UBismarck wathi amaRussia ahlala ethola imali yawo. Ingabe kunjalo?
Ngemuva kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, ngokusho kukaZilinganiso, iJalimane ibuyisa imali engaphansi kwamahlanu yomonakalo obangelwa umnotho weSoviet Union.
Umonakalo
Ukulimala okuqondile kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-USSR, ngokusho kwezilinganiso zeKhomishini Yezimo Eziphuthumayo, kwakusezinhlangeni ezilinganayo, ezingamadola ayizinkulungwane eziyi-128. Ukulimala okujwayelekile - amadola ayizigidi ezingama-357. Ukwethula ukuthi kwanele kangakanani ukusho ukuthi ngo-1944 umkhiqizo wezwe lonke we-United States (ngokwemininingwane esemthethweni yoMnyango Wezentengiselwano wase-US) wayengu-361.3 billion.
Ukulimala Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo (Ngokusho kwemibiko ye-CGC, okuvezwe kwinqubo yeNuremberg) okubalelwa ku-30% wengcebo kazwelonke ye-USSR; Emasimu eSoviet Union, ababesebenza - cishe ama-67%. Umnotho wezwe wawungonakalise ama-ruble angama-679 ama-ruble (ezizweni zango-1941).
I-Stalin ephanayo
Izimiso kanye nemigomo yokuphindiswa kokuphindiswa kweJalimane kanye nabalingani bayo bakhonjwe ezingqungqutheleni ze-Yalta nasePotsdam ka-1945. Ukubhalwa Kwezinkulumo ze-Yalta kugcinwe. Kuyabonakala ukuthi umholi waseSoviet wakhombisa ukuphana okungakaze kubonwe. Uhlongoze ukusungula iJalimane inani eliphelele lokuphindiswa ngenani lamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20, uhhafu walesi sibalo kwakuwukuthola iSoviet Union njengezwe elenza umnikelo omkhulu kakhulu ekunqobeni nasekucindezelekeni kakhulu impi. I-Churchill kanye noRoosevelt nesiphakamiso se-stalInist ngokubhuka okuncane okuvunyelwene ngangokuthi asimangali - ama-10 billion amadola ayinani elilinganiselwe le-USSR USSR ye-liza yomhlaba.
Ngosizo lokuphindiswa okunjalo, yi-8% kuphela yomonakalo oqondile ovela empini ongambozwa, ama-2.7% wenani eliphelele lokulimala. Kungani uhhafu? Kungani uStalin eYalta asho ngokuphindisela "okuhlaziyeleni"? Iqiniso lokuthi wathatha ukwahlukana okunjalo "hhayi kusuka ophahleni" kuqinisekiswa izibalo zanamuhla. I-West German Economist B. Enruks kanye ne-French Economist A. UClaude wenze umsebenzi omuhle, enza ukuhlolwa kwezindleko zezabelomali zamazwe ahlanganyelayo eMpi Yezwe II nokulahleka komnotho kwamazwe alwayo.
Ngokusho kwabo, izindleko zesabelomali sezempi kanye nomonakalo oqondile wezomnotho wama-curls amakhulu ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili efinyelela (ngamanani angu-1938) ama-968.3 amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane zezigidi). Esikhathini esiphelele sezindleko zamasosha zezabelomali, ababambiqhaza abangu-7 abaphambili empini e-USSR babalwa ngo-30%. Esikhathini esiphelele somonakalo oqondile emsoconi wamazwe amahlanu aphambili welungu e-USSR kubalwa ngo-57%. Esiphelele isamba sokulahleka okuphelele kwamazwe amane, iSoviet Union yayine-50%.
Izindondo eziyisisekelo
Ngeminyaka yama-1990s, ososayensi baseRussia uBoris Kneyshevsky kanye neMikhail Semiryoe Amadokhumenti ashicilelwe amadokhumenti e-Main Trophy Management. Ngokusho kwabo, baphuthunyiswe cishe izimoto eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-400 eSoviet Union (okuyizinqola zokwakha izinkulungwane ezingama-288, izitshalo ezingama-940, amakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-340, amakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-1, ama-235 amakhanda emfuyo, 2 , Amathani ayizigidi ezintathu okusanhlamvu, amathani ayisigidi amazambane nemifino, isigamu samathani ayisigidi namafutha, amalitha angama-20 otshwala, amathani ayi-16 kagwayi.
Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando uMikhail Semiryagi, ngonyaka owodwa emva kukaMashi 1945, iziphathimandla eziphakeme kakhulu zeSoviet Union zathatha izinqumo eziyinkulungwane eziphathelene nokukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi angama-4389 avela eJalimane, e-Austria, eHungary nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Futhi cishe amafektri ayinkulungwane athunyelwa e-USSR evela eManchuria naseKorea. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu akukhona ukuqhathanisa nenombolo yezitshalo ezichithwe phakathi nempi.
Inani le-USSR elidisiwe lamabhizinisi aseJalimane liba ngaphansi kwe-14% yenani langaphambi kwempi lamafektri. Ngokusho kukaNikolai Voznesensky, ongusihlalo we-USSR we-USSR, ukuhlinzekwa kwemishini ye-trophy kusuka eJalimane kuphela u-0.6% womonakalo oqondile we-USSR wawumboziwe.
Izinkampani ezihlangene zeSoviet
Ithuluzi elisebenzayo lezinkokhelo zokuphindiselela eSoviet Union lenziwa endaweni ye-East German German Trade Nezinkampani ezihlangene. Lokhu kwakuyinhlangano ehlanganyelwe, ekhanda lawo ababevame ukuba ngumqondisi jikelele ovela e-USSR. Lokhu bekuzuzisa ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: Okokuqala, i-SAO yenze ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukuhumusha imali yokuphindisela ngesikhathi esifanele, kanti okwesibili, i-SAO yahlinzeka abahlali base-East Germany, baxazulule inkinga yokuqashwa ngokweqile.
Ngokwezilinganiso zeMikhail Semiryagi, ngo-1950, isabelo sezinkampani ezihlangene ezihlangene ezindlini zokukhiqiza izimboni zeReduclialic yaseJalimane kwakuyisilinganiso esingu-22%. Kwezinye izindawo, njenge-elekthronikhi, imboni yamakhemikhali namandla, le ndaba yayiphakeme kakhulu.
Izingcingo zeReichSkancell e-USSR
Ukusuka eJalimane kuya eSoviet Union, imishini, kufaka phakathi okuyinkimbinkimbi, kuthathwe yizimoto, e-USSR futhi kwaletha ama-cruise liners kanye nezimoto zezitimela ze-Berlin Metro. Ama-telescopes athathwe embukelani wezinkanyezi e-University of Humboldt. I-Ource Engathathwanga ifakwe amafektri eSoviet, njenge-Krasnodar Compressor Plant, ifakwe ngokuphelele ngemishini yaseJalimane. Ebhizinisini leKemerovo, iCoao Nitrogen nanamuhla sebenza ku-1947 trophy compressors yenkampani SchwarzkoPF.
Esiteshini socingo seMoscow Central (amakamelo aqala "222" - Lesi siteshi sasebenza ikomidi elisemaphakathi le-CPSU) kuze kube yilapho kusetshenziswa imishini ye-1980 yocingo ye-ReichSkancelary. Ngisho nemishini ekhethekile ye-wireteting, esetshenziswe ngemuva kwempi ye-IGB kanye ne-KGB bekungukukhiqizwa kwamaJalimane.
Igoy troy
Abaphenyi abaningi bayabona ukuthi emkhakheni wezobuciko, indondo ebaluleke kakhulu yeSoviet yaba yinto ebizwa ngokuthi "umcebo" noma "izinto eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-9 ezitholwe nguHeinrich Shliman ekumbiweni kweTroy). Amagugu eTrojan afihlwe amaJalimane kwenye yezinhlelo zokuvikela umoya endaweni ye-Berlin Zoo. Umbhoshongo ngokuyisimangaliso akazange ahlupheke. UProfesa uProfesa uWilhelm Unfersagt udlulise umcebo wePriama kanye neminye imisebenzi yobuciko basendulo umkhuzi waseSoviet.
NgoJulayi 12, 1945, yonke iqoqo lafika eMoscow. Ingxenye yemibukiso yahlala enhlokodolobha, kanti enye yadluliswa eHermitage. Isikhathi eside, indawo yegolide yeTrojansky ibingaziwa, kepha ngo-1996 i-pushkin Museum yenza umbukiso wale ngcebo engavamile. "Ingcebo kaPriama" Germany ayibuyanga kuze kube manje. Kodwa-ke, iRussia ayinalungelo elithile kuye, ngoba uSchliman washada nendodakazi yomthengisi waseMoscow kwakuyizikhonzi zaseRussia.
Ukuxoxa
OkweSoviet Union, ingqikithi yokuphindiswa kwamaJalimane yavalwa ngo-1953, lapho uMoscow enqaba ngokuphelele izinto zokuphindisela ezivela eJalimane Democratic RepublicIc, ezokhokhela amanani e-CWEA. NgoJanuwari 1, 1954, isivumelwano esihlanganyelwe se-USSR nePoland ukuze sinqamule iqoqo lokuphindiswa kusuka e-USSR. Kodwa-ke, lesi sihloko siseyingxoxo. Futhi hhayi ukuphela kwamasekela amaduna aseDuma, kodwa futhi ososayensi baseNtshonalanga bakhuluma ngokungabi nabulungisa okungokomlando.
Ngokusho koProfesa waseMelika uSutton (The Book Sutton A. Westn Technology) wokuphindiselela kweJalimane kanye nabalingani bawo bavunyelwe kuphela ama-40% ukunxephezela ukulahlekelwa yi-USSR emandleni ezimboni zempi. Izibalo ezenziwa yi-American "Bureau of Strategic Services" ngo-Agasti 1944 zikhombise idijithi yokuphindiselwa kwe-USSR okungenzeka ngo- $ 105.2 etholwe ngesisekelo sempi.
Ngokuqondene nemithi ye-reich yesithathu, iFinland kwakuwukuphela kwezwe elikhokhele ngokuphelele ukuphindiselwa kwe-USSR ngenani lezigidi ezingama- $ 226,5.