Ngabe siphila ku-computer sekulingisa? Umbuzo ubonakala engenangqondo. Noma kunjalo, baningi abantu abahlakaniphile abaqinisekayo ukuthi lokhu akwenzeki kuphela, kodwa, kungenzeka, iqiniso, iqiniso.
Esihlokweni esigunyaziwe, esigcizelela lo mbono, isazi sefilosofi i-Oxford Nick Bortrom sikhombise ukuthi okungenani elinye lamathuba amathathu liyiqiniso: 1) Zonke izimpucuko zabantu endaweni yonke zizofa ngaphambi kokuthola iqiniso lezobuchwepheshe lokwenza into esetshenziswayo; 2) Uma kukhona izimpucuko zithole ngempela lesi sigaba sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe, akekho noyedwa kubo owethula; noma 3) Izimpucuko ezithuthukile) zinamandla okudala ukumbumbuluzwa okuningi, okusho ukuthi imihlaba eyenziwe inkulu kakhulu kunaleyo ayisebenzi.
I-BOSTR iphetha ngokuthi ngeke sazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yikuphi ukukhetha okuyiqiniso, kepha konke kungenzeka - kanti okwesithathu kubukeka kungenzeka kakhulu. Kunzima ukubeka ekhanda lami, kepha kunencazelo ethile kulokhu kubonisana.
I-Rizvan Vilk, uchwepheshe emcabangweni wemishini yekhompiyutha nomqambi wegeyimu yevidiyo, eshicilele incwadi ethi "hypothensis of sekulingisa" ngonyaka we-2019, lapho i-bostroma ngxabano ilungiswa okuningi imininingwane eminingi. Ulanda indlela kusuka kubuchwepheshe banamuhla kuya kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "iphuzu lokulingisa" - okwamanje lapho singakha khona ukumbumbuluzwa okunengqondo okufana ne- "matrix". Ngicele i-warrik ukuthi ilandise ngalo mbono.
Ukuzikhandla kweSean: Yenza sengathi angikwazi lutho nge- "Simulation hypothesis". Yini, inami, ingabe i-hypothesis?
I-Rizvan Visk: Ukulingiswa kwe-hypothesis kuyinto efana nalena yanamuhla yemibono ekhona isikhathi esithile esiphila kuwo, kufaka nomhlaba kanye nomhlaba wonke obonakalayo, empeleni umphumela wemodeli yekhompyutha.
Ingacatshangelwa njengomdlalo wevidiyo wokuxazulula ividiyo esiphezulu lapho sonke sibalingiswa. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda lokhu ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesiko laseNtshonalanga yifilimu "matrix", abantu abaningi ababonile. Noma ngabe ababonanga - lokhu kuyinto yamasiko, ngaphezulu kwemboni yamafilimu.
Kule filimu, i-keanu iyaqhubeka noKeanus, odlala umfana, uhlangana nomfana ogama lakhe linguMorpheus, waqamba ngokuthi uNkulunkulu wamaphupho, futhi uMorpheus umnika ukukhetha: Thatha ithebhulethi ebomvu noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma ethatha ithebhulethi ebomvu, uyavuka futhi aqaphele ukuthi impilo yakhe yonke, okubandakanya nomsebenzi, indlu ayephila kuyo, nakho konke kwakuyingxenye yomdlalo oyindida, futhi wavuka emhlabeni onzima.
Le nguqulo esemqoka ye-hypothesis ye-simulation.
Ngabe siphila manje endaweni yonke eyenziwe?
Kunezimfihlakalo eziningi ku-physics ukuthi kulula ukuchaza i-hypothesis yokulingisa kune-hypothesis.
Asizwisisi nje okuningi ngeqiniso lethu, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kunalokho sikuhlobo oluthile lwendawo yonke eyenziwe ngaphandle. Lona umdlalo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu wevidiyo kunemidlalo esiyikhiqizayo, njengoba nje umhlaba we-warters kanye ne-forfutnite eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-PAC-man noma abahlaseli besikhala. Kuthathe amashumi eminyaka amashumi eminyaka ukuqonda ukuthi ungasindisa kanjani izinto ezibonakalayo ngamamodeli we-3D, bese uzibona ngeso lengqondo amandla okukhawulelwa okukhawulelwe, ekugcineni okuholele ekusakazweni kwemidlalo yevidiyo online.
Ngicabanga ukuthi amathuba eqiniso lokuthi siphila ngempela ekulingiseni sikhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukusho lokhu ngokuzethemba okungu-100%, kepha kunobufakazi obuningi obukhombisa kule ndlela.
Lapho uthi emhlabeni wethu kunezici ezingaba nencazelo eyengeziwe, noma ngabe ziyingxenye yokulingisa, usho ukuthini ngempela?
Yebo, kunezici eziningana ezahlukahlukene. Enye yazo iyimfihlakalo, ebizwa ngokuthi ukungaqiniseki kwe-quantum, okungukuthi, umbono wokuthi izinhlayiyana zingenye yezifundazwe eziningana, futhi ngeke uqaphele lapho ukhona kuze kube yilapho ubona le nhlanyene.
Thatha isibonelo esidumile sekati le-Schrödinger, okuyinto, emcabangweni we-Erwin Schrödinger Physics, usebhokisini elinento enemisebe. Amathuba okuthi ikati liyaphila lingama-50%, futhi amathuba okuthi afile nawo angama-50%.
Umqondo ojwayelekile usitshela ukuthi ikati liyaphila noma lifile. Asazi nje ngoba abakabheki ebhokisini, kepha sizoyibona ngokuvula ibhokisi. Kodwa-ke, i-phyfics ye-quantum isitshela ukuthi ikati liphila ngasikhathi sinye, futhi lifile, kuze kube yilapho othile evula ibhokisi futhi angamboni. Umkhathi ubona kuphela lokho okungabonakala.
Ngabe ikati leSchröser lihlangana kanjani nomdlalo wevidiyo noma ukumbumbuluzwa kwekhompyutha?
Umlando we-Video Game Development ukuthuthukisa izinsiza ezinomkhawulo. Uma ubuze umuntu ngawo-1980s, ungakha umdlalo onjengomhlaba weWarters, umdlalo ogcwele okonakala kathathu noma umdlalo engokoqobo engokoqobo, babezophendula: "Cha, lokhu kuzodinga wonke amandla okubandakanya emhlabeni. Asikwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo wonke la maphikseli ngesikhathi sangempela. "
Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela izindlela zokwakheka. Umnyombo wazo zonke lezi zinhlaka "zibona ngeso lengqondo lokho okungabonakala."
Umdlalo wokuqala ophumelelayo wawunguDoom, ethandwa kakhulu ngeminyaka yama-1990s. Kwakungumdubuli womuntu wokuqala, futhi wakwazi ukubona imisebe yokukhanya kuphela nezinto ezibonakala ngokucacile kusuka endaweni yokubuka iChamber ebonakalayo. Le yindlela yokwenza kahle, futhi lokhu kungenye yezinto ezingikhumbuza ngemidlalo yevidiyo emhlabeni wenyama.
Ngizokwenza lokho okuhlale kwenziwa ososayensi lapho befuna ukubonakala behlakaniphile, futhi baphendukela emgomweni we-Okkam. Ingabe i-hypothesis ingathi siphila emhlabeni wenyama enyameni nasegazini, akusekho lula futhi, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka kube yincazelo?
Futhi ngizokwengeza ku-physics edumile kaJohn Wheeler. Ubengomunye wakubo bonke obesebenza no-Albert Einstein kanye nodokotela abaningi abakhulu bekhulu lama-20. Ngokusho kwakhe, ekuqaleni kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-physics ifunda izinto ezibonakalayo ukuthi konke kwehlela izinhlayiya. Lokhu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi imodeli yaseNewtonian. Kepha sabe sesithola i-quantum physics futhi sabona ukuthi yonke into ezungeze - insimu okungenzeka, hhayi izinto ezibonakalayo. Kwakuyigagasi lesibili emsebenzini weWeller.
Igagasi lesithathu emcimbini wakhe kwakungukutholwa okukulesi sisekelo konke okuzungezile imininingwane, konke kusekelwe kuma-bits. Ngakho-ke iWieler yaqhamuka nenhlonipho edumile ebizwa ngokuthi "konke okuncane": okungukuthi, konke esikubheka ngokomzimba, empeleni - umphumela wezingcezwana zolwazi.
Ngakho-ke, ngingasho ukuthi uma umhlaba ungewona ngokomzimba, uma kusekelwe kulwazi, khona-ke incazelo elula ingaba yilokho esikuyo kusatshalaliswa ngesisekelo sekhompyutha yekhompyutha nolwazi.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokufakazela ukuthi siphila ekulingiseni?
Yebo, kunengxabano ephakanyiswe yi-Oxford Pilososher yi-nick bostrom, okufanele iphinde. Uthi uma ingculazi eyodwa ifika ekwakhiweni kwe-simulator enengqondo ephezulu, izokwazi ukudala izigidigidi zempucuko eyenziwe, ngalinye linezigidi zezinto eziphilayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, konke okudingayo kulokhu kungamandla wekhompyutha amaningi.
Ngakho-ke, kuholela engxabano yokuthi amathuba amaningi okuba khona kwesidalwa esilingiswayo kunokwemvelo, ngoba adaliwe ngokushesha futhi adalwe kalula. Ngenxa yalokho, njengoba siyizidalwa ezinengqondo, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi senziwe ngokwengeziwe kunokwemvelo. Lokhu kungukuphikisana kwefilosofi.
Ukube besihlala ohlelweni lwekhompyutha, ngicabanga ukuthi lolu hlelo luzoba nemithetho, futhi le mithetho ingaphulwa noma imiswe ngabantu noma izidalwa ezihlelwe ukumbumbuluzwa. Kepha imithetho yezwe lethu engokwenyama ibonakala inenhle kakhulu. Akusilo yini ukuthi umhlaba wethu awusiwona ukumbumbuluzwa?
Amakhompyutha alandela ngempela imithetho, kepha iqiniso lokuthi imithetho ihlala isetshenziswa, ayiqiniseki futhi ayikuboni iqiniso lokuthi singaba yingxenye yokulingisa kwekhompyutha. Umqondo wokunganqamuleli kwe-computational unasisticless uxhumekile nalokhu, okufundwayo: ukuthola okuthile, akwanele ukumane ukubalanda ku-equation, udinga ukubhekana nazo zonke izinyathelo ukuze uqonde ukuthi umphumela wazo uzoba yini.
Futhi lokhu kuyingxenye yesigaba sezibalo, okubizwa ngokuthi yithiyori yenxushunxushu. Ngabe uyawazi lo mbono wokuthi uvemvane ugwinya amaphiko eChina, futhi lokhu kuholela esiphephweni endaweni ethile kwenye ingxenye yeplanethi? Ukuze uqonde lokhu, udinga ukulingisa isinyathelo ngasinye. Ngokwawo, umuzwa wokuthi eminye imithetho iyasebenza akusho ukuthi asibambi iqhaza ekulingiseni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kungaba ngobunye ubufakazi bokuthi sikumbelele.
Ukube besihlala ekulingisweni okukholisayo okunjalo, njenge- "matrix", ngabe kukhona umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kokulingisa neqiniso? Kungani kubalulekile ekugcineni ekugcineni, okungokoqobo umhlaba wethu noma inkohliso?
Kunezingxabano eziningi ngalesi sihloko. Abanye bethu abafuni ukwazi lutho futhi bancamela ukuthatha "ithebhulethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" ngendlela "kaMatrix".
Cishe umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi singubani kulo mdlalo wevidiyo - abadlali noma izinhlamvu zekhompyutha. Uma owokuqala, lokhu kusho ukuthi simane sidlale umdlalo wevidiyo wempilo engibiza ukumbumbuluzwa okukhulu. Ngicabanga ukuthi iningi lethu lingathanda ukwazi. Sithanda ukwazi amapharamitha womdlalo, lapho abadlala khona, ukukuqonda kangcono, kungcono ukukuhambisa.
Uma sinezinhlamvu ezisetshenzisiwe, lapho-ke, lokhu kuyimpendulo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyethusayo. Umbuzo uthi konke ngabe kukhona yini abalingiswa bamakhompiyutha abalindile, futhi yini inhloso yalokhu kulingisa? Ngicabanga ukuthi abantu abaningi bangathanda ukwazi ukuthi yini esikuyo ku-simulator, baqonde izinhloso zalokhu kulingisa kanye nomlingiswa wakho - manje sesibuyela endabeni enombuso ovela emzileni wezinkanyezi, okuthola ukuthi kukhona umhlaba "Ngaphandle" (ngaphandle kwe-hologram), lapho angakwazi ukuthola khona. Mhlawumbe, kulokhu, abanye bethu bangathanda ukuba balazi iqiniso.
Sisondele kangakanani ukuba namathuba obuchwepheshe wokwenza umhlaba wokufakelwa, ongokoqobo futhi ongabonakali, njenge- "matrix"?
Ngichaza izigaba eziyi-10 zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe okufanele badlule kuzo ukufeza lokho engikubiza ngephuzu lokulingisa, okungukuthi, iphuzu lapho singakha khona ukumbumbuluzwa okunjalo nge-hyperalic. Sicishe sibe sesigabeni sesihlanu, esiphathelene namaqiniso angokoqobo futhi angokoqobo. Esigabeni sesithupha sokufunda ukubona ngeso lengqondo konke lokhu ngaphandle kokugqoka izibuko, futhi iqiniso lokuthi amaphrinta we-3D manje angaphrinta amaphikseli anezici ezintathu, asikhombisa ukuthi iningi lezinto lingavunyelwa imininingwane.
Kepha empeleni yingxenye enzima - futhi yilokhu kwezobuchwepheshe okushoyo kakhulu, - Kuphathelene ne- "Matrix". Yize kunjalo, kwabonakala kunamaqhawe ayecwiliswa ngokuphelele emhlabeni, ngoba babenentambo, baya emagxolweni ebuchoshe, futhi yilokho okwakudluliselwe uphawu. I-interface "brain-computer" yindawo lapho esingakaze siyithole inqubekela phambili enkulu, okungenani inqubo. Sisezigabeni zokuqala.
Ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka noma iminyaka eyi-100 sizofinyelela iphuzu lokulingisa.