Uhlelo lwezemfundo ngonyaka olwedlule lwabhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu zezinhlelo, nokho, ukuqonda kwalezi zinqubo akukakakabi ngokuphelele. I-thesis ephelele yenkulumo yezemfundo ngo-2020 izwakala kanjena: uhambe ubhubhane futhi ngokushesha nje lapho kuphela, umhlaba ojwayelekile uzobuyiselwa. Kepha sekuyisikhathi sokuvuma ukuthi lokhu ngeke kwenzeke.
Isazi sezenhlalo i-Alvin Toffler engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leminyaka elidlule ihlongoze umqondo wokuthi "futurbo", ngosizo achaza ngalo inqubo yokwamukela ushintsho oluphambili ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obusha. Ekuqaleni kwale nqubo, abantu badinga ukuncintisana nokulahlekelwa okwedlule futhi bamukele iqiniso lokuthi njengakuqala, akusekho. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kwalokho kungenzeka ukukwazi okungokoqobo okusha futhi uthole indawo yayo kuyo. Ukulandelana kwalezi zigaba kubalulekile: akunakwenzeka ukwenza ubungani nezwe elisha ngaphandle kokusika ukulahleka kwesikhathi esedlule.
Inkulumo yokugcina yezemfundo yaqala yagxiliswa ezungeze indawo yokuhlala kwezinselelo ezishaqisayo zamanje, kodwa kubonakala sengathi kulo nyaka umphakathi wezemfundo waseRussia kuzodingeka unqume ukuthi kuzohlala kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi ukuze wakhe amasu, hhayi i-ajenda yesimo ngokuzayo, ababambiqhaza bayo kuzofanela babhekane nezinselelo eziphakamisa iqiniso elisha. Ubuchwepheshe bungomunye wabo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuncintisanaIsici sezobuchwepheshe nezobuchwepheshe sokuhunyushwa kwenqubo yokufunda efomini elikude kwakuyingqikithi enkulu yazo zonke izingxoxo ezazibanjelwe umphakathi wezemfundo ngonyaka owedlule. Kodwa-ke, okunengqondo kwalezi zingxoxo kwakhiwa ikakhulukazi umbuzo wokuthi kufanele futhi uhlele kanjani inqubo yemfundo endaweni yezemfundo. I-Leitmotif yezingxoxo kwakuwumqondo we-limb yale nqubo futhi ulinde ukubuyela okusheshayo ekungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, im-thesis empeleni yayiqashelwa ukuthi ikhwalithi yemfundo lapho idluliselwa kude. Ekupheleni konyaka, lokhu kwaphoqelelwa ukuba babone uNgqongqoshe Wezesayensi Nezemfundo Ephakeme yaseRussia Valkov: URia Novosti ucaphune amazwi akhe athi "awonke ukufunda okukude kubi kakhulu kunekhwalithi yesikhathi esigcwele. "
Isixazululo somsebenzi ophambili wohlelo lwezemfundo ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemfundo eyamukelekayo kuwo wonke amaqembu - akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungaphendulwa embuzweni wokuthi yini ngqo ukutshala imali emcabangweni we- "Digitalization". Inselelo ebalulekile yenkulumo yezemfundo yalo nyaka kuzoba yindlela yokuthi ngabe kuyingxoxo evela kumodeli yezinkinga zokuxazulula isimo se-modeli ye-digital teal eqinisweni elisha. Ekusebenzeni, lokhu kuzosho ukuguqulwa kusuka engxoxweni yedijithali njengendlela yokucima umlilo "ekucimeni umlilo" ekuqapheleni kwayo njengento eguqukayo engenakugwenywa amanyuvesi.
Enye yezimo eziguqukayo zale ngxoxo kungenzeka kube yinkinga yokuncintisana. Izinga lapho amanyuvesi azophatha khona ukufunda okusha okuku-inthanethi, azonquma ukuncintisana kwawo emhlabeni omusha. Sekucacile ukuthi ifomethi yemfundo enjalo ilula kakhulu okungenani ezindaweni eziningana: ikakhulukazi, kungukuhlelwa kwabafakizicelo kanye nemfundo eyengeziwe yabantu abadala. Zombili lezi zindawo ziletha imali ebalulekile emanyuvesi, futhi umjaho wokuncintisana uzolahleka lapha ukuze ulahlekelwe yingxenye ebalulekile yezimali zawo ngokuzayo. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo esisha semvelo yokuncintisana sizodinga amanyuvesi kanye nenye ikhwalithi yokwenza izinqumo zokuphatha.
Ukuzimela UkugomaNgonyaka owedlule, uMnyango Wezemfundo neSayensi yaseRussia waya esigabeni esingakaze sibonwe: emibandela yobhubhane, umlawuli wanikeza amanyuvesi amanyuvesi ithuba lokuhlela umsebenzi wawo kude. Inkonzo "yenze ukubheja ekuzimele kanye nekhono lamaqembu okuphatha eyunivesithi, ukuhlinzeka ngesembozo" sokulawula "nokukhulumisana okujulile ngokuqondile nangokuvundwa," kusho umbiko we-recotor wamanyuvesi "avumayo". Amanyuvesi ebhubhane nangemva kwalo. " Ukuhlaziya okunengqondo kwesinqumo, ababhali boMbiko baphawula ukuthi uMlawuli angakwazi futhi agcizelele ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho efanayo, amaphrothokholi omsebenzi kanye namapulatifomu edijithali. Ngokubona kwabo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungasiza amayunivesithi nengqalasizinda ebuthakathaka kanye nezinsizakusebenza zabasebenzi, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunganciphisa ijubane lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezivelele ezivele zinezinto ezihlangene nezinto ezihlangenwe nakho.
Inkululeko enikeziwe yesenzo ayikwazanga ukuholela ekuvulekeni okukhulu kwenqubo yokwenza izinqumo kanye nokwenziwa komphakathi kwenqubo yezemfundo. Abalobi bombiko baboniswa kulokhu: bakhombisa ukuthi "ukuhlinzeka ukuzimela okubanzi emanyuvesi, inkonzo yezemfundo nesayensi nayo izame ukuqinisa ukucaciswa kolwazi kohlelo lwemfundo ephakeme, kusungulwe inani lokuqapha kanye nezinhlolovo zenqubo yokuguqulwa amanyuvesi ebhubhisini. " Ngasikhathi sinye, kuqashelwa ukuthi "le mininingwane ayizange ixoxwe kabanzi futhi esidlangalaleni ukuze ibe yinto ohlelweni lokulungiswa kwe-auto."
Kuleli binzana, "isici sokuzenzakalelayo sohlelo" empeleni sabeka izingqinamba eziningana ze-semantic ze-ajenda yesikhathi esizayo yesikole esiphakeme saseRussia. Ukwakha i-ajenda ehlelekile iminyaka eminingana ezayo, amanyuvesi azogcina ukuthi ukuguqulwa okukude kuzohlala kuyisona isibonelo sendlela uMlawuli ahlanganyela kanjani ezimeni ezishintshiwe. Ngabe uhlelo luzokwehla ngokuzimela lapho "ngokuzenzakalela" ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza koMlawuli? Futhi uma ubukeka ebanzi ngokwengeziwe, ingabe ama-mino-avuselela futhi abuye akhiwe kabusha nge-hierarchical mpor ekubambisaneni ukuxhumana okuvundlile? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kusulwe ukuthi amayunivesithi ngokwawo azolulungele futhi azokwazi ukwamukela lo msebenzi.
Ikhefu lokuxhumanaUkuqubuka kwenhlekelele koMphakathi kwakhombisa izicelo zabahlanganyeli abaqondile kwinqubo yezemfundo - othisha kanye nabafundi - okufanele babhekane nokuthola ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu okuphatha amanyuvesi kuzodingeka abe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Intwasahlobo yokugcina, ucwaningo lweRanjigsis "amanyuvesi aseRussia ekuthuthukisweni kwemvelo eku-inthanethi ebhubhane kuxoxwa kabanzi. Ngo-Ephreli, inyuvesi yaxoxa cishe ngabodo othisha abangama-34 000 amanyuvesi aseRussia - lokhu cishe yi-15% yenani eliphelele lezemfundo ephakeme yasekhaya. Ababhali bezinhlolovo babefuna ukuthola izinga lokusekelwa noma benqatshelwe othisha benguquko yemfundo kusuka kufomethi yesikhathi esigcwele ukuze kude.
Kodwa-ke, ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, kwavela ukuthi isicelo somphakathi wokufundisa sivela ngaphesheya kwezidingo zengqalasizinda ezanele yedijithali. Izinkinga ngemishini yekhompyutha kanye nesoftware yamelwa eyodwa kuphela kwezingxenye ezintathu zalesi sicelo. Othisha baphinde bakhuluma ngesidingo sokudala indlela yokuxhumana, edingekayo futhi eyanele ukugcina izinga eliphakeme lokuqeqeshwa. Futhi wacela nokunciphisa ingcindezi ye-bureaucratic futhi anikeze inkululeko enkulu ekukhetheni imali nezindlela zokufunda. Futhi uma isakhi sokuqala salesi sicelo kulindeleke futhi singaxazululwa ngesimo, ingxenye yesibili yaso yaveza izinkinga ezinkulu ezizodinga imizamo ebalulekile yokwenza isu elizayo.
Ngonyaka odlule kwabonakala futhi izikhonzi ezikhulayo zabafundi njengabahlanganyeli kwinqubo yezemfundo. Abafundi bakhuthaza ngokuzithandela ukubuyekezwa kwemingcele yokuziphatha okuhle kakhulu ekuxhumaneni nasezinhlelweni eziseyunivesithi, bafuna ukunakwa okwengeziwe kwekhwalithi yemfundo yebanga, bacele ukunciphisa inkontileka yokuqeqeshwa kwenkontileka ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwenkontileka ngemuva kokuguqukela ku-inthanethi. Impikiswano yokusebenza kwezinhlangano ezizwelelwa kwabafundi isanda kuvuselelwa. Kulonyaka, amaqembu okuphatha amanyuvesi abonakala ekugcineni aqashelwa ukuthi abafundi bafuna ukuba nelungelo lokuchazwa okuzimele kwezintshisekelo zabo nokuthi bazofuna izinsiza ezintsha zokuzivikela. Ngakho-ke, ukubikwa kwalezi zinto ezithandayo kufanele kube okuphelele futhi kube sobala.
Ukuqamba ubudlelwane obusha bokuxhumana phakathi kwabahlanganyeli abaphambili ohlelweni lwezemfundo - othisha, abafundi, abaphathi kanye nezikhulu - ngeke basize basinde kuphela imiphumela yokushaqeka kwangaphandle, okulethe ubhubhane. Lokhu kuzovumela futhi kubhekane nokushaqeka kwangaphakathi.
Ukuxazulula inkinga, kufanele ukhulume kuqala.
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