Eduze kwentsha eyishumi nambili ilinde umuntu odlala amakhadi, othile axoxa ngomlilo. Lesi sithombe singabonakala kunoma yimuphi umgwaqo weNiger emashumini amathathu edlule. Enye yazo, "inkosi yetiye", i-stereat phezu kwekhiyuli elincane lensimbi kumalahle ashisayo. Unesibopho senqubo ende futhi ebuhlungu yokwakha itiye eliluhlaza eqenjini lakhe, izahluko. Babuthana ndawonye kulokhu.
Abesilisa banikeza igama labo le-opha futhi bavame ukulibhalela odongeni, abaza ngalo nezinkomishi. Amagama ahlala ekhuluma ngamathemba nezifiso zabantu maqondana nekusasa labo - ngokwesibonelo, "imali kash" [I-Lune de Miel "[Honeymoon] noma" abafana beBrooklyn]. Bangaphinde badumise ababambiqhaza - "Ama-Top Star Boys" [Star Guys] - noma akhulume ngenkolo yabo ("iMani" [Vera]). Amanye amaqembu - ngokwesibonelo, "umphathi karate" [karate master] - aqanjwe ngegama ngemuva kwezintshisakalo ezifanayo. Amanye amagama akhuluma ngezinkinga abahlanganyeli: Isahluko esisodwa sibizwa ngokuthi "i-MDR", okusho ukuthi umkhohlisi-ama-Mormir-dormir [edla - ukuphindaphinda], omunye - "ongasebenzi e-International].
Ngeminyaka yama-1990s, iqembu labafundi laqala ukubuthana emigwaqweni, libhikishe ngokumelene nohulumeni futhi lifuna ukuguqulwa kwezepolitiki. Ngokushesha ngamaqembu aqala ukushintshanisa izindaba, imibono futhi asungule izixhumanisi. I-Tea Brewing yayingezwa ngokwemvelo. Isisusa sezepolitiki sanyamalala kancane emashumini amathathu eminyaka alandelayo, enikeza indlela yokubhikisha okuthile okuthule - akhombisa abantu abanesithukuthezi ezweni elinomnotho obuthakathaka. Isinqumo sokubuthana ne-kettle emgwaqweni, hhayi ngaphakathi, sifanekisela impilo yesizwe. Balinde kuze kube yilapho ama-ketle abilayo, futhi ikusasa labo lizothuthuka.
"AbaseNicerians abasebasha bathi" UZaman Kashin Wando ", okusho ukuthi" uhleli, ukubulala ibhulukwe. " Lesi sisho sifanekisela ukungasebenzi komuntu lapho ikusasa laso lihlehlisiwe. I-Haws HAWS lulimi olungafani kahle. "Ukubulala" lapha empeleni kusho ukuthi "ukuphekela," kusho uprofesa we-anthropology yamasiko e-University of Adeline Maschelieu. - Le mbinzana isho ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho uhlala amahora wokuphaphama, ingxenye yebhulukwe iyaguga. Intsha iyazibiza nge- "Masu Kasin Wando" (labo abagqoke amabhulukwe) bayinkulumo ebabazekayo. "
Izifiso zabo zivamile: thola umsebenzi, ushade, uqale ukwenza indlu. Into eyodwa ixhumeke komunye - umshado kungenzeka uma kungenzeka uma le nsizwa engenakho indlela yokuphila. Lapho imisebenzi akwanele, okuwukuphela kwendlela okufanele ulinde. Ososayensi babiza isikhathi esichithwe kuze kube ukuvuthwa eNiger nezinye izindawo, ngokwesibonelo, eNdiya, e-Wainaod (kusuka ekulindile, ukulinda). Laba bantu abasha abangasebenzi abakayeki ngokuphelele. Futhi esikhundleni sokukhula, banesithukuthezi futhi basesimweni esinqunyiwe, ngakho-ke bachitha isikhathi setiye.
Kungani kuvuke isithukutheziIncwadi ethi "Ukuzalwa Kuzalelwa Kanjani Imizwelo" Pserches Psychology of the Northeast Psychom Barrett ichaza ukuthi imizwa akuyona indawo yonke - Alikho indinganiso eyodwa yazo zonke izinga, injabulo noma ulaka. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imizwa yakhiwa yizizinda zethu zamasiko nezenhlalo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amagama esiwasebenzisayo ukuze azichaze.
Kunomehluko ocashile ukuthi ulimi lunomthelela ekuboneni kwemizwelo. Ngakho-ke, igama lesiFulentshi ukuklama isithukuthezi - i-ennui - lihlotshaniswa nokunganaki okudala, ngenkathi isiJalimane - i-langeile, ukuxhumana kwamagama "nelithi" isikhathi "- Kubukeka sengathi igama elithi "uLangeile" lavela amashumi eminyaka ambalwa ngaphambi kwesiNgisi "isithunzi" futhi lasebenza ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Futhi lokhu kusesikhathini esifike ngesikhathi, ngoba, ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, kwakungeke kunesithukuthezi - okungenani ngomqondo esiyaziyo. Ukuze unesithukuthezi, udinga ukuba nembangela futhi ukwazi ukuhlola isikhathi. Konke lokhu bekungasebenzi ekilasini elisebenzayo. Bebehlala benomsebenzi futhi kwakungekho ngcindezi ekhethekile ngenxa yesidingo sokubona ngokuqinile isikhathi.
Inhloko yoMnyango we-Anthropology waseNunivesithi yase-Australia uYasmin Musharbash uthi isithukuthezi sasungulwa njengomuzwa wokuthi kunesici seNtshonalanga. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi "isithukuthezi sanamuhla" esasungulwa ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwezimboni, lapho kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona isikhathi ngemuva kwewashi. Kuleso sikhathi nje leso sitimela saqala ukuhamba ngohlelo. Kungazelelwe, lapho ukuthandwa kwezithuthi zomphakathi kwanda kakhulu, kwaba kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ube kuphi futhi ngasiphi isikhathi. Futhi abasebenzi abasemafektri baqala ukuza bashiye iwashi. Kwakuyisiqalo somsebenzi wokubuyiselwa.
Iwashi laba yingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yezakhamizi zaseNtshonalanga, iletha nabo "isikhathi samahhala", futhi nenhlanhla encane - imali kanye nokuxhumana kwemali. Ngokushesha izakhamizi zaseNtshonalanga zinesithukuthezi zabe sezihlukanisa isithukuthezi sazo emhlabeni.
Ukuphulukisa kusuka ku-boredomUMusharbash ufunda ama-Aborigine aseVarlpiri, ahlala kuwo ama-Jugther e-Australia kusukela ngo-1994. Njalo ngonyaka uyeza kubo isikhashana futhi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule ebonile ushintsho ekutheni isizukulwane saseVarlPirpiri sivivinywa kanjani.
"Ngokomlando, ngiqonde ukwenza amakoloni, into enjalo, njengesigungu, bekungenjalo," kusho yena. - I-Boredom yilapho uhlangabezana nesikhathi. Phambilini, lokhu kumane kungenzeka kwenzeke. Ngenxa yekoloni nokuthi usuku luhlelwe kanjani - izingcingo zesikole, isikhathi sokusebenza, isikhathi siba yingubo ebukhali. " Ukubopha kwesikhathi kudidanisa i-varlpiri, futhi isizukulwane esincane sithatha ngokwengeziwe samukela imikhuba yabantu baseYurophu Australia.
USolwazi we-University of Western Australia, i-Anthropologist Victoria Burbank iveza ukuthi ku-Aborigign amaningi ase-Australia, indlela yokuphila yabantu baseYurophu abasezingeni eliphezulu amukeleki ngokuphelele. Abase-Europe base-Europe bachitha imizamo enkulu yokufundisa izingane zabo ukuba zilale ngesikhathi, kuyilapho abazali - abe-Aborigines benza.
UMurshrashash uthi: "Isikhathi sokulala sisifundisa ukusebenza futhi senze abasebenzi abahle kithi. - Siyaqonda ukuthi izinto ezithile zidinga ukwenziwa ngesikhathi esithile. Lesi yisifundo esihle esihle, kepha le yindlela yokuvuma ukuthi isikhathi ngumnikazi wakho. "
UMusharbash uthi ama-Aborigine ase-Australia "acindezelwe" isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ungabi nesithukuthezi, bazama ukuqeda le ngcindezelo. "Uma uhlala lapha, akunakuvunguza, [isikhathi] nje ugeleza futhi udlulile," kusho uMusharbash. - Ulala, noma uyozingela, noma upheke ukudla, noma uhlale ngomlilo bese uxoxa izindaba. Futhi ukhuluma ngokuthile, qamba imibono yefilosofi ejulile futhi ehehayo, unesamba esingenamkhawulo salokhu. " Isidingo sokusebenzisa kahle isikhathi samahhala siyanyamalala uma ungakhathazeki ngamahora wokuphawula.
Njengasendabeni yeYurophu ngaphambi kwekhulu le-XIX, asazi ukuthi umuzwa wokudangala wavuka emphakathini weVarlPirpirpir ngaphambi kwaleli gama. Kodwa-ke, kusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho kweMusharbash, kusobala ukuthi umbuzo unesithukuthezi - ukuthi ngabe ama-Aborigine azizwa noma angathandeki kuye noma angathandeki kuye - ingaphansi kwendlela yokuphila evela eYurophu. "Akuwona wonke umuntu olala ngasikhathi sinye, ulala lapho ulidinga, bese uqala ukuxoxa noma uzizwe uHumber - akukho okukhombisa ukuthi kufanele wenze okuthile," kusho yena. - Izakhamizi zaseNtshonalanga zinzima kakhulu ukukucabanga. "
Isihluthulelo sekusasaInkululeko kusukela ngesikhathi uMusharbash noMaschelie babukele emphakathini waseVarlpirpiri naphakathi kwabakhileyo eNiger, nabo babonwa kwamanye amasiko angashadile. Kepha bonke babo bahlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi bachitha isikhathi esiningi abazosisebenzisa ekuziphatheni okungenampilo. Lapho isikhathi sicindezela kakhulu, abantu, noma ngabe bahlala kuphi, baqala ukumbulala lowo, njengombuso, kwenzeka okulimaza kakhulu, ama-musharbash aphawula. Abantu bahlukumeza ukubheka i-TV, ukudla noma utshwala, ukugembula kanye nezidakamizwa.
ENiger, kukholakala ukuthi abantu abasha bayisihluthulelo sekusasa lesizwe. Ngokusho kukaMaschelieu, "ofundile eSamari [ofundisayo wamaSamari [Amadoda amancane amaNiger] azwa izisulu zokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ngoba amadoda athathwa njengondlawondo, futhi imfundo yabo ibaluleke kakhulu kunoMfundisi wayo. "Impilo yabantu abangasebenzi ilinganiselwe kakhulu, akunakuba nesikhathi samahhala kuyo, ngoba isikhathi asikaze sihambisane nhlobo," kusho yena.
INoun Niger, ihlolwe i-mascol, chaza isikhathi ngokuthi "ukungabi nalutho bazama" ukugcwalisa "noma" ukubulala ". Igama elithi Rashi, esilihumusha njengoba isithukutheli lisho "ukungahambi kahle", njengaseRashin Da'di, noma "ukuntuleka kwentokozo / ukwaneliseka". I-Boredom eNiger ihlotshaniswa nokuntuleka. Nesikhathi sokubulala isikhathi ngokulimazayo, khona-ke kufanele ukhiqize, udinga ukugcwalisa. Ngakho-ke, baphuza itiye.
"Itiye liphuza lasinathelela njengegciwane," kuchaza umuntu osemusha osemusha. "Itiye umuthi wethu," ungeza omunye.
I-Master of Tea, eqhathanisa isiphuzo sezidakamizwa, igcizelela ukuthi isikhathi singachithwa kokuthile okungekuhle, ngokwesibonelo, ukuncika kwe-musharbash kuqumama. Kulaba bantu, itiye liphenduke indlela yokubuyisa ukulawula isikhathi sayo. Isikhathi sabo asisenanjongo, inenhlalo, inhlangano kanye neyakha.
UMaschelie uthi itiye ephuza amunca amadoda amancane aseNiger ngesikhathi samanje. Inqubo yokuzilibazisa ilwa nama-alamu amabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, banokuthile okufanele balindile - itiye elenziwe ngomumo. Kokunye, bangazithatha ngenqubo eqhubekayo. Ungaphonsa isikhwama setiye endebeni bese uthatha itiye uqobo - Kepha ukuphi ubumnandi lapha?
Ilinde itiye, kanye nemidlalo emakhadini noma i-backgammon, "isebenza indlela ebhekiswe ethambekele ekuxhumaneni okuphikisana namandla adonsela phansi ka-isithukuthezi," uyaphawula. Bagxila kokuthile okubalulekile, hhayi enhlosweni ebaluleke kakhulu yesikhathi eside.
I-Tea Masters ikhombisa ukuthi ukuba nezifiso ezinkulu kuyinto evamile, kepha ukubhekana nesithukuthezi, kungcono ukuhlala kwangempela futhi ujabulele okuzayo maduze.