NgoJanuwari 28 eKyrgyzstan uzothatha ukunikezwa koMongameli okhethiwe uSadyr Zaparov. Umkhosi wokwenza isizotha: Ngemuva kwegagasi lokugxekwa kwi-Intanethi, inhloko yoMbuso entsha icele ukuthi ikomidi lokuhlela lisike izindleko, lenqabe i-tuple nedemoni lokugudla. Isabelo sengonyama esimenyiwe emcimbini sizothatha abasekeli abajwayelekile baseZhaparov. Iqiniso lokuthi ukwethenjwa okuyinhloko kwe-trust kucishe kube ngu-80% wezinqubomgomo zabavoti nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zilindelwe kuye ngobudlelwano nabalingani be-Eaeu, engxoxweni ne-Eurasia. Isazi satshela uSihlalo weqembu leklabhu yochwepheshe besifunda "pikir", umhlaziyi wezepolitiki umhlaziyi u-Igor Shestakov.
- Ngesikhathi esifushane, uSadirir Zaparov ukwazile ukugxila ezandleni zakhe cishe wonke amandla eKyrgyzstan - Wathatha indawo kamongameli weJeendlovuekov, kanye namaphini ePhalamende - abambe inkomba. Ngemuva kwalokho wabeka ubulili bakhe eHhovisi likaMongameli, futhi ngokuwina abancintisana naye, wazuza ukhetho. Yini imfihlo yokuthandwa kwayo?
- Sadyr zhaparov ngusopolitiki we-atypical weKyrgyzstan, okwazile ukuba ngamanani amakhulu hhayi ngenxa yamathuba amakhulu ezezimali, iqembu lezepolitiki eliyisisekelo noma ukusekelwa kwabezindaba. Imbuzi yakhe eyinhloko kwakuwumfanekiso we- "Kyrgyz Robin Guda", yibaphi izakhamizi zezindawo zasemakhaya ikakhulukazi ezihlobanisa "umfana wabo", zilungele ukulwa nokwenza ngcono isimo sabo sezomnotho. Lokhu kutholwe ngenxa yezinkundla zokuxhumana nabantu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uZaparov ngokwakhe wavuma ukuthi ezindaweni zasejele, exhunywe ngqo nabantu abalula, enamaqembu akhe ekilasini, ku-Facebook, Instagram, ngakho-ke sikhuluma ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zeKyrgyzstania, lapho usopolitiki owayekhuluma njalo Imodi ye-inthanethi.
Ngokuvamile, kusukela ngo-2010, lapho iZaparov, kanye neqembu eliphikisayo "i-Ata Jururt" yanqoba ukhetho lwePhalamende, yayinomfanekiso oqinile wenqubomgomo engaguquki, ilungele ukuvikela izimiso zayo angazange zisishintshe isihlalo noma amanye amalungelo avela emandleni . Azikho izisekelo ezinjalo ezepolitiki yaseKyrgyz, kusukela e-Atambayev, iBakiyev nase-Otunbayev, eza emandleni e-Atambayev, ezabeka i-Otuncayeva, zihlale ezikhundleni eziphezulu emiphakathini lapho zigcina zenza khona kakhulu ekugcineni.
Esinye isici seZhaparov - Akwazile ukunqoba isiFunda Sendabuko, esibhalise ukusekelwa kwabasekeli eSouth nasenyakatho yeRiphabhulikhi, eqinisekiswe yimiphumela yokhetho.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ngokuthandwa ngumongameli omusha phakathi kwababelethi bezabasebenzi eRussia: Nakhu, imiphumela yokuvota yayikuvumiswa.
- In Kyrgyzstan, manje sekuyinkimbinkimbi yezomnotho nezenhlalo nezepolitiki. Malini lesi simo esanele ngomfanekiso 'wesoka lakhe', onikezwe ukuthi abantu ngeke bondle ukuxhumana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana?
- Izici ebengizikhethele zona zinikeza isahluko esisha sombuso umbono othile wokuphepha. Kodwa-ke, manje isimo nomnotho sifana nokuwa ngaphezu kwenkinga enkulu: Ukushoda kwesabelomali sombuso kudlula ama- $ 500 million. Emuva ngoDisemba, uHulumeni wabona ukuthi kungenzeka kube nezinkinga ngezimpesheni kanye nemiholo yabasebenzi besabelomali. Ngenhlanhla, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iRussia yafika ekusindisweni, ukuhlinzeka ngohulumeni waseKyrgyz Republic isibonelelo sezigidi ezingama- $ 20 ukuze nje sibambe lo mgodi wesabelomali.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi abafudukayo abangahle bangabe bengakaze bazuze imali eRussia efanayo, bahlala "ohlangothini" ekhaya "kuhulumeni bazodinga ukwamukelwa kwezindlela zokusebenza kwezenhlalo, ezaziwayo Ukuthinta ukuqina kwezenhlalo. Izinkinga eziningi ezinkulu ezidingekayo ukunquma eminyakeni edlule. Imibuzo emikhulu futhi ebangela izici zangaphandle zokuxhaswa kwezezimali kanye nezomnotho kweRiphabhulikhi yeKyrgyz: Abanikeli bamanje badinga isimo samanje sombiko, cishe ama- $ 400 million, abelwe ukulwa nobhubhane ngo-2020, asetshenzisiwe
Ngakho-ke isitoko sesikhathi sokwenza ngcono lesi simo ezweni, cishe akukho ukuphikiswa eZaparov, futhi ukuphikiswa kuzothatha izikhali ubuchwepheshe bokuthi wasebenzisa ukuphikisana nabaphathi. Kuzoba khona ama-zhapars abantu ngasikhathi sinye futhi "umfana wabo" nomongameli, kunzima ukusho.
- Esinye sezitatimende zokuqala zeZhaparov njengoba undunankulu wayekhuluma ngesitatimende ngesidingo sokushintsha uMthethosisekelo ekubhekaneni noMongameli weBhodi. Singasho ukuthi ekugcineni wazuza inhloso yakhe. Ngokubona kwakho, kungani lo mbuzo ngaye ngaye kubaluleke kakhulu?
- Njengoba kuboniswe yimiphumela yenkomba egcinwe ngoJanuwari 10, iningi laseKyrgyzstan lisekela uhlobo lukahulumeni kamongameli. Kulokhu, uSadir Zhararov waqonda kahle isimo sabakhethiweyo bakaLevolate, ekhuluma ngokuqhuba izinguquko zomthethosisekelo. EKyrgyzstan ngo-2010, walengisa isibonakaliso esikhulu esihle esibizwa nge- "Phalamende Republic". Eqinisweni, ukubiza kabili kwePhalamende eminyakeni eyishumi edlule akuzange kwenziwe izenzo ezakhayo zokushintsha isimo ezweni kube ngcono.
IPhalamende likhunjulwa yiqiniso lokuthi iminyaka eyi-10 saba nezikhathi ezi-1-2 ngonyaka ongqongqoshe abaphambili. Amaphini ayenesifiso sokusatshalaliswa kwezihlalo zikahulumeni, futhi angatholi ulimi olujwayelekile nondunankulu, asuswe ngokuphepha, eqinisweni, eqhubeka nokuphula umnotho.
Yonke iminyaka yokuthiwa yiPhalamende ihambe kuphela umzabalazo wezinsizakusebenza. Kungashiwo ukuthi iphuzu lokugcina kule nqubo alizange lifakwe ngoJanuwari, futhi ehlobo lonyaka wokugcina, lapho ubhubhane lweCoronavirus lenza izimpilo zezinkulungwane zabantu, kanye namaphini, lapho, zihambile buthule ziye eholidini lakhe . Inkomba yoshintsho kuMthethosisekelo ekhanda lezakhamizi ezijwayelekile zenzeka ngqo ngaleso sikhathi. Iziphathimandla zePhalamende ezingenacala zibonisa ubuso bazo beqiniso. Ngasikhathi sinye, waqala ukukhuluma ngesidingo sokubuyela ohlelweni oluhambisana nokhetho lokukhethwa kuJogogo kanye nokuncishiswa kwenani lamaphini, aphakamisa ama-zhapars.
Akukho mthethosisekelo wokugcina wokugcina, ngoba isikhungo sikaMongameli sizolawulwa kanjani, ngoba, kucatshangelwa ukuthi izinguquko ezenzeka ezweni, noma ngabe iziphathimandla zeNhloko Yezwe ziyinkinga ebucayi.
- I-Zaparov akuyona nje into yezombusazwe zeKyrgyz kuphela, kodwa futhi "nehhashi elimnyama" labalingani abahlelekile baseKyrgyzstan. Ngokombono wakho, kufanelekile ukulindela ushintsho enkambweni yenqubomgomo yangaphandle ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe?
- Lapho nje uZaparov ekhethwe inhloko kahulumeni ngo-Okthoba nyakenye, wenza isitatimende esibheka iRussia umlingani we-Kyrgyzstan nokuthi ahlose ukuqhubeka nokwakha ubudlelwano obunobungane neMoscow. Ngemuva kokhetho lukamongameli, waphinde waqinisekisa inqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe ahlose ukubambisana neRussia Federation.
I-Russia ingumlingani osemqoka kanye nomhlobo weKyrgyzstan, enikeza izwe elikhulu lokusekela. Lokhu akuyona nje usizo lwezezimali nolwezezimali kuphela. Ngezindlela eziningi, umfelandawonye waseRussia uhlinzeka ngokuphepha kwethu.
Bangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-700 no-Kyrgyzstani ngisho nangesikhathi sikabhubhane esesasele eRussia. Lababantu empeleni bayi-Plower Yezokuphepha yesimo senhlalo nezomnotho ezweni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi senkinga yezomnotho ebukhali, okuthi, okubandakanya ukuqina kwezenhlalo. Lapho kuqala ubhubhane, umfelandawonye waseRussia kwakuyizwe lokuqala elisisize ngemithi, imishini ngisho nodokotela. Ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo okungenani lokhu, kuzothathwa, kuzothathwa ukusebenzisana neMoscow, okuqinisekise uMongameli okhethiwe.
Vele, lokhu akukhansele iqiniso njengokuthi omakhelwane abaseduze, njengeKazakhstan, Uzbekistan nase China, iZhaparov izokwakhiwa futhi ubudlelwano obunobungane. Impela inkambo izogcinwa ekuqiniseni ukubambisana no-Eaeu. Okokuqala, kuphathelene nokufuduka kwezabasebenzi: Izakhamizi zethu zinokuthanda okukhulu ngeNyunyana yase-Erasi. Okwesibili, wonke amakhono okuthumela ngaphandle kweKyrgyzstan yakhelwa ngesisekelo se-Eaeu.
- UZaparov uthe ulimi lwesiRussia luzogcina isimo salo esisemthethweni eKyrgyzstan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathembisa ukuthi kuzofakwa imizamo eyengeziwe ekuphathweni kwezwe ukudala izimo zokufunda. Kodwa-ke, yena ngokwakhe ake akhulume lolu limi, yize enazo ezingeni eliphakeme. Ngani?
- Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza kwamatafula ayindilinga ezifundeni engqikithini yesidingo solimi lwaseRussia eRussian Republic, ngingasho ukuthi amaKrgygyzstania ajwayelekile abathanda ukufunda. Kunezibonelo ezimbalwa lapho emakilasini anolimi lwaseRussia olufunda inani labafundi lifika kubantu abangama-70. IsiRussia siphenya umphakathi eKyrgyzstan, abazali abaningi banesifiso sokugcina izingane zabo zingafunda ngempumelelo futhi zisebenzele umfelandawonye waseRussia. Futhi ngokweqiniso i-Sadyr Zaparov, iyaqonda kahle kakhulu. Njengosopolitiki, ikakhulukazi wenza olimini lwesifundazwe, okungokwemvelo impela. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi zonke izitatimende ezithi ulimi lwaseRussia okuthiwa azinikezi ukuthuthukisa iKyrgyzyz - lezi zintukuthelo kanye nokuqagela kwezepolitiki.
- Ukubuyiselwa okubanzi emphakathini weKyrgyz kubangele imibiko mayelana nokuvulwa kukaMongameli. Ikakhulu, ukugxekwa kubhekwe kwisabelomali somkhosi, owabeka abahleli bawo. UZaparov usabele cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, uthembisa ukuthi umcimbi uzoba nesizotha. Kuzodlula kanjani, futhi ubani ozobamba iqhaza kukho?
- Ukuqinisekiswa kwalesi sahluko kuzoba semnothweni, njengoba kumenyezelwe i-Sadyr zhaparov, ngoba imininingwane esemthethweni iye yaqhamuka ukuthi izindleko zalo mcimbi zizoba yizigidi eziyi-10 [118 Izinkulungwane] zibangele izimpendulo ezimbi ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi . Ukugcwala kokugxekwa kudale ukuguquguquka kokuhamba emigwaqweni yenhloko-dolobha yoMongameli ngenxa yokugcwala kwemigwaqo emiphakathi yenhlokodolobha. UMongameli, imikhosi elukhuni nemikhosi kanye nedili yaqinisekisa kanjani iKyrgyzstan, kanye nokugcwala okukhethekile kwemigwaqo.
Abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane bamenyelwa emcimbini onesizotha uqobo: Phakathi kwalolo amasekela ePhalamende, amalungu ohulumeni, abamele izifunda, amanxusa amazwe aphesheya. Izivakashi eziphakemeyo zakwamanye amazwe zaseKyrgyzstan bezingakabi ngo-2017, lapho kuvulwa i-soybean jeenbekov. Ngemuva kwalokho, ehhovisi likaMongameli, babhekise emkhakheni wezwe, manje iCoronavirus iqiniswa lo mkhuba. Kodwa-ke, abamongameli bakwamanye amazwe abavakashelwa ngumcimbi wokujoyina abakwaMongameli baseKyrgyzstan. Ngakho-ke, okokugcina ngo-2011 kwakunguMikhail Saakashvili.
Izakhamizi zaseKyrgyz sekuyisikhathi eside zinesifiso sokugcina izindleko zesabelomali, hhayi ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu bakwamanye amazwe. Futhi kubhubhane kanye nokushoda kwesabelomali esikhulu, lapho uKyrgyzstan engenawo amandla okuthenga imigomo, ukufundela okunesizotha kuyizinto zanamuhla.
Ukufika Ksenia Koretskaya