Abamele abantu bakwa-ERYYA, noma i-Eriangan, njengoba bezibiza, bangamagatsha aphakeme. Umlando wabo uyi-kaleidoscope ecebile yemicimbi, kepha bayabazi abambalwa. Mhlawumbe ngokunembe ngoba ukugxila bekukubuzwe baseMordovian, lapho abacwaningi be-ERYZYNSKY babiza khona "abakhona." Ngani?
Iqiniso ngukuthi umqondo we- "Mordva" avele kungekudala, kodwa u-Erzya noMoksha (bazotshelwa ngabo kwi-athikili ehlukile), abakha amaqembu amabili alokhu eMordovia. Bahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. U-Eryan ubizwa ngokuthi izilwanyana ezihlala njalo zenkululeko namalungelo azo, abonisa umlando wabo. U-Eriangan wavela nini? Bazenzele kanjani izizwe zabo namasiko abo?
Kusho ukuthini u-Erya?
I-Eryan, elinye lamaqembu abantu baseMordovia, igama elihehayo kakhulu. Kungokwama-ethnonyms asendulo futhi, ngokuya ngobuningi bososayensi, kuvela ku- "ama-ersames", isenzo se-erzyan. Uma usebenzisa ukuhunyushwa kwesiRussia kokuhumusha, siyathola - "Phila", "Ukuphila". Mhlawumbe, kwaphawulwa u-Erzwela ukuthi yizo ezaziphila isikhathi eside emazweni okuqala (futhi lezi yizindawo ezisempumalanga yeMordovia).
Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinhlobo mayelana nemvelaphi yegama. Kunesiphakamiso sokuthi leli gama libuyela kumcibisheli osemdala "Arshan", okungukuthi, "umuntu." Ngokwami ngifuna ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu abaningi basendulo ekuziboneni kwabo basebenzise ukucaciswa okunjalo, okubonisa ukuthi bangabantu balezi zindawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi lwe-ERYYAN, lapho kukhona amaphesenti aphezulu okuboleka kwe-Iranian, ukhuluma ngokuqinisekisa umbono. Kukhona futhi inani lamasiko amadala, abonisa ngokusobala nezinkolelo zaseZoroastrian of izizwe zase-Iranian (ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlonipha izinja nemicikilisho yomngcwabo).
Izikhombo zokuqala ze-Erzaz zidluliselwe kwikhulu le-XIV futhi zitholakala kumarekhodi ososayensi wase-Iranian Ad-Din. Utshele ngo- "Ardzhani" owahlala emazweni aseMordovia wanamuhla.
Kamuva, umbusi weNogai uYusuf encwadini yakhe uthunyelwe eMoscow, ukhuluma ngabantu baseRzan, lapho i-ERYYA. Njengoba wawubona, kamuva, leli gama laba yisisekelo sokuvela kokubizwa kwelinye lamadolobha amakhulu aseRussia - Ryazan.
Izinguqulo zemvelaphi ye-ERYYAN
Njengoba sekushiwo, u-Erzya noMoksha bayizinto ezimbili ze-Easter, kepha ukungafani kwazo kusabangela izingqinamba eziningi ezivela kwizazi-mlando. Yilesi sici esidale izingxabano ezizungeze umsuka we-erzyan. Kunama-hypotheses amaningana kulokhu, futhi nazi ezinye zazo:
- Ekuqaleni, ubuzwe bakaMordovian babekhona, obekuhlukaniswe ngamagatsha amabili kwakha ama-mokdwansky nabakwa-Erzyan.
- U-Erya noMokwa baphila ngokusondelene komunye nomunye, ngenxa yokuthi ukubolekwa kwamasiko nangolimi kuyabonakala. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngamunye wabantu ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwakhiwa ngokwahlukana komunye.
- UMokshan no-Eriannan bahlangana okokuqala bangene e-Ethos eyodwa, kodwa base behlukana, babuyela endaweni yokuqala yezinto.
Imininingwane ethokozisayo ibimelelwa abacwaningi ngesikhathi sokutadisha isethi yofuzo lobuzwe ngamunye. Naphezu kwezici ezijwayelekile zangaphandle, ingxenye enkulu yohlobo lwe-erzy no-moksha yehlukile. Futhi uma uMokshan ewela izihlobo zabantu kuphela izizwe zeVolga eziphakathi nendawo, khona-ke i-Erziang inebanga elibanzi le-kinship. Ngokwefuzo, basondele kwabaseBelarusia, izigxobo, izigxobo, amaRussia ezivela ezindaweni eziseningizimu nasenkabeni yezwe.
Umzabalazo waphakade wabantu
U-Erzwela waba ngomunye wabantu abathanda kakhulu inkululeko yaseRussia, baphoqeleka ukuba bavikele njalo ukuzimela kwabo. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, imiphakathi yase-Erziang yakhipha umlilo kumaKhazaras, ePechenegs, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuxabana nePolovtsy. Lapho ama-slavs eqala ukuthuthela emazweni abo, u-Erzya ubuyela e-Aramas, ehamba endaweni esempumalanga futhi anciphise impahla yakhe.
Ngo-1237, omakhelwane be-ERYLESYAN, uMoksha, babona amandla e-hold horde. Kepha u-Erya uqobo wayengeke azothobela amaMongol. Babuyela emahlathini aseNyakatho, befihlekile ekushushisweni, babe nokumelana nabanqobi baseMongol-Tatar. Ngemuva kokuwa kweHorde of Earth, u-Erziang wathuthela eNizhny Novgorod-Suzdal Great Prication Perrincition.
Lokhu kwaba nomthelela ekusakazweni kobuKristu ezindaweni ezise-ERYYAN. Kepha lapha, i-Eryaya enothando ngenkululeko ayizange isheshe ukunikela uhulumeni omusha. Ingxenye enkulu yabo yadlulela empumalanga, ingazothatha ukholo lobuKristu. Ekhulwini le-XVII, i-Eriangan isivele inengxenye enkulu yesifunda saseVolga kanye neSouth Pri.Rural.
Abaqaphi bokhokho bamagugu
Ukushayisana okungapheli noNogai noKalmykov kwaphenduka abantu baba amandla amakhulu empi. Ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwe-ERYYA, ukudalwa komugqa wezinqaba kwathuthukiswa, ngenxa yezizwe ezazisemandleni ama-Urals. Ngifuna ukuqaphela ukuthi izindawo eziningi ze-erziagi zama-urals zivele ngemuva kokuvela kwamaRussia kulezi zindawo.
I-Germany Academic ne-Encyclopetist Peter Simon Pallas ngekhulu le-XIX liyaphawulwa emisebenzini yakhe kubantu ababili baseMordovia:
"Bona ngokwabo bazihlukanisa nalezi, futhi bazabele igama elikhethekile likaMokwad, endaweni yobuningi be-mokshad ... maqondana nalowo ovela kwelinye idolo elibizwa nge-elzad noma erddzat; Futhi bazibiza bona ... ".U-Eriangan akagcini nje ngabadali bamagugu amasiko acebile. Ukumelana kwabo nokutshala kwezinye izinkolelo namasiko abantu kwasiza ekwakheni ukunambitheka okukhethekile kwesifunda seVolga-Vyatka kanye nesifunda seVolga, okuhlukile kakhulu kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia.
Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ama-Erzana amaningi athonya inkambo yomlando waseRussia, ngenkathi edlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni kombuso, abe ubuntu obungeke bayeke ukukhuluma ngakho.
I-ERYLA - abantu, phakathi kwabamele abakhona obuningi bomlando abadumile. Inzalamizi uNikon, uStepan Rabin, uVladimir Lenin, FODOR SHALYAPIN, Maxim Gorky, Lydia Ruslanova - Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwe-eryan enhle. Bona kanye nomlando wabo ocebile baziqhenya ngezizukulwane zalo ngempela abantu abayizinto ezixakile abaziqhenyayo nabathanda inkululeko.