Esifundeni seKirov, njengaseRussia sisonke, inkinga yodlame lwasekhaya lubiza kakhulu, kepha ayikhulumi kabanzi ngayo. Ngokusemthethweni kuphela esifundeni abaqale ngamakhulu amacala obugebengu bemelene nabasekhaya basekhaya, empeleni bathe xaxa. Iningi labesifazane - okungukuthi baba yizisulu zobudlova kaningi - bakhetha ukuba buthule futhi babekezelele ngethemba lokuthi konke kuzoshintsha. Sisho ukuthi ungakubona kanjani udlame lwasekhaya nokuthi ufuna usizo kuphi.
"Ngaphuza - nomuntu ohluke ngokuphelele"
Ezimweni eziningi, abesifazane nezingane baba yizisulu zodlame. Amadoda mancane amathuba okusiza, noma ngokungaziwa, ngoba lokhu akwamukelwa emphakathini.
I-Kirovchanka Marina (igama lishintshiwe - approx. Ed.) Lihlala nomhlaseli iminyaka emihlanu, kepha bebengashadanga. Izimpawu zokuqala zolaka zibheke kubo, uMarina waqala ukubona iminyaka emithathu ehlala ndawonye.
- Waba nolaka kuphela ngemuva kokuphuza, futhi ushintsho lwalubukhali kakhulu. Ishayela amabhodlela amabili kabhiya - futhi njengokungathi ungumuntu ohluke ngokuphelele. Ngesinye isikhathi ngaqala ukucabanga ukuthi unobuntu bokuhlukanisa. Yebo, akunakwenzeka ukuguquka kakhulu, "kusho uKirovchanka.
Ngemuva kotshwala nganoma yisiphi isimangaliso, umuntu waphendula kakhulu, futhi ngesinye isikhathi waqala ukusabalalisa izandla zakhe: wakwazi ukushesha, ngokwesibonelo, ukuze anikeze isikhwama. Ngokusho kukaMarina, inani eliphakeme lobulahlo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sazo sokuqala ngokuhlanganyela.
- Saphuza kancane futhi sixabana. Wahamba wangishaya ngezandla ezimbili ezindlebeni. Ngikhumbula ukuthi kwahlaselwa kanjani odongeni, bese ngindiza ngiye ekukhanyiseni okunjalo. Ngaqala ukubhonga, ngikhale okuthile ngokuthi akazange angithinti, futhi wawumthukuthelele ngokwengeziwe. Ngasikhathi esithile ngangimnyama emehlweni ami, empeleni angizange nginikeze umbiko ngezenzo zami, kwakukhona ama-glimpses athile wokwazi. Ngisanda kuqala ukususa izandla zami ukuphendula, futhi ekugcineni kwaphula isandla sami ngaye, "kuchaza iKirovka.
Ngemuva kwalesi sigameko, umuntu obambezelayo wamphendukela ngokucophelela futhi waxolisa njalo ngokuphumula kwehlulekile. Kepha ngokuvamile, indlela aziphatha ngayo ayikashintshi. UMarina ukhumbula ukuthotshiswa njalo ngokuziphatha: amagama angumuntu ongemuhle, alungiselela ngokunambitha futhi akekho odinga.
Phezulu kuphela kwe-iceberg
Umqondisi wesikhungo sosizo lwezenhlalo nakwezengqondo uNina Yershova uphawula ukuthi inkinga yodlame lwasekhaya isuselwa kumgomo we-iceberg - ingxenye encane kakhulu ebonakalayo. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi ngamacala odlame onesihluku ngokweqile, umphakathi owaziwa, noma ukusakazwa kwezisulu ku-psychotherapist. Kodwa-ke, engxenyeni ethi "Ngaphansi kwamanzi", ngokodokotela wezengqondo, kunobuhlakani obuhlukile bokuxhashazwa okuhlukile, ukuthukwa, ngokwengqondo, ngokomzimba, ngokobulili nodlame lodlamenteke.
- Akuwona wonke umuntu obona ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuphoqelelwa, ukungena kwinkululeko yokuphila, ubuqotho bokomzimba nangokwengqondo buwubudlova. Ukuhlambalaza kanye nokuthotshiswa kwesithunzi kunodlame lwengqondo. Uma kuvaliwe ekhaya, kwathatha ifoni nayo yonke indlela yokuxhumana yathi "ngilinde", futhi ubudlova. Futhi akunandaba, ukuthi kwenziwa yiziphi izinhloso, "kusho uNina Yershova.
Isazi siyaqiniseka ukuthi ubudlova buyakujikeleza, futhi uma kwenzeka kanye, nakanjani ukuphinda. Ngemuva kukalaka, kuza "isikhathi sezinyosi", esiphoqa isisulu ukuba singabaza ngokwenzekile. Lapho-ke ubudlelwano buyenziwa kabusha - futhi futhi udlame. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkathi zohlanya ziba zinde futhi zivame, futhi "isikhathi sezinyosi", kunalokho, sincishisiwe.
Kungani kuphakama ulaka emphakathini?
UNina Yershova uphawula ukuthi ulaka emphakathini lwakhiwa yimithetho yezomnotho nezepolitiki. Isibonelo, umyeni waqala ukungasebenzi, futhi unkosikazi udinga imali yokuqukethwe komndeni. Ukusuka ekushintsheni ukuguqula isimo, indoda izokhipha ulaka kulabo abaseduze ezinganeni, kumkakhe noma obuthakathaka.
Kuthinta isimo kanye nabezindaba lapho izindaba feed zivame ukukhunjuzwa kaningi ngemibiko yobugebengu. Kubukeka sengathi uma nje ubudlova bubhalwe futhi kuvame kakhulu, khona-ke lokhu kujwayelekile, kusho u-Ershov.
I-Cinema, ngokusho kochwepheshe wezengqondo, nayo iyaba nomthelela kuleli cala. UNina Yershova uhlukanisa amafilimu abe izinhlobo ezimbili: "Obizwa ngokuthi uchungechunge lwe-TV mayelana nothando" kanye nabaphenyi mayelana namaphoyisa, izigcawu ezigcwele zobudlova. Emidlalweni yothando, futhi, kunodlame: kwezomnotho noma ngokwengqondo, kepha kufihlwe ngemuva kwesithombe sempilo ejabulisayo necebile.
I-Chat BOT ukusiza izisulu zodlame
Umphakathi njengonke ukubekezelela ngokuphelele ubhekisa odlameni lwasekhaya. Lapho efulethini elilandelayo ngumsindo kanye nenhlaka, akuyena wonke umuntu ozoqonda. NgokukaNina Yershova, kuhlotshaniswa nama-stereotypes amasiko. Isibonelo, kukholakala ukuthi umyeni nguye yebo umfazi ngomunye uSathane nokuthi akwenzeki ngaphakathi komndeni, akunandaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kungukuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu. Isibonelo, omakhelwane babiza amaphoyisa, umyeni wakhe wahlawuliswa. Lapho-ke abashadikazi babuyisana, futhi abanecala kwakukhona omakhelwane, ngoba inhlawulo ibifanele ukukhokha kwisabelomali somndeni.
Imvamisa, imihlatshelo ngokwayo ayikhokheli usizo ngenxa yokwesaba abathandekayo, kubantwana, kusukela kumahloni ukuthi kwenzeka kubo, kusukela emntwini wecala. Ngakho-ke, abaningi ngezinhlungu zabo zisho ngokungaziwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Lezi zikhalo ziye zaba yinto yokufunda ososayensi abavela eVyatga naseTomsk University.
Lo msebenzi nokuqwashisa ngesilinganiso senkinga kuphoqele isikhungo sosizo lwezenhlalo nokwengqondo ekwakhiweni kweLada Chat Bot. Le sevisi yathuthukiswa ngokwesekwa kwe-Potanin Foundation. Ngenkathi yethulwa kwimodi yokuhlola. Le nsizakalo yamukela imilayezo engaziwa ngodlame futhi ithumela izinto zokwaziswa kanye noxhumana nabo kochwepheshe ongafuna usizo kuye.
- Umbuzo uhlala uhlala uzokwenza ngokulandelayo: Qhubeka nokuphila ndawonye noma ukuxazulula inkinga ngendlela ehlukile. Akunakwenzeka ukuguqula indlela yokuziphatha komunye umuntu, singazishintsha kuphela, isimo sethu sengqondo esimweni, kanye nokubonisana nodokotela wezengqondo, ama-psychotherapist asiza kulokhu, "kusho uNina Yershova.
Isaziso sezengqondo ukuthi i-Chat Bot iyisinyathelo sokuqala kuphela ekuxazululeni inkinga. Udlala indima eyazisayo, kepha uchwepheshe kuphela onganikeza usizo lwangempela.
Ubugebengu nokujeziswa
Ngo-2016, lapho umthetho ophansi kokushaywa kwamukelwa, iningi lalawa macala emndenini langena ekukhishweni kwezokuphatha futhi wawela ngaphansi kwe-Article 6.1.1 yekhodi yokuphatha yeRussia Federation.
- Njalo ngonyaka kule ndatshana Senza amaphrothokholi acishe abe yinkulungwane maqondana nabantu abaqale ukushaya ukushaywa kuqala, okungukuthi, babangela ubuhlungu bomzimba ngaphandle kwemiphumela. Lokhu kungahle kube nje kuphela ukungqubuzana kwemindeni kuphela, kodwa futhi nokungqubuzana phakathi kwabantu abajwayelekile, omakhelwane, abadlulayo, - kwaphana inhloko yoMnyango Wezemisebenzi Wesifunda Esigunyaziwe Sezindaba Zangaphakathi zeKirov esifundeni seKirov, uMikhail Koochilov.
Ukubonga kabusha ukushaywa phakathi konyaka, isikweletu sobugebengu ngaphansi kobuciko. 116.1 yeKhodi Yezobugebengu. Kodwa-ke, isijeziso esikuyo sithambile impela - inhlawulo enama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40, umsebenzi ophoqelekile ufinyelela emahoreni angama-240, usebenza ngezinto zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezinyanga eziyisithupha noma ukuboshwa ezinyangeni ezi-3.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhalo zangempela emaphoyiseni, i-latent (efihliwe - ed.) Ubugebengu emkhakheni womndeni uhamba ngezikhathi ezi-3-6.
UMarina akazange ancenge amaphoyisa, ngokusho kwentombazane, wayengenamcabango.
- Cishe, bengingafuni ukonakalisa impilo yakhe ngezindatshana zobugebengu, futhi empeleni akusona ngokomuntu noma okuthile. Sinesimo sengqondo saseRussia, ngokusobala, uxabana.
UMarina wazama kaningi ukusuka engshinini yasekhaya, kodwa wathandaza ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze intethelelo futhi wathi ngeke kwenzeke okuningi. Eminyakeni emihlanu kuphela kamuva wathola amandla okushiya unomphela. Kusukela lapho, sekudlule iminyaka engu-7, uMarina washada, wabeletha amadodakazi amabili.
- Omunye akamemezeli umuntu ukuthi abekezelele. Abesifazane, njengomthetho, bakholelwa ukuthi hit kanye - thethelela, mhlawumbe ngeke usaphinde wenteke, "kusho uMikhail Koochilov. - Uma lona wesifazane edluliselwe enhlanganweni yezokwelapha, imininingwane kithi izofika, sizothola ngakho. Kepha uma ethi, washaya emsebenzini, ngengozi alimale kabi emzimbeni, futhi udokotela ukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungaba yicala elingelona ngendlela, lapho-ke asikuboni la maqiniso. Lapha, indima ye-precinct nabahloli be-PDN - ukuyibona, khuluma nomuntu ohlukunyezwayo, nomakhelwane, endaweni ethile babona ukulimala emkhakheni wobuso, izandla, amahlombe. Ngemuva kwalokho siqala ukwenza ukuhlolwa.
Njengoba uMikhail Skchilov echaza, ubuciko. I-116.1 yeKhodi yobugebengu yeRussia Federation iyisihloko sokumangalelwa ngasese, okungukuthi, uma ohlukunyeziwe engafuni ukuheha ukunqwabelanisa, khona-ke amaphoyisa angeke enze lutho. Kodwa-ke, amacala lapho izingane zihlupheka khona, ubuhlobo obukhethekile, futhi kulezi zimo amaphoyisa anelungelo lokuvuselela icala lobugebengu ngaphandle kwesifiso sabazali.
Ngasikhathi sinye, noma ngabe isisulu sobudlova sinxuse emaphoyiseni futhi sabhala isitatimende, singanikeza icala, futhi kunezimo eziningi ezinjalo.
- Izindatshana 116.1 ("Ukushaywa"), 117 ("Ukuhlukunyezwa") kanye ne-119 yeKhodi yobugebengu yeRussia Federation ("usongo ekubulaweni kwecala") yizinhlanganisela zokuvimbela kabili. Okusho ukuthi, bavimbela ikhomishini yamacala abucayi ngokwengeziwe - abangela ukulimala okubi empilweni nokubulala. Sinethuba lokuvimbela ubugebengu esigabeni sokulimala okwengeziwe noma okuncane emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, sinikeza isisulu ukuba sibhale kabusha kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 ngenkathi kukhona isheke afisa ukuheha ubulungiswa futhi afeze kulokhu. Uma engafuni, ubhala isitatimende esiphikisayo mayelana nokubuyisana kwamaqembu. Imvamisa abesifazane baphikisana ngesisombululo sabo semvume yokuthi behle nomyeni wakhe bamxolele, "kusho uMikhail Kochotov.
Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba usebenza kuphela kumacala obugebengu. Ngecala lokuphatha, owonile asazokwenziwa ubulungiswa. Uma kunomyalezo mayelana nokushaywa futhi, khona-ke isheke lenziwa ngaphansi kwe-Article 117 leKhodi yobugebengu yeRussia Federation ("Ukuhlukunyezwa"), okungukuthi, kubangela ubuhlungu bomzimba kumuntu ofanayo amahlandla amabili. Ngo-2020, kwaqalwa amacala anjalo lobugebengu, kwathi amacala angama-60 anikelwe ezinganeni.
Akukho buhlungu - akunacala
UMikhail Jochelov. Photo: Umvd esifundeni saseKirov
Bonke labo abaye baphula emkhakheni wobudlelwano bomndeni nobudlelwano basekhaya, kubandakanya nezimo ukuthi izinqumo zokwenqaba zenziwa unyaka ukuba ziphendulele amaScandalusts omndeni nasendlini.
"Kufika uzungu lwekota kulo mndeni, ubheka lesi simo, kusho nomakhelwane," kuchazwa uMikhail Schilokov. - Kwesinye isikhathi omakhelwane bayazi ngomndeni ngaphezu kwezihlobo eziseduze abangahlali nazo. Uma ngonyaka azikho izinhlelo zokusebenza, akukho ukwephulwa, khona-ke susa kubalwa. Uma amaqiniso ekhona, sibheka, ukuphatha noma ubugebengu leli cala, nangomunye unyaka sibeka i-akhawunti.
Konke ukwephulwa kungabikwa emaphoyiseni. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umthwalo wemfanelo uza kuphela uma umuntu ehlangabezana nobuhlungu emzimbeni.
- Siyabheka noma kunjalo. Uma umuntu ehlangabezana nobuhlungu, khona-ke kukhona ukwephulwa. Uma kungahloliwe, khona-ke akukho ukwakheka futhi kunquma ukunqanyulwa kokukhiqizwa, "kuchazwe kabusha.
Amaphoyisa abiza iKirovska ukuthi angathuli uma ungumuntu ozozinikela kodlame, futhi ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhelwa emacaleni nezingane.
Photo: IstockPhoto.com, Pixabay.com