Ezinsukwini ezizayo, ubuntu buzofakaza izenzakalo ezintathu zomlando ngasikhathi sinye - ohambweni oluthathu lwamarobhothi lusondela kuma-mars, oluzobe selithingwini lokufuna impilo ye-microbial noma umkhondo wayo ohlelweni olubomvu. Ama-ackatus okuqala ama-robotic, azongena emkhathini ofiphele womhlaba, uzoba "ithemba" ("uNadezhda") - uphenyo lokucwaninga lwe-United Arab Emirates 19 ngonyaka owedlule. Namuhla, ngoFebhuwari 9, kufanele afake umjikelezo weplanethi ebomvu. Ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalolunye kamuva, ngoFebhuwari 18, 2021, i-NASA Mission 'PROUSTION "kumele yenze indawo eyinkimbinkimbi ebusweni beMars. Inqubo yokutshala izosakazwa bukhoma, kepha isiginali izohamba nokubambezeleka kwemizuzu engu-11. Ekugcineni, kusasa, ngoFebhuwari 10, isiteshi se-Chinese esisesiteshini "saseTiawe-1", esiqukethe amadivaysi e-orbital futhi asoshelwe, sizokhishwa sizungeza i-Mars, ngemuva kwalokho isifundo sendawo yokufika sizoqala. Mhlawumbe izivakashi eziningi kangaka iplanethi yethu engomakhelwane ayikemukelwanga.
Ukufika "Ukuphikelela" kuMars
Umzuzu ohlaba umxhwele futhi oyingozi uzofika ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngoFebhuwari 18, lapho ukuthuka "ukuphikelela" kuzoqala ukuvela eMartian. Le application ye-robotic NASA inkulu kakhulu kunazo zonke eziqhutshwa kwiplanethi ebomvu. Ukufika "Ukuphikelela" kuzonikeza ubuntu okuthile okuyingqayizivele: amakhamera anamathiselwe kwizinkampani zokwehla azoqopha yonke imfantu, kufaka phakathi umsindo - kungakhathalekile umphumela. "Ukuphikelela" kufanele kufike esifundeni, lapho ngombono wososayensi phambilini kwakukhona umbhede womfula.
Abaphenyi, noma kunjalo, ukufika okuzayo akuchazwa ngokuthi "imizuzu eyisikhombisa eyethusayo." Ngakho-ke, cishe ngemizuzwana eyi-12 ngaphambi kokufika, "ukuphikelela" kuzosetha kabusha izintambo ebusweni beplanethi bese kulungisa amasondo ne- "Legs" endaweni. Lapho amasondo e-marshade azothinta ingaphezulu, izintambo zizosikwa. Umhlaba wokuphikelela (noma uqhekeke) ebusweni beplanethi ebomvu ngoFebhuwari 18, 2021 ngo-21: 00 isikhathi saseMoscow. Ngokuningiliziwe ngesigaba ngasinye sokufika, ngatshelwa kulokhu okuqukethwe.
Ngiphawula ukuthi amasiginali omsakazo akhishwe ngokukhuthazela kusuka kuma-mars ahamba ngejubane lokukhanya, kepha asadinga imizuzu eyi-11 ukuze afike kwiplanethi yethu. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho i-NASA Control Center ithola isibonakaliso mayelana nokuqala kokufika, "ukubekezela" kungenzeka ukuhlala kuma-MARS, noma kwephule indawo yayo. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, sizobona izithombe ezenziwe ngemizuzwana ngemuva kokufika. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuhlola nokumisa imishini, "ukubekezela" kuzokwazi ukuqala umsebenzi ogcwele.
Kuzoba yini ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhala esiseduze hhayi ikusasa elizayo, elifundwe esiteshini sethu eYandex.dzen. Kukhona okuthunyelwe okujwayelekile okungekho esizeni.
Ukungena "Ithemba" ku-Orbit of Mars
Ngakho-ke, namuhla ngoFebhuwari 9, isiteshi esizenzakalelayo se-Al Amal (الأمل) se-United Arab Emirates kufanele siye e-Orbit ezungeze iMars. Ngokuphuma okuphumelelayo ku-orbit, i-al a mal probe izoba yizwe lesihlanu elifinyelele kwiplanethi ebomvu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi wonke umsebenzi uzoba ozimele, nokuthi ngabe "ithemba" lingangena kwi-orbit yePlanethi Earthlings lizofunda imizuzu engama-27 ngemuva kokuqala kwe-maneuver. Uma kwenzeka wehluleka, ucwaningo lungaba ngumhambi wesikhala olunesizungu noma ushayeke ngenxa ye-Mars. Landela umkhondo we-trajectory wendiza ye-ALAMAL lapha.
"Isithombe sokuqala seMars sizotholwa kumadivayisi we-AMAL ngesikhathi sokudlula kwe-elliptical orbit, eyaziwa nangokuthi" ukuthwebula umjikelezo ", okudlula kusuka ohlangothini lwe-trajectory," kubikwa entweni ye I-Agency ye-WAM. Ososayensi banethemba lokuthi uma kwenzeka ukungena ngempumelelo ku-orbit, ucwaningo luzoqala ucwaningo.
Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, kuthunyelwa emishini emithathu eMars, kuyilapho umsebenzi ngamunye uholwa yizwe elihlukile. Namuhla, i-United States, iChina kanye ne-United Arab Emirates inamandla amakhulu ama-cosmic.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi eyinhloko ye-Arab Mission ukutadisha ama-Mars kanye nesimo sezulu sayo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemephu yokuqala ephelele yeplanethi. Imininingwane etholakele, njengoba abacwaningi banethemba, bayosiza ukuqonda ukuthi kungani umkhathi weMartian ulahlekelwa i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. I-Mission yenzelwe unyaka owodwa wama-Martian ngamathuba okunwetshwa kakhulu. Esikhathini sokuya e-orbit, uNadezhda uzonqoba indlela yamakhilomitha angama-493,5 futhi isigamu sehora azoshisa cishe ingxenye yamafutha ukuze anciphise ijubane le-121,000 km / h.
Ukufika "Tianewean-1"
I-mission "Tiawen-1" ithunyelwe kuMars ifaka ama-appratus we-orbital, umshini wokufika kanye ne-rover encane yeselula. Isiteshi sibheke eNyakatho Nenkabazwe yePlanethi - Utopia Planitia yindawo ekahle yokufika okuthambile. Kukholakala ukuthi kule ndawo kunesitoko esikhulu samanzi acwebile, angaba iphuzu lamasu wokuphuma kwezindiza ngokuzayo. Njengoba ku-N + 1 kubhala, esithombeni seMars, esikwenzile kude namakhilomitha angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2,2 ebusweni bomhlaba, uhlelo olukhulu kakhulu lweCanyon lubonakala ohlelweni lwelanga.
Funda futhi: I-NASA ingathumela abantu kuMars ngenjini yenuzi. Lokhu akuyona ingozi?
Lesi siteshi sizofaka i-orbit ngoLwesithathu ngoFebhuwari 10, bese siqala ukutadisha indawo yokufika ukuze sinqume isikhathi esifanele sokuhlukanisa ipulatifomu yokufika. Abaholi besayensi be-mission baphawula ukuthi "uTiawean-1" ngeke afike kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ukuqala kukaMeyi, okungenani izinsuku ezingama-90 Martian kufanele zisebenze ebusweni bakaMarsa Tianean-1. Ngemuva kokuphela kwalesi sikhathi, isiteshi sizoshintshela ekujikelezeni okuyindilinga futhi sisebenzise uhlelo lwesayensi isikhathi sonyaka owodwa weMartian.
Enye yezinhloso "I-Tiawean-1" iyimboniso yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isebenze kuma-Mars amadivayisi azenzakalelayo adalwe eChina. Uma zonke izigaba zokufika zizophumelela, iChina izoba yizwe lesithathu ngemuva kweSoviet Union kanye ne-United States ezenze indawo ethambile eMars, kanye nezwe lesibili elawula irobhothi lerobhothi ePlanethi ebomvu. Kuze kube manje, i-NASA kuphela etshalwe ngempumelelo.