Abatshalizimali abaningi bazibuza ukuthi yiziphi izibopho zokuthenga manje. Imakethe yebhondi ibukeka kahle kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa namanani asebhange kuma-deposits. Ngempela, ngezokuphepha ungathola okuningi, kepha kulokhu udinga ukumane uthole izinkampani ezithile.
I-Bond Market: Ingozi ngokumelene nenzuzo
Eqinisweni impendulo enembile, yiziphi izibopho ezinenzuzo enkulu, akukho. Ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuyithatha, ukuhlela lolu hlobo lwezokuphepha, ngokwesibonelo, ngokubuyela ekuvuthweni, bese unquma ukuthi lokhu "kuphezulu" - okungcono kakhulu, kusho ukuthi akufanele bawathenge.Emakethe yebhondi, usongo olukhulu kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umtshalizimali okhipha okuzenzakalelayo, okungukuthi, isimo lapho okweletayo kungakwazi ukukhokha khona. Kulokhu, izibopho noma zilahlekelwe yizo zonke izindleko, noma zokwehla kabusha, ngenxa yokuthi amaphesenti avela ukuba abe ngu-zero, futhi ukuvuthwa cishe akunamkhawulo. Ukuthi ekugcineni akukuhle kakhulu kunokuqothuka okugcwele kwe-Weeler ...
Ngokwesilinganiso sokwethenjwa, izibopho zakhiwa ngale ndlela elandelayo. Isimanga esithile sokuthembela, uhlobo lwesethenjwa, isiko lesiko lokubizwa ngamabhondi kahulumeni wesikhashana. Vele, abaningi bazokondla, futhi babize nenani lesikweletu seMelika. Kodwa-ke, ukuphendula, ihlaya, elivezwe ngu-Alane Greenspan, owayeyikhanda leFederal Reserve System, "lingalethwa kulokhu," esimweni esibi kakhulu, bayomane banyathelisela. "
Okulandelayo kuza abanye abakhipha amagama, amazwe athuthukile. Kubo izinkampani ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu, ezivela kulabo futhi bahlukaniselana iminyaka engama-25-50, yize zingadingeki. Ngemuva kwalokho wonke umuntu, ngesilinganiso asitshaliswa imali ngokuphelele, kodwa kunalokho eqondakalayo. Vala uhlu olushibhile lwamaRatricond Bonds, lezo ongathola khona okuningi uma umtshalizimali enenhlanhla, kanti okhipha uzokhokha.
Lesi sithombe nasemakethe yamabhondi yaseRussia kubukeka kahle. Kukhona amaphepha e-z. Ke uMasipala. Ziyahlukahluka ku-Federal impela. Ngempela, akunakwenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, i-Moscow noma iSt. Petersburg izomenyezelwa ngokuqothuka. Kuyiqiniso, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uMnyango Wezezimali ngenxa yabo uzokhokha isikweletu sabanikazi bezokuphepha.
Izinkampani ezinkulu kunazo zonke zilandelwa ngaphansi kwezinga lokuthembela, ezihlobene noMbuso, njengeRosneft, iTransneft, GazPROM, NBERBANC, njalonjalo. Ngemuva kwalokho izinkampani ezinkulu ezizimele, njengokuLakoil, eSurlutneftegaz nabanye.
Futhi ekugcineni kohlu - izinkampani ezincane nje ezingene emakethe, ukuthengisa amabhondi, ukuthatha imali emisebenzini yazo eshibhile kunebhange elibanikeza.
Yini enye esongela umtshalizimali
Ngaphezu kwethuba lokuzenzakalelayo, elingavumeli abatshalizimali ukuba balale ngokuthula, kusongelwa izinsongo ezincane, ezingabalulekanga kangako njengokuqwasha okukhanyayo. Kuyo yonke imali, abaphuncini, kepha bangathatha isabelo sabo banqunywe. Kuzoba maqondana nokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokudla.
Abatshalizimali batshala imali imali, njengomthetho, hhayi othandweni lobuciko, kodwa ukuze bathole. Phindaphinda lokho kwasekuqaleni. Ukusuka endaweni yokubukwa komnotho kunencazelo elula kakhulu kulokhu. Umuntu uyavuma ukuthi angasebenzisi imali othandekayo wakhe manje, futhi uzobe esekulungele ukulinda isikhashana, futhi ngenxa yalokho ulindele ukuthola isinxephezelo esithile njengephesenti.
Kodwa-ke, ngokoqobo, hhayi imali enikezwe kuphela ukukhula okungeziwe, khulisa amaphesenti. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwehla kwamandla emali kufana. Futhi okungathengwa kuqala njengenye indlela yokutshala imali kumabhondi afanayo, kuyabiza kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, imali etholwe yi-deposits noma amabhondi incitshelwa yilawa maphesenti amaningi abhekwayo ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Ake sizame ukufanekisa lokhu ngokwesibonelo. Ake sithi umtshalizimali unama-ruble ayinkulungwane. Futhi unesinqumo, noma ngabe ubeka imali ebhange ngaphansi kwamaphesenti amane noma uthenge isibopho ngesivuno sika-6%. Kubukeka kulula kakhulu, isibopho sinenzuzo enkulu, futhi. Kepha yinzuzoni ethola umtshalizimali uma ukwehla kwamandla emali kungu-5%, ngeke siphikisane ngezibalo, ake sithi izinga lokunyuka kwamanani yilona izinkokhelo zokukhokha ziku-Julayi ngoJulayi.
Igalelo ebhange elinenzuzo engezansi kwe-inflation Izinga ngokwesisekelo alikuhle. Uma inani lediphozithi lingu-4%, futhi ukwehla kwamandla emali kungu-5%, khona-ke umphumela uzoba ukulahleka kwe-4 minus 5 elilingana namaphesenti ayi-1.
Kepha ukutshalwa kwezimali ngamabhondi kusanda kuletha imali engu-6% minus 5% isizonke 1% isikhathi. Akukubi? Kunoma ikuphi, kungenzeka ukuthi kungcono yini ukuba uhlale ngamabomu?
Sicela ukhululwe ngokuphila. Kunama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 ongathenga imoto. Noma kunenye indlela - ukuthenga amabhondi ngesivuno esingu-5%, nangemuva kwesondo lemoto entsha ukuze uhlale unyaka nonyaka. Futhi ngonyaka olandelayo, umtshalizimali uthola izinkulungwane ezingama-50 ezafika emaphepheni akhe ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500, azicime ezanelweni futhi ajabule. Use-plus, uma umshini ukhetha ukuthi ubiza kakhulu njengawonyaka owedlule. Futhi uma kungenjalo? ..
Ingozi nesikhathi
Kuhamba ngaphandle kokuthi, ingozi yokuthi okuthile kuzokwenzeka ngenyanga ezayo futhi kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi kuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, amabhondi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesikhathi esisele cishe avule kakhulu kunokuphepha kwesikhashana nje kwabakhiphi abafanayo.Vele, ayikho imithetho ngaphandle kokuhlukile. Ake sithi kukhona ukushoda kwemali yamahhala emakethe, ngoba, ngokwesibonelo, unyaka wezimali waya ekugcineni, futhi wonke umuntu wayedinga ukulinganisa ngokuphuthumayo ngentela. Vele, izimo ezinjalo zokwephulwa komthetho ojwayelekile wochwepheshe bemakethe bayakujabulela ukubamba futhi bazithole, bathole inzuzo eyengeziwe yokuhweba.
Ukutheliswa
Ngokusho kwezokuphepha kombuso, intela emholweni ngamunye ayikhokhiswa. Kepha ngokwezibopho zezinkampani ezizimele kuzofanela zizikhokhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwanoma yimaphi amathuluzi aqokwe ngemali yakwamanye amazwe nawo azophinda aqhubeke.
Lesi sici kumele sibhekwe ngokuqhathanisa izibopho zabakhiphi abahlukahlukene. Uma isivuno ku-ONZ futhi ezinkampanini zamaphepha ziyalingana, lokhu akusho ukuthi owokuqala uvikelwe yimakethe, kanti owesibili ugcwele kakhulu. Konke kumayelana nentela engenayo noma inzuzo.
Ungathola malini kuma-bond
Amabhondi eRussia kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2021 afakwe kuncishiswe inzuzo ngokwesilinganiso mayelana nale ndlela. Ake siqale ngezokuphepha kukahulumeni. Federal cishe ngo-6-6,5% ngonyaka. UMasipala - Karelia, isifunda esiKursk, nokunye ,2-6.7%.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu zezimpahla ezihlotshaniswa nombuso nezinye izicelo ezinkulu kakhulu: i-rosneft 6.9-7.5%. I-Rushydro 4.3%, i-MTS - 6.5-7% nabanye.
Esiqongweni senzuzo - izibopho zezinhlangano ze-microfinance: online microfinance 13.5-14.5%, imoto mania 10.5-14.5%.
Yini amabhondi anenzuzo ukuthenga manje
Ngakho-ke yimaphi amabhondi anenzuzo kakhulu ukuthenga manje? Uma ubheka kuqala, izinkampani ezincane zikhokha ngaphezulu. Umbuzo kuphela ukuthi yini. Intengo yephesenti eliphakeme ihlala ingumuntu - ubungozi. Ku-2021, isibikezelo se-inflation singamaphesenti ama-3.5.
Eqinisweni, lokhu akuyona idijithi ebukelwa phansi, ukuthi kungabonakala kanjani. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, hhayi inkomba yesimo esihle somnotho. Ukwehla kwamandla emali kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwesidingo. Abantu nezinkampani abanawo imali eningi, ekhawulela isidingo sezimpahla noma ngezinsizakalo futhi bavimbela ukukhuphuka kwabo ngentengo.
Ngakho-ke, umtshalizimali angazikhethela izibopho ezifanele, ezenza, akhulume, akhulume, isilinganiso "esikhwameni se-inflation. Ngaphansi kwaleli phesenti lendawo ayinangqondo. Konke lokho okungenhla - kungakhethwa ukuthi okukhipha kubonakale kwanele ngokwengozi. Futhi sinenqubo ehlukile yabo bonke.
Ngakho-ke, namuhla umtshalizimali angabheka lezi zinketho ezilandelayo zokuthenga izibopho. Isivuno sisebenza kusukela ngoFebhuwari 22, 2021.
Ukuphepha kukaHulumeni: I-OFZ PD 26209, Usuku Lokubuyisela Usuku 07/20/2022, Khipha i-4.47%, udedeli udethi we-46.01.2022, uthele usuku lokukhokha 25.01.2023, uthele usuku lokukhokha u-25.01.2023, uthele i-4.59%.
Amabhondi kaMasipala: I-Karachay-Cherkess Republic 35001, usuku lokukhokha 18.12.2024, uthele u-6.82%, uthele usuku lokukhokha u-34006, u-TomSK Administrative District, uthele u-6.65%.
Amabhondi ezinkampani: I-SBERBANK-001-12r, Usuku Lokubuyisela emuva 02.22.2022, Khiqiza u-5.08%, i-GAZPROM NEFTSHENT 17.10.022, Usuku Lokubuyisela i-Magnet-003r-01.02.2022, uthele ama-5.32%.
Futhi ekugcineni, amaningana amaningana amabombo azuzisayo. Ngokuphawula okuphoqelekile ukuthi emhlabeni wezimali zesivuno esiphakeme, kukhuphuka ubungozi.
I-Solid Leasing-Bo-001R-06, Usuku Lokubuyisela emuva 20.12.2022, Khiqiza 13.41%, Usuku Lokubuyisela imali 13.12.2022, Usuku lokukhokha imali-001R01, Usuku Lokubuyisela Esibonelweni 10.10.2023, VULA 8.28 %.