunyelwa enkosini yasePheresiya.
Akunakwenzeka ukuyikhipha ekuthi ngokuzayo amaGypsies ahlukaniswe, futhi enye ingxenye yazo yaya emazweni asePalestine, enye eya eGibhithe (nansi incazelo yegama elithi "DJIPS"). Futhi lapha, futhi, ngiphinde ngincome ukuxhumana nedatha eqondile yesimanje - iGenetics. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kwamaGypsies ekuqaleni kwakuyindlela e-ATTONE, ngoba ekuqaleni bamelela isakhiwo esingokobuhlanga okukhona lapho kwakungekho ukungcola kwangaphandle.
AmaGypsies entshonalanga Yurophu
Insimu yamazwe aseYurophu, amaRoma aqhamuka eByzantium. EMbusweni WaseByzantine, babaphatha ngendlela ekhethekile, bezabela emphakathini, kodwa lokhu bekungahloselwe ukwephulwa kwamalungelo noma okufanayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla anamandla aphindaphinde kwaqhuma amaRoma Omunye wabokuqala ukuya e-Europe wafika izakhi eziseceleni, okuyi-Drafters, iziphanzi kanye nabathakathi, okuthonyele isimo esingesihle sabantu baseYurophu kubameleli besizwe sonke.
Ukuziphatha okunzima kwama-gypsies, ukuvela kwamanani abo angondlekweni ngokumelene nesizinda sezomnotho emazweni aseYurophu kwaphenduka abantu baye eqenjini elikhethekile, okuvame ukuvela). Ngasikhathi sinye, ukucwaswa kwe-gypsy kwaqashelwa.
Ababhali N. Bessonov noN. Demeter encwadini yakhe "Umlando WamaRoma. Ukubukeka okusha "kuholela imininingwane elandelayo:
"EMoravia, ama-gypsies anqume indlebe kwesobunxele eBohemia. E-EccrgeZogenia, i-Austrian yathandwa ngumkhiqizo nokunye. Mhlawumbe ononya kunabo bonke baphendukela kuFriedrich Wilhelm I Prussian. Ngo-1725, wayala ukufa kwawo wonke ama-gypsies owesilisa nowesifazane ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili. "Njengoba ubona, sekuvele ngokuqothulwa kolaka lwabantu. Noma kunjalo, amaRom akwazile ukusinda futhi alondoloze - hhayi kuphela ama-ethos abo, kodwa futhi nesiko lokuqala elivamile, namuhla eliba abalandeli ngokwengeziwe.
EMpumalanga Yurophu naseRussia
Kepha uma eNtshonalanga Yurophu, isimo sengqondo esingesihle esiphathelene nezizwe zamaGypsy sabonwa, khona-ke omakhelwane base-Eastern bakwaYurophu babehluke ngokuphelele. Lapho, ama-Gypsies afakazele bona njengezingcweti ezinamakhono, ama-blacksmiths, izimbungulu.
Ngisho nabase-Ottoman abathumba iYurophu, kwaba nenqubomgomo ethambile ethambile maqondana neRom. Maye, futhi lapha akubinazi ngaphandle kokuhlukile okudabukisayo. EBildavian nasezindaweni ezithinta izimoto, lapho ubuKristu busakazeka khona ngokushesha, ngendelelo lihlobene namaGypsies. Bamenyezelwa izigqila zokuzalwa.
Isimemezelo sango-1852 sithi:
"Isigodlo saseSt. Izigqila zezigqila zokuqala ze-Gypsy zibekelwe zizothengiswa, ngoMeyi 8, 1852, ezinamadoda ayi-18, abafana abayi-10, abesifazane abangu-7 namantombazane amahle. "Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi eMbusweni waseRussia kuma-Gypsies angenabo ubudlelwano obungalingani. AbaseRussia, ngokungangabazeki, babonga ikhono lamaGypsi azonakekela amahhashi, izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zabagibeli. Abamele abaningi balaba bantu babhaliswa emashalofini amahhashi. Noma kunjalo, kumarekhodi wesazi-mlando saseRussia S.M.SolovYov, kusho obala ngokusobala: "Gypsy .... Babala abantu bayingozi ngenxa yokungafundi kanye nokufakelwa kwabo ".
Kuyiqiniso, ama-Gypsies anelungelo lokukhubekiswa ukuze aphikeke ngokufana nombono wabantu babo. Ngeshwa, kunjalo impela lapho "isipuni sishaywa ngumgqomo wempango yeMöday." Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi phakathi kwamaGypsies namuhla lapho kuphambi kwabantu abathembekile kunabo bonke, abakhohlwa ukuthi abaningi abameleli bale ethbos avulekile, abanethalente, bazinikela ngobuqotho emsebenzini wabo wamadlozi.