Ngabe abavubukuli bazi kuphi ukuthi benze kuphi okumbiwa?

Ukuvuvukala kwemivubukulo kwenziwa ezindaweni zendawo cishe yezikhumbuzo zasendulo ukuze uphinde ucwaninge. Kwamakhulu nezinkulungwane zeminyaka, zimbozwe ngokwemvelo ngomhlabathi, izinto eziphilayo kanye nodoti. Ukwebiwa kudinga izindleko eziningi, futhi ukuthola ukuthi kuyini ukuzenza, abavubukuli babandakanya izindlela eziningi.

Ungqimba lwamasiko?

Ungqimba lwamasiko yinto ebalulekile yokuthakazelisa kwabavubukuli. Kungukubekwa kwenhlabathi endaweni, eyayikade yagcwala abantu. Inemibala yomsebenzi womuntu ngendlela yezinsalela zezakhiwo, amathuluzi, izimpahla zasendlini, ubuciko, njll.

Ukusika isendlalelo sezamasiko emivubukulo ngokumaka

Isimo sezikhumbuzo zemivubukulo sincike ezimweni zemvelo. Isibonelo, izinto zigcinwe kangcono endaweni ye-permafrost, kanye nasezengcebeni ezimanzi, lapho inani lomoya lincane.

Iqiniso Elithakazelisayo: Ubukhulu bobungqingili bamasiko buya kulokho abantu abakwenzile nokuthi basichitha isikhathi esingakanani kule ndawo. Kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha amasenti afinyelela kuma-30 m, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu. Lapho kubhekwe ungqimba lwamasiko wendawo enkulu, iminyaka eminingi iya.

Ubuchwepheshe bembiko

Indawo lapho abavubukuli ababambisene khona ibizwa ngokuthi ukumbiwa. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi indawo eqinile icutshungulwe ngasikhathi sinye, kepha imvamisa le nqubo ihambisana nemikhawulo ehlukile. Isakhiwo sihlukaniswe ngezigcawu ze-2 m futhi kancane kancane ziphakamisa inhlabathi ngezendlalelo ezingama-20 cm noma izingqimba uma zihlukaniswa kahle. Lapho ukumbiwa kwesakhiwo, bathola udonga olulodwa bese beqala ukusuka kulo.

Inhlabathi engameleli amanani ahlanzwa ngamafosholo nemimese. Izikhumbuzo zemivubukulo ziphathwa ngokucophelela ngokusebenzisa amabhulashi nama-tweezers. Uma okutholakele kunesibopho esiphilayo sokugcina ubuqotho ngangokunokwenzeka, kungagcinwa endaweni yokutholwa, kuthululwe ngeparafini noma nge-gypsum. I-Gypsum nayo isetshenziselwa ukuthola izimpumputhe - yathululela ukungabi nalutho kubo.

Ukuvucwa emanxiweni ethempelini lasendulo ePersian Gulf (eyakha iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-7)

Inqubo yonke yokumbiwa ithathwa izithombe, futhi ekugcineni umbiko wesayensi onemininingwane edonswa izincazelo, imidwebo nakwamanye amadokhumenti. Emazweni amaningi, kufaka phakathi eRussia, ngaphambi kokuqala okumbiwa, kuyadingeka ukuthola imvume.

Izindlela zobuhlakani bemivubukulo

Ubuhlakani bemivubukulo bumelela inkimbinkimbi yezindlela okuhloswe ngazo ukufuna izikhumbuzo zasendulo zomlando. Kuyasiza ochwepheshe ukuthi bangakwazi ukuthola ngokunembile ngangokunokwenzeka, lapho benza khona okumbiwa, kodwa futhi nasekulungiseni amakhadi, ukunquma ubudlelwano phakathi kwezikhumbuzo eziningana.

Ubuhlakani benziwa ngaphandle nangaphansi komhlaba. Noma yiluphi ucwaningo luqala ngocwaningo lwamarekhodi omlando, amadokhumenti kanye nobunye ubufakazi bokuthi esifundeni esithile kwakukhona izindawo zabantu, izimpi kanye neminye imicimbi.

Ubuhlakani obubonakalayo nekude

Uma kungekho zimila endaweni noma yiziphi izinto zibonakala kahle esweni elinqunu, kwenziwa ubuhlakani bokubonwa. Kalula nje, kungukuhlolwa kwendawo ukuba khona kwezikhumbuzo, ezazisendaweni ethile ngenxa yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi nezinye izinto. Izazi zemivubukulo ezihlangenwe nakho ezinokungahambi kahle komhlaba zinganquma ukuthi imicibisholo yokuzivikela, imisele yokunisela nezinye izinto zifihlwe ngaphansi komhlaba.

Ukuqiniswa kwe-adrian shaft kwakhiwa ngamaRoma ngo-122-128. (I-Great Britain)

Ukuhlolwa okukude kusebenza ezimweni lapho insimu ihlala khona indawo enkulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izithombe zobuso bomhlaba ezinama-satellites nezithombe ezitholwe ukululama kwe-aerial ziyahlaziywa.

Ukuhlola okujulile

Kungukukhishwa kwecala lomhlabathi kanye nokufunda kwalo okwengeziwe. Inhloso yobuhlakani obujulile ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezinto ezibalulekile zomlando. Ngokuphelele, ukutadisha kwabo bese kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokumba.

Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali

Kubuhlakani bangaphandle nobujulile, ososayensi bahlola umhlabathi we-mercury, ama-phosphase, ama-lipid. Lezi zinto zibonisa ubukhona bezinto eziphilayo, kanye nezinqubo zokujikeleza. Ukuthola okunjalo kungakhombisa amadiphozithi ajulile.

Ngaphambi kokwenza okumbiwe, abavubukuli bagxile kwimininingwane yomlando ukuthola indawo eseduze yezikhumbuzo. Ucwaningo lwebanga, izindlela ezibukwayo nezijulile zisetshenziswa, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali ngenhlabathi ukucwilisa indawo yezobuciko.

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