Yiziphi izifundazwe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene ezazinenhlonhlo? Lokho akuyona zonke izinhlobo zezizwe ezike zabona hhayi inhlonhlo yeCrimea, kepha amabhizinisi wombuso nazo zonke izimfanelo zoMbuso. Futhi kuphela kungenzeka ukuthola - futhi uyini umlando weCrimea, futhi imaphi amalungelo angenza amanye amazwe noma amanye amazwe kuwo.
Ngakho-ke, umlando we- "State" weCrimea uqala ngeGrisi yasendulo. Empeleni, enye iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ngaphambi kwamaGrikhi asendulo ngesikhathi sePaleithi, kodwa, ngenxa yokuthi bonke bashabalala, bazifunela.
Ngakho-ke hlobo luni lwamazwe ezikhathini ezahlukene eCrimea?
AmaGrikhi avele eCrimea, bakha amakoloni abo ezifundeni zolwandle bePeninsula futhi basungula amadolobha anjenge-patapey (Kerch) ne-Cheanteapey (Kerch) kanye ne-Cheanteapey (Kerch) kanye ne-Cheakele. Kuliqiniso, wonke la maGrikhi avela emazweni ahlukene amaGrikhi, kodwa, kepha, azange afike kuwo amazwe, futhi lokhu kusho ubunikazi bawo masipala, hhayi nje ukuzikhethela okuthile.
Ngalezo zinsuku, amaSkithe ayehlala engxenyeni yeCrimea, eyayingenayo, futhi yayingaba nayo, futhi yayihlangana namaGreeks emkhakheni wezohwebo, ngezikhathi ezithile, noma kunjalo, ukuxazulula zonke izinhlobo zezingxabano zezingalo.
Kungekudala "amaGrikhi" amakoloni anqume ukuhlukana nedolobha lawo futhi asungula izifundazwe ezimbili eCrimea - ezimele ngokwezepolitiki kanye nakwezomnotho ezizimele. Owokuqala wabizwa ngokuthi uChersonuse Tauride futhi wawusentshonalanga yeCrimea, owesibili - uBosmorus Kimmeryssky, engxenyeni esempumalanga yeCrimea, kubandakanya nezifunda zaseNtshonalanga ze-Krasnodar Territory (ngesizathu sanamuhla, ama-Ukraine anamuhla athi) . Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi amaScythians aseCrimean (angadideki ngezwekazi "lasendle" "amaSkiti!) Ngaphansi kwethonya lamaGreeks, lashesha ngokushesha futhi lasungula okuthile okufana noMbuso enyakatho yeCrimea (Tsarist Scythia ) ngenhloko-dolobha eNaples (ngaphansi kweSimferopol yamanje).
Kodwa-ke, ekugcineni kwekhulu lokuqala BC. e. AmaRoma afika eCrimea futhi ahlangana naye eMbusweni WaseRoma kanye nalo lonke izwe elalikhona lapho. Bahlele kule ndawo eqhakaza esisekelweni saseMedithera semikhumbi yabo yaseMpumalanga futhi bethule imisebenzi esebenzayo. Ikakhulu, bakha imigwaqo emihle futhi bakha idolobha lase-Alupka (endaweni yase-Alupka), nokho, kwakubhekwa njengenkambi yamasosha, futhi empeleni wayeyinqaba, izinsalela zazo ezilondolozwe kahle. Namuhla. Futhi kumaRoma wakamuva eCrimea, ubuKristu busakazeka kabanzi.
Ngemuva kokuwohloka koMbuso WaseRoma eCrimea kwahlasela zonke izinhlobo zamaGoths nabantu, kodwa kungekudala kakhulu - iminyaka eyi-100 - iCrimea iqala ukwehlisa umbuso we-yzantine. AmaGreeks aseByzantine, amaGrikhi eByzantine aqala ukukhipha izindlu ezivela ezindaweni ezanqotshwa yibo futhi akhe amadolobha eqinisweni lokuthi lakhiwa amaGrikhi anasendulo. Ngakho-ke, emadolobheni amasha ekhulu lesi-6 avela - UGurzuf, eSudak nabanye abanye.
Kodwa-ke, amaByzantines awanaso isikhathi sokuthwebula iCrimea, ngoba abeseBulgaria bavela enyakatho, ababevele bevela eVolga, futhi baqala ukwakha i-Turkic Kagate ye-Royal Scythian, lapho, lapho bethatha indawo I-Bulgaria Khazara, yaphenduka iKhazar Kaganat. Ngakho-ke, ubuKristu bubuse ingxenye eningizimu yeCrimea, kepha ubuJuda balethwa eCrimea.
Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kwe-II, iMillenium, inkathi yethu eCrimea kwakukhona ushintsho olukhulu. Ngekhulu le-10, abantu baseRussia baba nentshisekelo kulezi peninsula, bangena kuyo, banqoba iKhazar Kaganat, bavumele amaPentantapes, lapho ngaleso sikhathi bebebizwa ngokuthi iBoskorus), bese kuba khona nje. Embusweni wangaphambili waseBospian, bakha i-Tmutararani Emvalelo kuncike eKiev, kanti uChersonese wabuyiselwa emuva eByzantine ngesimo sokuhambisana nokwethembeka kweByzantium kuya eKeevin kuya eKeevin kuya eKeevin kuya eKievin Rus. Ngeke sikhohlwe ukuthi isikhulu uVladimir sabhapathizwa eChersoyese, lapho ayekhona "uSvetoka" inkolo entsha kuwo wonke amaRussia. Kepha empumalanga yeCrimea, amaRussia ahlala kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-X, lapho uKerch ephinda athatha ama-bherzantines, wabe esemtholela iMedithera, wanika iMedithera ukuthi aphume kahle emgwaqweni omkhulu wesilika.
Cishe ngekhulu le-XII, ukuwohloka okuyingxenye koMbuso WaseByzantine kwaqala, futhi ingxenye esempumalanga yeCrimea yathumba amaVenetia, kwabe sekugwazwa ama-geniese, aqala ubunikazi bawo boMbuso oseningizimu ogwini oluseningizimu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwamiswa isimo sase-Orthodox engxenyeni esentshonalanga yePeninsula ngenhloko-dolobha eMangel (inqaba yalezo zikhathi yalezo zikhathi yagcinwa lapho. Yonke ingxenye esenyakatho yathumba amaMongol afika eRussia, okubandakanya naseqenjini legolide.
Zonke ezinye izindawo zombuso nezombuso (zamakoloni) ziye zaba khona ngesimo sazo sokuqala kuze kube ngu-1475, lapho, ngemuva kokuthwebula iConstantinople, ama-OTTOMANS awazange afike eCrimea futhi akazange axoshe bonke ababusi kuyo. Enyakatho basungula ama-Allies of the Khanate Crimease "ahlanganiswe" kumaSulumane, futhi wonke amazwe aseningizimu afakiwe eMbusweni osanda kwakhiwa wase-Ottoman.
Umlando oqhubekayo "wombuso" weCrimea waziwa kahle. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, amaRussia akhishelwa eCrimea of Turks, aqede zonke izinto zawo zamakoloni eCrimea, aqeda ne-Crimean Khanate. ICrimea yaba ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka ukuba libe yingxenye yoMbuso WaseRussia, wabe esehamba "ngefa" e-USSR, wabe eseya e-Ukraine, futhi namhlanje kungokwamaRussia Federation.
Ekuphetheni, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi phakathi neNkulungwane eCrimea bekukhona zonke izinhlobo zazo zonke izinhlobo zabantu, futhi cishe ziqondise inzalo yazo izimiso eziningana zasungula amaqembu ambalwa amakhulu ahlala kule peninsula manje. Amaqembu e-monolithic amaningi amaRussia, amaGrikhi nama-Armenia yiyona iningi le-monolith, kepha amaTatar amele ingxubevange ye-Hello yezizwe ehlala ngisho nalezo zingxenye ze-Eurasia, azikwamukeli. Mhlawumbe ukuphela kwabantu bomdabu baseCrimea bekubizwa ngokuthi ama-Neanderthals avela eCrimea phambi kwabo bonke. Kepha ubani ozokwazi ukubathola manje?
UMLAYEZO Yiziphi izikhathi ezikhathini ezihlukile ezaziseCrimea? Kuvele okokuqala e-Arkady IlyeKhin.