Amagciwane yizinto eziningi kakhulu zemvelo emhlabathini wethu. Futhi inani lama-bacteriophage, owaziwa nangokuthi yimithi - amagciwane, ukuthelela amaseli wegciwane kanye nemivubukulo, ngokusho kwezilinganiso zososayensi, kuyizinhlayiya zososayensi, ziyizinhlayiya eziyi-1031. Bathinta kakhulu imiphakathi ye-microbial, esebenza njenge-gene yohlobo oluvundlile efaka imisebenzi ebalulekile, ilusizo ngezinhlobo zama-bacteria-hosts.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, abacwaningi baye babhekana neziphambeko ngokungazilali njengoba babefuna, ngenxa yokuqubuka kwe-metagenomyle ephezulu, kwenzeka ukuthola inani elingakaze libonwe ngemikhumbi emisha. Ngakho-ke, ukutholwa okungalindelekile bekungukuthi iningi lokulandelanisa kwe-phage akunakubangelwa noma yiliphi i-taxononomzimba ekwaziwayo esungulwe yiKomidi Lomhlaba wonke nge-Taxononomy (ICTV).
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuphathwa yimipha kuthinta i-ecosystems ehlukahlukene, futhi kunikezwe ukubaluleka kokwakheka kanye nemisebenzi ye-microbiooma yamathumbu yempilo yabantu, ukunakwa okwandayo kwaqala ukunikela kumaphasi ahlala kulo mzimba. Ukungalingani ekuhlanganiseni kwamagciwane kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo eziningi kanye nezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinjenge-allergity kanye nokukhuluphala. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, sasazi okuncane ngeqhaza elidlalwa amagciwane amathukrali kanye nama-bacteritoophages ezifweni zezempilo nezabantu.
Ososayensi abavela elabhorethri lokuxhumana phakathi komsingathi kanye ne-microbiota e-Institute of Senger nase-European Institute of Bioinformatics (United Kingdom), ukusebenzisa i-DNA Ukulandelanisa Kwezindlela ze-Bioinformatics ze-Viral Photomes ezibalelwa ku-28,60 Amazwe ahlukene angama-28 emazwenikazi ayisithupha (i-Afrika, e-Asia, Europe, eNyakatho Melika, iNingizimu Melika kanye no-Oceania), kanye no-2898 genomes we-bacterial iolates, ephakamiswe kulesi sitho sesisu. Imiphumela yomsebenzi wabo ivezwa kumagazini weselula.
Ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezingama-142,809 zofuzo ezihlala emathunjini yomuntu, ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo eyake yahlangana kuyo ngaphambili. Ukuhlukahluka kwegciwane kwavela ukuthi kuphakeme kakhulu phakathi kohlobo lwamagciwane njengamafemu. Ngasikhathi sinye, cishe ama-36% ama-viral cluster ayengakhawulelwe ohlotsheni olulodwa, adala ukusakazwa kwenethiwekhi zezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwezinhlobo zamagciwane epylogenetical.
Phakathi kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zamagciwane, ososayensi bakhombele amaphazi amasha asakazekile anezinhlaka ezinezici ezifana nama-bacterageage atholakala ngo-2014 emazweni amaningi. Leli qembu lithelela ama-gram - ama-ana anaerobic ama-bacterobic bacteria umndeni wakwa-bacteriodaceae wabizwa ngokuthi yiGubafag. Futhi, ngokusho kochwepheshe, yena kanye ne-crassphage - ukhokho ojwayelekile.
"Siphinde sabona ukwahlukana okucacile phakathi kwezithako zezakhamizi zaseNyakatho Melika, eYurophu nase-Asia kanye namasampula avela e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaphethini we-fagiooo wooma (iqoqo lokulandelana kwawo wonke ama-gege genemes empumpure. - Ref. Ed. Ed.) Ihlobene nomehluko obalulekile endleleni yomuntu. Futhi iziphambeko ezitholakala kumasampula asemadolobheni zazihlose ama-bacteroid, kepha hhayi kumagciwane omndeni wakwa-Pvorotellacea, kanti emasandleni asemakhaya asePeru, eTanzania, ama-Fiji aqukethe iziphambeko ezinabanini be-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae esikhundleni sama-bactellaineae, "ososayensi utshelwe.
Ngokusho kwazo, i-Love-akhawulelwe ikhathalogi enkulu ye-genomes of shinis izothuthukisa izifundo zegciwane elizayo - ingxenye yegciwane ye-microbioma yamathumbu - futhi izokwenza sikwazi ukuhlaziywa kwama-bacteritoophara angabantu.
"Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akuwona wonke amagciwane ayingozi: kuyingxenye ebalulekile ye-ecosystem yamathumbu. Amagciwane amaningi esambule abe ne-DNA njengento yofuzo, okungukuthi, ahlukane namagciwane owaziwayo, njenge-coronavirus sars-cov-2 noma igciwane le-zika, okuyi-rna virus, okuyi-RNA virus, okuyi-RNA virus, okuyi-RNA virus, okuyi-RNA virus, okuyi-RNA virus, okuyi-RNA virus Okwesibili, amasampula ethu atholwe ikakhulu kubantu abaphilile abangenazo izifo ezithile, "kusho uDkt Alexang Almeida, omunye wababhali ocwaningweni.
Umthombo: Isayensi Enqunu