Ukulanda Imidlalo ye-100 GB yamahora ambalwa, ubuke i-movie esixazululweni se-4K kwinsizakalo yokusika nokulayisha okugciniwe kwezithombe ezivela eholidini ezivela eholidini ezivela eholidini. Okunzima ukwethula izikhathi ngaphandle kwakho konke Lokhu. Esikhundleni salokho, ngokweqiniso, ezinye izinto zazikhona, kepha zazizoshiya ngisho nezinsuku nezinyanga - uma sibheka inani lamanje lokuqukethwe. Ollner, kanye ne-Samsung Galaxy S21, iyaqhubeka nokutadisha indaba yeBaynet kuzo zonke izingxenye. Ekukhishweni okwedlule, saxoxa ngokuvela kanye ne-Intanethi eBelarus nasekudalweni kwamasayithi okuqala. Futhi namhlanje ake sikhumbule abahlinzeki bokuqala, inombolo 8-600-100 (IT, ngendlela, ibingafinyeleleki iminyaka emine) kanye nama-akhawunti amakhulu wocingo abasebenzisile abasebenzisi be-Intanethi bawela i-Intanethi.
Ikhompyutha ibiza cishe ama- $ 1000 ngesilinganiso
Yize i-Intanethi eBelarus yavela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, yaqhubeka nokuqala kabusha izikhungo, izikhungo zocwaningo nakho konke okwakuqondakala ngalesi sifushaniso esikhohliwe esicishe saziwelaba. UBelorus Nikolay uyakhumbula ukuthi yena ngokwakhe usebenzisa i-Intanethi "ngokuqonda okujwayelekile", kwaba cishe ngo-1995-1996, yize abantu abaningi bebengakali muntu ngeWebhu Everal. Umbuzo "ingabe le-Intanethi yasekhaya?" Kuyamangaza i-interlocutor yethu: "Ukuxolelwa, khona-ke ikhompyutha ibiza i-oda lamadola. Angikhumbuli ukuthi-ke bekungokwe-ruble, kodwa kwakunzima kakhulu ukuthola imali enjalo. Futhi bengingumfundi. I-Intanethi esetshenziswe emsebenzini, futhi, empeleni, yayiphakathi kwezinhlangano eziningi eziningi. " UNikolai ngaleso sikhathi wayese-Academy of Science. Ama-Consourners aqala ukuxhuma i-Intanethi mayelana nengxenye yesibili yeminyaka, kepha isikhathi eside saqhubeka kungavamile.
Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, amakhompyutha abukeka cishe kanjalo
Abasebenzisi bokuqala be-Intanethi eBelarus bangochwepheshe abadinga ukufinyelela kwimininingwane yakwamanye amazwe ngomsebenzi wabo. UNikolay ukhumbula ukuthi wabe eseya kwi-Intanethi eyofuna imininingwane ngezindawo zakwamanye amazwe, izincwadi ezinozakwabo kanye nabangane: "Benginethuba lokusebenzisa umqashi wami, okhokhelwa umqashi wami."
I-Intanethi yasekhaya bese ixhumekile, futhi, kungenzeka, kepha kuphumula kakhulu ekutholakaleni kokuxhumana noma inani layo, kodwa ngentengo yekhompyutha. Kulesi sikhathi, i-PC ingakwazi ukukhokhela okumbalwa, futhi kuphela ngenkulungwane entsha yeminyaka, ikhompyutha izoba yithuluzi elijwayelekile noma elingaphansi emafulethini aseBelarusians.
- Embuthanweni wami wokuxhumana, abaningi basebenzise i-Intanethi, kepha lo mbuthano wawungafani nalokhu: Omunye wabandakanyeka ebhizinisini lamazwe omhlaba, kwaqala amasayithi - noma ngabe imakethe ethile yaqala, "kuphendula uNikolai.
Qala abahlinzeki
IBelpak ibhekwa njengenethiwekhi yokuqala yaseBelarusian ukuthi amabutho wombuso aqala ukuwaqala emuva ngo-1992 engxenyeni eshintshayo eMinsk. Ngemuva kwalokho yasetshenziselwa i-imeyili, futhi ifuneke kakhulu ukunikezwa okunikezwayo. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka ama-node amahlanu kwavela ezifundeni zezwe. Futhi engxenyeni yokuqala yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, kwaqhamuka umhlinzeki wenethiwekhi yangasese yezinhlelo, futhi yi-NSYS noma i- "NSC". Umsunguli wakhe u-Alethei Kolb ukhumbula ukuthi isikhathi "esivela e-euphoria kusuka emphakathini nokwakhiwa kabusha." Ngasikhathi sinye, iHhovisi leNhlangano yaseMelika yokuxhumana okuthuthukayo livele eMoscow, elivule ukufinyelela kwe-Intanethi kumaSulumane. Yabizwa ngokuthi yinhlangano "Glasnet", waqala ukusebenza njengomhlinzeki.
- Ngathola iziqu eyunivesithi ngo-1993 futhi ngangizifunela. Isikhathi esithile ngangibandakanyekile ekuhumusheni imidwebo yamaphepha e-autocad, bese ngithola umnikelo wokukhanda ihhovisi "glasnet" eBelarus. Basuse egumbini esitaladini saseRussia kwezinye izinkundla ezilahliwe, ngadonsela ikhompyutha ekhaya ngakwenza iseva kuyo, "u-Alexey uyakhumbula.
Ngonyaka kamuva, ngoSepthemba 9, 1994, amasistimu wenethiwekhi osomabhizinisi abhalisiwe:
- Isikhathi sokuqala sisebenza nge- "Glasnet", ngasikhathi sinye amakhasimende okuqala avele. Sibe nenombolo yamalayisense amabili, futhi owokuqala, mhlawumbe, "belpaka".
Cishe iminyaka efanayo, abanye abahlinzeki baqala ukuvela, futhi kwakuningi kakhulu kubo: "Solo", "vula ukuxhumana", "beBelimfield" (adsl.by) nabanye. Umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe wase-Atlant Telekoma (osungulwe ngonyaka ka-2000) u-Oleg Gavrilov ukhumbula ukuthi imakethe yokuqala kweMillenium yayingeyona into ekhululekile futhi ekhethekile phakathi kwabahlinzeki.
- Ukusho ukuthi laba bahlinzeki babekhulu, mhlawumbe cha. Yize kuncike ekutheni ukukala kanjani. IBelteleCom nama-MGTs ayehluke ngokuphelele ngokwehlukana, futhi iBeltelecom ngaleso sikhathi ayizange inikeze ukufinyelela kwe-Broadband (Blyfly brand yavela kamuva). Ukuhlinzekwa kokufinyelela kubasebenzisi bokugcina be-Intanethi kwafakwa kuma-MGTS: Banikeze ukufinyelela okunamakha, kodwa babene-cosmic, ngokukhokha okuyisikhumbuzo. Ngokuqondene nokuphumula ... ukubiza umhlinzeki omkhulu nenkampani enezintambo ezingama-60 zokufinyelela kokushayela kanye namakhasimende ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu asebenzisa ngokungafanele ukufinyelela kokushintshwa kwe-Intanethi? Manje ngisho nenethiwekhi yendawo, noma yikuphi ukuhoxa kuhlale abantu abaningi.
Inombolo emangalisayo 8-600-100
UNiche wayekhululekile, futhi abahlinzeki bakha kakhulu abathanda kakhulu. Umsunguli we- "Network yasekhaya" Dmitry Egyptor uthi ukwakhiwa kwenkampani, empeleni kwakuyindlela ephoqelekile, futhi ekuqaleni kwakufuna ukumane kwenze impilo ibe lula:
- Ukudalwa komhlinzeki kufike kwaphoqelelwa. Besingeke sibe ngumhlinzeki, nje sizamile ukwenza ukufinyelela kwi-Intanethi eshibhile futhi kungabizi kakhulu kithi, omakhelwane bethu nawo wonke umuntu oxhumeke kwinethiwekhi yethu. Kancane kancane, i-Amateur Hobby Network isiphenduke umsebenzi, futhi izimbangi kanye nezinhlaka zoMbuso zikuphoqe ukuthi zikuvumelele ngokusemthethweni.
Ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwe- "Network yasekhaya" yemakethe ngenxa yalokho, kwakungekho, futhi isidingo sokufinyelela kwi-Intanethi kwakunguKoloses. Ezezimali zazincane, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuyinhloko kuyinani elikhulu labasebenzi kanye nolwazi emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi.
Photo: Alexey Flask Archive
Isidingo sasisikhulu, futhi sakhiwa ngesikhathi esifushane:
- Ukuvela "kabusha" kokuqala kwabonisa ukuthi insizakalo iyadingeka, isidingo sasisikhulu. Abathakazelayo babone ithuba, njengokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kakhulu futhi basebenzise into abayithandayo, futhi mhlawumbe bahole. Siqale ngemigqa engama-60 yokungena ekushintsheni. Kwakungekho lutho olunye. Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela imigqa engu-120, ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi - 240, "kusho u-Oleg Gavrilov. - Belarus of the 2000th - Epech of the Shinch (Dial-Up) Access. Wena, empeleni watholakala. Usuvele wasebenza uBeltelekoM, kwaba nenombolo enhle 8-600-100. Bonke basebenzise: bobabili uJurlitsa kanye nodokotela.
Manje kubonakala sengathi kuyahlekisa, kepha ijubane lokufinyelela lalivame ukuba ngama-33.6 kbps. Kwakuyisivinini esikhulu esikhona seZinga. Abanye bazama ukuqhuba isiteshi sama-53 kbps. Futhi-ke, ngokuya ngekhwalithi yomugqa, utholile ijubane elinjalo noma awuzange ulitholile.
Ukuxhumeka ngocingo kwakuyi-analogous, futhi kakhudlwana, kwesinye isikhathi kwakudingeka ukuthi kwabelane ngomugqa owodwa abe ngamafulethi amaningana: izinombolo zocingo ezahlukahlukene, kepha ungasebenzisa ifoni kuphela, ngoba umugqa yiSpares.
- Futhi angizange ngibe munye, lokhu akusikho okuhlukile. Kuyavela lapho uhlala kwi-Intanethi isikhathi eside futhi umugqa wawumatasatasa, umakhelwane akakwazanga ukubiza noma yikuphi. Futhi, kwenzeka, kwafika, kwashaywa ngasemnyango: "Yini ejwayelekile, ake ngibize!" Kumnandi, ngokuvamile. Lapho-ke impucuko yazulazula emaphethelweni ethu: babona umugqa, okungukuthi, manje wayesemami kuphela. Phambilini, bekungenakwenzeka ukuthi ungasho lutho: umugqa iminyaka eyishumi, bhala phansi ulinde.
Ikhekhe leminyaka emihlanu ye-NSYS. Photo: Alexey Flask Archive
Thengisa ikhompyutha ukukhokha ama-akhawunti we-Intanethi
Ngo-2000, i-Intanethi ibibiza kakhulu, yize kungekho noyedwa okhumbula amanani anembile - ikakhulukazi uma singabheki nje kuphela isilinganiso samadola ku-ruble, kodwa futhi nokudla okumbalwa, bese kuba nehlelo. Kodwa-ke, bonke abantu bethu be-interlocututor bathi amanani entengo amnandi. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye akuzange kuyeke muntu. Umfundi wethu uVladimir wakhumbula ukuthi ngolunye usuku ukukhokha izikweletu zocingo kwadingeka ukuthi athengise ikhompyutha yakudala:
- Kwakungubusuku obunye: Umfowethu waba ngaleso sikhathi, i-Intanethi iyinto entsha, ethokozisayo, futhi ngifuna ukuchitha isikhathi. Sasilengiswa ebusuku bemfihlo engxoxweni.By (Kunezigaba ezi-Theratic: Mayelana nemidlalo, ukudoba, nokunye) kanye ne- "Chat Mail.ru". Kubukeka sengathi, ukuxhumana nje, futhi empeleni kuthatha isikhathi. Manje empeleni sinohlobo oluthile lolwazi kwi-Intanethi olufunayo, bese ngivele ngijabule nothile. Ngifunde i- "solo kukhibhodi" futhi ngabhala ezingxoxweni ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngelinye ilanga babona ukuthi ngefoni kwakudingeka bakhokhe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80. Ngikhumbula ukuthi abazali bami bafunga ngokuqinile ngenxa yenani lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15-20, lapho mina nentombazane enocingo oluningi lwakhuluma. Futhi lapha izinkulungwane ezingama-80! Ngiye emakethe eZhdanovichi nasezingxenyeni ezisele kuthengise ikhompyutha yakudala yokubuyisela isikweletu. Abazali bebengazi lutho isikhathi eside.
Ukufinyelela okushintshiwe kwakuvame ukukhokhiswa isikhathi sokuxhuma, hhayi ngevolumu yethrafikhi elandiwe. Ngakho-ke, ijubane elihamba kancane liholele ezindlekweni ezengeziwe: amakhasi alayishwa ngobuhlakani isikhathi eside, futhi imali itshaliwe.
Kepha, njengazo zonke izikhathi, isimo esihle sezezimali singenza impilo futhi sisebenzele kwi-Intanethi kujabulise ngokwengeziwe, kusho u-Oleg Gavrilov (Atlant Telecom):
- Kukhona imali - xhuma ngokusebenzisa ukufinyelela okungavikelekile kwe- "Beltelloma" noma uye kwabanye abahlinzeki ababenezifo zabo zemodemu. Ngokuyinhloko, kwakukhona okushibhile kancane. Ngubani opholile, uthenge umugqa we-ISDN - empeleni kuyintambo e-SAIT BARIT, kuphela emaphethelweni neminye imishini, kusetshenziswe amamodeli akhethekile we-ISDN. Isixazululo esinjalo sesivele senze ukuthi sikwazi ukuba nejubane lama-64 kbps, futhi kwakuyisibonakaliso sedijithali, hhayi i-analog. Okungukuthi, isiginali selivele lathola izinzile. Obani abanye abaye bafika, waba nomugqa wezingcingo ozinikele we-Intanethi kuphela. Yebo, iziteshi zokuxhumana ezixhunyiwe kakhulu ezixhunyiwe: Kwakukhona iMegabit noma emibili. Ukuqonda: Imodemu eyodwa enjalo ibiza ama- $ 1,200. Akutholakalanga kubantu, izinhlaka ezingokomthetho, empeleni,. Ngubani oxhunyiwe? Abahlinzeki futhi mhlawumbe amanye amabhange.
Kwesinye isikhathi abahlinzeki abababibhisa kangako, kodwa ngekhwalithi nokuqina kokuxhumana - noma ngentengo ephakeme. Le ndlela yakhetha i-NSYS:
- Sizame ngokuyisisekelo ukugcina ibha yentengo ephakeme kunabanye abahlinzeki, ngo-7-12%. Ngale mali bathenga ama-router asezingeni eliphakeme, amamodemu u.S. Amarobhothi. Phakathi kwamakhasimende ethu cishe wonke amabhange aseBelarusian. Kuliqiniso, khona-ke kwaphuma umthetho othile, sasithatha le ngxenye.
Photo: Archive Alexei Flask "Ukuxhaswa Kwezobuchwepheshe konyaka ngaphambi kuka-2005 bekungenjalo"
Ngokufika kwabasebenzisi bokuqala, kwakunesidingo sokusekelwa kwabo. Ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe babembalwa, futhi abahlinzeki baxazulula inkinga ngamafreyimu ngezindlela ezihlukile. Esimweni "senethiwekhi yasekhaya", ochwepheshe batholwa kubathandi abafanayo, kanye nabasebenzi bale nkampani ejwayelekile, kusho uDmitry Egypt:
- Ochwepheshe abahamba phambili bakhuliswa futhi bazikhulisa, iningi labasebenzi lalivela kubabhalisile benethiwekhi. Futhi baqonda konke ngokwabo.
U-Oleg Gavrilov ("Atlant Telecom") usho lokho ke ongoti ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe njengoba kunjalo futhi kwakungekho:
- Akukho ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe konyaka ngaphambi kuka-2005. Ngesikhathi sesisekelo somhlinzeki, sasibantu abayisithupha kuphela, lapho ama-techies amathathu abaphathi ababili kanye ne-cabler eyodwa. Lapha babezibandakanyeke kubo bonke: kanye nobunjiniyela benethiwekhi, kanye nokuphathwa kohlelo, kanye nokusekelwa, kanye nama-deposit.
Ngokuthuthukiswa komhlinzeki, umbuso wasungulwa kubantu abanemfundo yezobuchwepheshe: Polytech, RADITECH. Futhi wafundisa abantu ezindaweni lezo zinhloni ezazingavezwa emanyuvesi.
I-Dmitry Egyptko ("Inethiwekhi yasekhaya"): "Umshini wokuqala we-welding kunethiwekhi. Kusetshenzisiwe, kuthengwe eMoscow emakethe yezimbali "
Izinkinga Zobuchwepheshe zibe sezivela kakhulu: Abantu bebengazi izici ezingaxhumi nje kwi-Intanethi kuphela, kodwa futhi nomsebenzi wekhompyutha uqobo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokusho kuka-Alexey Kolba (NSYS), kwakukuhle:
- Abamba izindaba ezihlekisayo, futhi eziningi zazo zihambisana nokuxhaswa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngandlela-thile sashintsha ama-racks namaseva, futhi asizange sisebenze cishe amahora owodwa nesigamu se-Intanethi. Umsebenzisi ubiza futhi akhononda: Ayikho i-Intanethi. Futhi iseluleko sethu sobuchwepheshe: Basho, mhlawumbe kufanele unqande idiski? Inqubo yokudelela nje yathatha cishe amahora owodwa nesigamu. Lapho-ke iklayenti elifanayo libize futhi labonga: Ngiyabonga, lisizile. Kusukela lapho, imvamisa, ukuxoxa ngezinkinga ezithile, kubuzane, noma ngabe idiski yenziwe.
U-Alexey Kolb.
Azikho izinkinga ngokwanda kwesisekelo sababhalisile. Noma ngabe kunalokho okuphambene nalokho: Abantu ngokwabo badlulisela kubahlinzeki ngokuxhuma.
- Ngesimo, isifunda esisodwa bekungumhlinzeki oyedwa - njengamanje nge-Cable TV. Futhi awunakho ukukhetha: Ukufinyelela okuyingaphakathi noma umhlinzeki, noma awunayo i-inthanethi, "kusho u-Oleg Gavrilov (" Atlant Telecom ").
Kuphela kuphela ukuphela kwama-2000s, isimo saguqulwa saba ngakolunye uhlangothi: Abahlinzeki baqala ukulwela iklayenti.
Ukucinga kwendawo efanelekile kwakubukeka kanjena: Ngokufanele, akufanele kube khona ukuncintisana kule nsimu. Lapho-ke indawo inqunywa ngenani eliphakeme kakhulu labantu - njengomthetho, lezi yizindawo zokulala ezinezindlu eziphakeme. Ekugcineni, udinga ukuqonda okuningi noma okuncane, lapho indawo yengcebo yabantu iphakeme khona.
Ngemuva kokuthi abahlinzeki bathathe zonke izindawo, ukuncintisana kwaqala: "Umhlinzeki ngamunye wayenokukhetha: ukuya e-angark enemibandela enezakhiwo ezinezitezi ezinhlanu, lapho unabantu abambalwa, kodwa ozoba okwesibili lapho, bese uyoba okwesithathu . "
Ngenxa yalokhu, umncintiswano uholele eqinisweni lokuthi endaweni ngayinye kwakukhona abahlinzeki abangu-3-5, futhi umzabalazo wawusuvele unezimo ezinhle kakhulu zamakhasimende: izindleko zezintela, amasheya nezinye izinto.
I-Dmitry Egyptolo ("Inethiwekhi yasekhaya") iyakhumbula ukuthi inethiwekhi ekuqaleni ibukeka njenge- "Cascades of attict attic ku-attic futhi emakamelweni axhumene ne-attic esontekile kanye" nomoya "ethafeni lezakhiwo ezingomakhelwane." Kepha ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa baqala ukwakha inethiwekhi ngokusekelwe kulayini wokuxhumana we-fiber-optic:
- Ngokobuchwepheshe, iminyaka eyishumi, sidlulile indlela kusuka ku- "Soaps" engaphekiwe ngama- $ 15 kuya kuma- $ 15 kuya kuma-multifaws aphethwe ama-multifaws aphethwe ama-fiber, anezikhungo eziningi zomzila kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezimoto eziningi.
I-Dmitry Egyptko ("Inethiwekhi yasekhaya"): "2005, izivivinyo zokuqala nge-fiber optic kunethiwekhi. Okokuqala, ukufaka esikhundleni "somoya", okwakudla njalo ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu "
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imakethe yabelane yabahlinzeki abakhulu phakathi kwabo, futhi izinketho zokuxhuma emadolobheni amakhulu ziye zaba kakhulu kangangokuba zahlala zikhetha imali ekhokhwayo engcono kakhulu. Kepha kuzoba kude no-2000.
Sethula i-New Galaxy S21 Ultra. Amakhamera akhe ayisitudiyo sefilimu ezandleni zakho. Ngayo, ungadubula ividiyo ngo-8k bese uguqula uhlaka ngalunye esithombeni esikhanyayo umane nje usohambeni. Futhi inhlanganisela ye-superfast 5-nanometer processor Exynos, icala elihlala liyingilazi eliqinile nebhethri usuku lonke lomsebenzi luthethelela ngokuphelele igama lemodeli - i-Ultra.
Ilungiselelwe ngokusekelwa kwe-Samsung Electronics LLC Rus Cus Kompani, UNP 7703608910.
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