Kwabonakala sengathi, njenge-Ikarusi, babezogibela naphakade. Ama-trolleybes kaZiu abuse emigwaqweni yaseMinsk iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, kodwa okokuqala wanika "ama-clones" abo okukhiqizwa kwaseBelarusian, bese wonke eboshwa ngokuphelele ngamanzi "aphansi" aphansi wesizukulwane esisha. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuba khona kwaso ohlelweni lwezokuthutha wedolobha, abakedluli. Siyakhumbula uZiu.
Uma umuntu azi, uZiu yisifinyezo esivela ku- "Writsky Plant". Lokhu akuyona ukuphela kweyodwa, kepha umakhi omkhulu kakhulu wama-trolleybes e-USSR. Kunezikhathi lapho lesi sitshalo sasingumkhiqizo omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Igama nendawo yebhizinisi kwafakwa ngaphansi kophawu lwamaKhomanisi. Lalitholakala edolobheni lase-Engels esifundeni saseSaratov, futhi ngathola igama lami ukuhlonipha uMose Moses Solomonovich Uritsky - indlunkulu yekomidi lokuvikela izinguquko ze-petrograd. Ngo-1993, umyalo wesibhengezo obomvu wabasebenzi 'wesitshalo esingumbhalo' waqanjwa kabusha ngesitshalo se-CJSC Trolleybus. Ngakho-ke kwakukhona uhlobo "Trolza" (Trolza in Latin Transliteration). Kepha useyindaba kakade - ngo-2020, inkampani yamukelwa njengebhange. Kodwa-ke, ama-trolleybus ezigcawini awo kuze kube namuhla, iqiniso likaJurlso, uphawu lwentengiso, ibanga lemodeli kanye nabanikazi vele bakhona abanye.
I-trolleybus yokuqala ezingenile yaqoqwa emuva ngo-1951. Kwakuyimodeli ye-MTB-82 Moscow Development. Kwakuvela kwi-MTB-82 ukuthi ukunyakaza kwe-trolleybus kwaqala eMinsk, kepha le modeli ayikabinga uhlobo lwe-zhu, ngoba luhlala lungaphezu kokubuyekezwa kwethu.
Ziu-5.
Kepha uZiu-5 usuvele wakha isitshalo esivela ezingelosi. Imodeli yokuqala enolwazi yaqoqwa ngo-1959, futhi kwakhiqizwa ngemilethe ngaphambi komngu-1972, kwakha amakhophi angaphezu kuka-16,000. Amakhulu ambalwa awo asebenza eMinsk.
Izithombe ze-Nostalgic, ingxenye yokuqala yama-1970s. Ngokusho kwesiFunda saseNow Minsk, iChiryovka ishayela i-Ziu-5d 1972 Ukukhishwa, Bopha 2458. Yaba, le moto ivela emaphathini wakamuva akhiqizwa ezingelosi.
I-Salon Ziu-5 yakhumbuza iTram yeRiga. Imigqa emibili yama-sofas athambile aphindwe kabili, "isikhumba se-dermatin esincane esiphakeme". Iminyango emibili yesikrini efoshini kanye nezingxenye zomzimba zangaphambili. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokukhishwa kwezindikimba zaqala ukwenza e-polyvinyl braid, umlandeli wokuqeda wathathelwa indawo ngopulasitiki. Lapho-ke lezi zinqumo zazithathwa njengezithuthukiswa, zivumela ukukhulisa ukuphepha kukagesi kwabagibeli kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kwe-salon.
Enye iZiu-5D eMinsk yagcinwa emlandweni, namuhla ungumbonisi wemnyuziyamu. Futhi basebenza amabhasi e-trolley anjalo enhlokodolobha isikhathi eside. "Okokugcina kweMogican" kwahamba emithini ngo-Agasti 1987 kuphela.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970, imodeli entsha - i-ziu-682 yaqala ukungena emgodini, okwakunqume imidwebo yeMinsk Trolleybus emashumini amathathu aphezu kwamashumi eminyaka azayo.
Ziu-682.
I-prototype yokuqala yeSiu-9 yakhiwa ngo-1966. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokwandulela kwalo uZiu-5, leli trolleybus lalinecala elibanzi, elingasindi futhi lezentambo lensimbi yensimbi esikhundleni se-pulp aluminium, kanye nokumiswa kwesondo le-pneumatic. Umzimba weTrolleybus wayengumnyango onamathathu (ngomnyango ongaphambili we-ncorewa wangaphambili), waba nendawo enkulu eqhathaniswa ne-ziu-5. Ekulweni nokuqondisa kwasetshenziswa i-hydraulic. Kamuva, ngemuva kokuthuthuka, imodeli yaqanjwa kabusha kwa-Ziu-682.
Abalandeli bakaMinksk Trolleybus babenenhlanhla: In the capital yaseBelarusian kuze kube maphakathi ne-zero, banakekelwa ekuhambeni futhi basebenza emizileni yamalambu aseZiu-682v ngamalambu angemuva. "Izikebhe" - uhlobo lwe-fetish lwabalandeli bohlobo. Isibonelo, lesi simo sango-1984 sakhiwe sabhalwa ngo-2005 kuphela.
Abahlali abaningi baseMinsk, mhlawumbe, basakhumbula i- "Afghan" Trolleybus enomusa trolleybus enombhalo omkhulu "Ubuhlungu" eSoundenill. Abashayeli, ama-Locksmiths ababandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwemoto, umqondisi wepaki weza ukuzosiza. Ekhabethe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi eduze kwamafasitela, izithombe zezisulu zezakhamizi zaseMinsk - amasosha ase-Afghan afakwa - kanye nama-biofili abo. Kwelinye iyunithi lezempi, kwaphakanyiswa imikhono emine, efakwe esikhundleni sabaphostoli. Omunye wabashayeli wayengumakadebona-afghan, ekhishini ngokusebenzisa izikhulumi ezizwakalayo ze-Afghan. Akudingeki ukuthi akhokhele ukudlula kule ndima kule trolleybus: abantu banciphise imali emkhombeni ngentando. Izimali eziqoqwe ngale ndlela zazibhalwe ekwakhiweni kwesikhumbuzo esiqhingini sezinyembezi. Isisekelo se- "Pain" kwakunguZuu-682v 1987 kokukhishwa. Ngombala ofihliwe, imoto yaya endleleni ngo-Ephreli 1991 yasebenza emigqeni yeminyaka engaba mihlanu.
Kwakukhona eMinsk kanye ne-adfhaul yabo yeZiu-682. Isibonelo, lesi sibonelo sika-1988 ngokukhiqiza izinsizakusebenza zalo ngo-1997, kwaqhutshwa ngokweqile, okwaqhuba isitshalo esiseDerzhinsky sokuhlola kanye ne-mehendi esenza umzimba, kanye ne-trolleybus depot No. 4 yeMinsk, ebenza imishini kagesi kuyo. Sebebonke, kusukela ngo-1997 kuya ku-2001, kwalungiswa amabhasi ayi-18 trolley ohlelweni olunjalo. Kepha ukubukeka nje kwangempela kwakunenombolo yeBhodi 4155 kuphela. Okusele ngaphandle kwacishe kucishe kuhlukeki kusuka ku-ziu-682.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, uMinsk wathenga futhi ama-trolleybes amasha ezingene. Lokhu sekwephuzile kwe-ziu-682g ngo-1993 kokukhishwa kungenye yazo. Kepha ngesikhathi kwanqunywa ukwakha amabhasi eTrolley. Ngakho-ke kwaqala umjikelezo omusha womlando.
Izizukulwane zaseBelarusian zeZiu
Kakade ngo-1992, ifektri "Belkommunmash", kusukela ngawo-1970s asebenza ngokulungiswa kwamabhasi eTrolley, aqoqe inguqulo yakhe ye-zhu-682 - imodeli ye-Aksm-100. Ngaphandle, kwakungavikelekile kokwangempela.
Kepha imodeli elandelayo - i-Aksm-101, yazi kahle ekukhiqizweni ngo-1994, kwase kulula ukuhlukanisa kusuka kuZiu-682. I-Blarusian Trolleybus inemishini kagesi ephakeme ephakeme ophahleni. Lokhu kudala kuvela phezulu futhi kukhona uphawu oluqinisekile lwe- "Minsk Clone Ziu". Lapho-ke lesi sinqumo sasimangazayo. Kwakunabantu esaba ngokungathi sína ukugibela amabhasi e-trolley anjalo emvuleni, "ukuze kungazange kushaye okwamanje." Kuyiqiniso, bekungubandlululo, lapho izakhamuzi zaseMinsk zaqeda khona kancane kancane.
Ngo-1996, inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yaseBelarusian - i-Aksm-101a yavela futhi. Isembozo sophahla sitholwe uma singakhonjiswa, ifomu elifanekiswe ngokwengeziwe. Inombolo yeBhodi 3357 Ngesinye isikhathi yayinomzimba, mhlawumbe umkhangiso omuhle kakhulu edolobheni - igobolondo. Kukholakala ukuthi isikhangiso esinjalo sisengcono kunombala onobunzima obukhulu, njengamanje.
Inani eliphakeme lokuziphendukela kwemvelo yaseBelarusian le- "Lives Ziu-682" kwakuyimodeli ye-Aksm-101M, eyakhishwa kuze kube ngu-2002. Ngokuqondene nobuhle bokwakheka, ungaphikisana, kepha ingxenye ehlanganisiwe ngaleso sikhathi yayibhekwa njengethuthukile. Kusetshenziswe i-axle yangaphambili evela ku- "supermaz" ", okunamathiselwe kwemoto ye-traction kwaguqulwa. Futhi yebo, zicabange, kunezikhathi lapho kudingeka khona ukukhangisa kukaMcDonald futhi kusetshenziselwa le mithombo yezindaba yeTrollekeybebus.
Kungenxa yentuthuko ngokuya ngemibono ye-ziu-682, indaba ye- "Belkommunmash" yaqala njengomkhiqizi. Esikhathini esizayo, amamodeli abo azovela, iphrofayili yokuqala ephezulu, bese ithonya eliphansi. Ngakho-ke, "umfundi" ozodlula "uthisha" womabili ngokuya ngamazinga okukhiqiza kanye nobunjiniyela.
"Harmonica" ZIU
Kepha ngeminyaka yama-1990s, i- "Garmohki" "Belkommunmash" ayikwazanga okwamanje. Base bethengwa ezingelosi.
Umbhali wokuqala weTrolleybus Ziu-10, isitshalo sababhalisi saqala ngo-1978, kodwa eMinsk amabhasi anjalo weTrolley avele ngo-1993 kuphela. Kwathengwa izimoto ezinhlanu. Konke ukuguqulwa sekwedlule isikhathi kwe-ziu-683b01.
Ukuthengwa okulandelayo kwamabhasi e-trolley ahlanganisiwe ezingenile okwenzeka ngo-2002-2003. Ngemuva kwalokho amaMinsk athola "ama-ancion" Trolza-6205.02. Babeneminye iminyango, omunye umklamo we-Plast Mask, ezinye izinto, kodwa enhliziyweni yawo kwakuyinto efanayo yakudala. Ezinye izimoto ziye zabhalwa ngemuva kweminyaka emine, "ama-long-livers" asebenze iminyaka eyi-10.
Manje i-trolleybus park yeMinsk iguqulwe ngokuphelele. Ayinaso isitoko esigoqekayo sokwenziwa kwepulazi, konke kwenziwa kuphela eBelarus. IMinSK ihlala inhlokodolobha ye-trolleybus yomhlaba (ngokwesibalo samayunithi asebenza) ngemishini yayo yokukhiqiza. Kepha lokhu kukhiqizwa kwaqala ngama-clones kaZiu, ngakho-ke emlandweni wokwakhiwa kwe-trolleybus yaseBelarusian, lezi zinhlamvu ezintathu kufanele zibhalwe ngopende wegolide.
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Ukuphrinta umbhalo nezithombe ze-onliner ngaphandle kokuxazulula abahleli akuvunyelwe. [email protected].