Kuncane ngaphezu kweminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu edlule akekho umuntu emhlabathini wethu owazi ukuthi indawo yonke yayanda. Kepha naphezu kwabo bonke ububi nobubi ngekhulu lamashumi amabili kuleli ntuthu, kuyikhulu leminyaka ukumakwa ngentuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, safunda ngomhlaba kanye nomhlaba wonke kunangaphambili. Umqondo wokuthi umkhathi wethu unwebeka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13.8 okokuqala ngqa wanikezwa isazi semvelo saseBelgian Georges Lemeter ngo-1927. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, inkanyezi elikhulukazi laseMelika Edwina Hubble likwazile ukuqinisekisa le hypothesis. Wathola ukuthi yonke imithala iyasuswa kithi nokuthi ikuphi, kwenzeka ngokushesha. Namuhla kunezindlela eziningi zososayensi abangaziqonda ngazo ukuthi umkhathi wethu wanda ngokushesha ngosayizi. Nazi izinombolo nje ezifundela abacwaningi kwinqubo yokulinganisa, isikhathi ngasinye lapho zitholakala zihlukile. Kodwa kungani?
Imfihlakalo enkulu yendawo yonke
Njengoba sazi namhlanje, kunobudlelwano obusondelene phakathi kwebanga lokuya kumthala nokuthi bususwa ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngakho-ke, ake sithi, umthala ebangeni le-1 megaparsec kusuka kwiplanethi yethu (iMegaparsek eyodwa ecishe ibe yiminyaka engu-3.3 million) isuswa ngejubane lamakhilomitha angama-70 ngomzuzwana. Nomthala oqhubekayo ngandlela thile, ebangeni lama-megaparsek amabili, ahamba kabili ngokushesha (140 km / s).
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi namuhla kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokunquma iminyaka yendawo yonke noma, e-Chabble yesayensi, ehlala njalo. Umehluko phakathi kwalawa maqembu amabili ukuthi iqoqo lezo zindlela libheka izinto ezisondele kakhulu endaweni yonke, kanti enye ide kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe ososayensi bangazange basebenzise kanjani indlela, imiphumela yehlukile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kuphuma, noma senza okuthile okungalungile, noma endaweni ethile endaweni yonke kungaziwa ngokuphelele.
Esifundweni esanda kushicilelwa kwiseva ye-Airxiv.org, efunda imithala eseduze, wasebenzisa indlela ehlakaniphile yokukala ukwanda kwento eguquguqukayo okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguquguquka kwe-Universal Leli yigama elimangazayo, kepha lifaka umbono obonakalayo.
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Cabanga nje ukuthi umi emaphethelweni ehlathi, phambi kwesihlahla. Njengoba usondele kakhulu, ubona isihlahla esisodwa kuphela emkhakheni wakho wokubuka. Kepha kufanelekile ukuba kubike, njengoba kuvela izihlahla eziningi phambi kwamehlo akho. Lapho uyosuka, izihlahla eziningi oyobona. Cishe into efanayo yenzeka ngemithala ebonwa ososayensi ngosizo lwezibonakude, kube nzima kakhulu.
Ungasithola kanjani ijubane lokunwetshwa kwendawo yonke?
Ukuthola izibalo ezinhle, izazi zezinkanyezi zibuka imithala, esondele kakhulu emhlabeni, iminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-300. Kodwa-ke, ukubuka imithala, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake uthuli, imithala yangemuva kanye namaqoqo enkanyezi, okungabonakala ezithombeni ezitholakele usebenzisa isibonakude.
Kuyathakazelisa: I-NASA izobheka kanjani amandla amnyama?
Universal Schitra. Kusukela ngonyaka we-1990s, izazi zezinkanyezi zibonile ukuthi izinkanyezi ezikude kakhulu eziqhumayo zihlale zikhona, ezibonisa izilinganiso ezilula. Lokhu kwaholela emcabangweni wokuthi manje yonke indawo yonke yanda ngokushesha kunangaphambili, nayo, yaholela ekutholweni kwamandla amnyama - amandla angaqondakaliyo, ukusheshisa ukwanda kwendawo yonke.
Njengoba abalobi bomsebenzi wesayensi Bhala, lapho sibheka izinto ezikude kakhulu, sibabona njengoba bebedlule lapho kungokwedlule khona indawo yonke. Uma ijubane lokunwetshwa kwendawo yonke lalihlukile ngaleso sikhathi (lithi, 12-13, 8 billion eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyinkulungwane), singathola amanani amabili ahlukene), singathola amanani amabili ahlukene we-hubble njalo. Noma mhlawumbe izingxenye ezahlukene zendawo yonke zanda ngejubane elihlukile?
Funda futhi: Yini ososayensi abaziyo mayelana nobudala nokwanda kwendawo yonke?
Kepha uma izinga lokunwebeka selishintshile, kusho iminyaka yobudala bendawo yethu akuyona nhlobo nje njengoba sicabanga (ososayensi basebenzisa isilinganiso sokunwebeka kwendawo yonke ukuze banqume iminyaka yayo). Lokhu, futhi, kusho ukuthi indawo yonke inosayizi ohlukile, okusho isikhathi esidingekayo sokuthile okwenzekile, kuzobe nakho kuhlukile.
Kunoma ikuphi, i-Hubble engapheli iyisihloko sezingxabano ezishisayo emphakathini wezinkanyezi. Njengoba isifundo esisha sengeze eminye imibuzo, ukulwa nokungaqiniseki kuzoba isikhathi eside. Ngelinye ilanga, kunjalo, ukuqonda kwethu isikhala kuzoshintsha. Kepha uma lokhu kwenzeka, osomazikoologikazi kuzofanela babheke enye into, yini engaphikisana. Yini abazoyenza nakanjani.