Namuhla, i-maur ibizwa ngeMauritans futhi ingelinye labantu base-Afrika. Ziyahlalwa yiRussic Republic of Mauritania, etholakala ezweni elingokomlando leMoors. Lokhu kungubantu abathandekayo abangama-Arabhu, okuhluke kakhulu komakhelwane babo, ngoba okhokho baseMauriti babeyizizwe ezinamasosha eBerber.
Namuhla, inani lezakhamizi zaseMauritania lifinyelela kubantu abayizigidi ezintathu, futhi bonke bangabagcini besiko lasendulo, elidlule indlela enzima yokuboleka nokuxuba namanye izinhlanga. Ukwakheka kwabantu baseMoorish kwakufanekisela inqubo ende, kepha namuhla abamele bayaziqhenya ngesimo sabo esidlule. Yini engasitshela izindaba zalezi zizwe? Kungani abaseMaurigi banamuhla beMauriti benezici ezijwayelekile kangaka nokhokho babo - ama-Beberber?
Ukuvela kwama-maurigia
AmaMauritan abhekwa njengenzalo yezizwe ze-berber zeGethulov neSanthaji. Ekuqaleni, insimu yaseMauritania yahlala emiphakathini yasendulo yama-Aborigine, kepha ukusatshalaliswa kabusha okuphezulu kwabanqobi be-Berber, okwenzeke eMillennium BC, kwakuyisizathu sokucindezela izakhamizi zasendaweni.
Ngenxa yobudlelwano bezohwebo namakoloni amaRoma e-Afrika, amadlozi bamaMauriti abekwazi ukuqinisa impahla yawo. Ukuhlanganiswa njalo nezizwe ezingezona ezonakele zasendaweni, amaza ambalwa okufuduka adale ukuvela kwabantu abasha baseMauritania.
Abantu baseMauritania bachitha iningi lokuphila kwakhe bafuna amadlelo ngenxa yemfuyo yabo, baphakamise amahhashi. Lababantu baguqulwa ukuze basinde ezimweni ezinzima, ogwadule futhi uma kwenzeka kunesimo sezulu esibi. Ngokubona kwami, bekuwukuqina okunjalo okuthi ama-mauritanian abaphikisi ababi kubo bonke ababa sendleleni yokunqoba kwabo.
Mauri - amaqhawe amakhulu
UMauri ngaphandle kwehaba kwakukhona amaqhawe amahle kakhulu. Nabo namaNumidi babemele ama-caraliers amahle kakhulu emhlabeni wakudala. Izazi-mlando zasendulo zaphawula ukuthi ukuvela kwamahhashi ama-mauritiya (nokho, njengoba abagibeli uqobo) bebengemnandi impela, kodwa lo mbono uphenduke umkhomputhe lapho bengena empini. Umkhuzi wamasosha waseByzantine uSolomoni wachaza abaphikisi bakhe baseMoorish:
"Iningi lezinhloso zabo, nalezo ezinezivikelo zibabambe phambi kwazo, zimfushane futhi zenziwe kabi, ezingenakuxoshwa kumakhophi nasemicingweni."Incazelo efanayo iqinisekiswe izithombe kwikholamu ye-trayan. Amasosha aseMoorish aboniswa kuwo ngaphandle kwempi, amahhashi awo anamandla, futhi izihlangu eziyindilinga kuphela ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo.
Naphezu kwezikhali ezinjalo zakudala, amaMauritan ayengaphansi emaqhawe amandla amakhulu abantu basendulo, ngisho namaRoma. Kodwa-ke, abantu baseMauritania babenamaqhinga abo nobuciko bokulwa. Isikhali esibi ezandleni zeMauritan sasiyidada, okuyinsimbi enobuhlakani esitha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amabhande akhethekile.
Cishe njalo abesifazane nezingane bahamba nebutho laseMoorish. Ukuchazwa kwalokhu kwakuyindlela yokuphila yokuziphatha okuhle, ngoba amadoda awakwazanga ukushiya imindeni yawo ngaphandle kokuvikelwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesifazane baseMauritanki bebengazinikanga izizwe zabo zobulili obunamandla. UBishop Kyreni Sinisey ngo-411 wabona umbukiso owengeziwe:
"Ngababona (Mauritanki) bondla izingane zabo, bancipha ngasikhathi sinye basingatha izinkemba."
Isifunda sama-Arabhu
Imikhankaso yamasosha yaseMauritan yathatha amakhulu eminyaka ambalwa, yandisa ubunikazi bama-omads. Ngekhulu le-X, abantu bakha isimo sabo, baqanjwa ngombuso we-almoravid. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaSulumiyana we-Universal eqala, futhi inkolo entsha iyalahla amasiko angaphambilini.
Ngekhulu le-XIV, izizwe zase-Arabia zihlasela indawo yeMauritania, eletha amasiko amasha nendlela yokuphila. Kuqala ukuxabana kwezakhamizi zasendaweni nabanqobi, kepha okwenzeka kube namandla.
Ingxenye yezizwe ze-berber yaphoqeleka ukuba ibuyele emuva, ingxenye yahlanganiswa nomfokazi. Umphumela uba ukwakhiwa okuphelele kwalawa ma-mauritania, naseMauritans wanamuhla kunegazi eliningi le-Arabhu kune-Berber. Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, isisekelo sokuvela kwabantu sasingama-beberber.
Umphakathi waseMoorish
Ngesikhathi sombuso, abaseMauriti bangukwakhiwa komphakathi. UHeyana waba ungqimba oluphezulu kakhulu, futhi uMarabulati waba esigabeni esingezansi. Ukuzalela nge-marabet kwakuyilungelo le-khasanov eningi. Kodwa-ke, iningi labantu baseMauritania kwakuyi-XENAG, inzalo ye-Berber neNegro Yezizwe ZamaNegro.
Esikhathini sethu, izimiso ze-Islam zaba isisekelo sokuziphatha kwabaseMauriti. Noma kunjalo, abahambi baphawula ukuthi eMauritania, abesifazane bazizwa bakhululeka kakhulu kunasemazweni amaningi ama-Arab. Kuvunyelwe ukuhanjiswa kwisehlukaniso (esimweni sokuziqhenya ngembangela), sishade ngesisombululo sabo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abesifazane baseMoorish bazibeka ezwe lase-Arab, izixhumanisi zemindeni yabo nezimiso zokuphila zihlala ziseduze.
Empilweni yansuku zonke, amaMauritan asebenzisa ulimi lwaseMoorish, olungolimi lwama-Arabhu. Ingxenye ebalulekile yabantu baseMauritania isazi kahle isiFulentshi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isikhathi eside iMauritania kwakukhona ikoloni laseFrance, elalibonakala emasikweni namanye amasiko ama-moors anamuhla.
Kubantu abaningi, amaMauritan ahlala engomunye wabantu abangaqondakali kakhulu, ababenomthelela omkhulu emlandweni weSpain nasePortugal. Izazi zezilimi ziphawula ukuthi ulimi lwe-mavrov luyinkimbinkimbi impela ocwaningweni, kepha lokhu akuyeki labo abanesifiso esikhulu eMauritania nasendaba yakhe. Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi laba bantu bazokwazi ukuvula okuthile okusha futhi, ngokungangabazeki, okumangalisayo, okumangazayo ezizukulwaneni zaseBerber nama-Arabhu - amaMauritans.