Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kusukela ekubhaleni okuvela njalo, abantu babenesifiso sezimpi, indlela impi idlula ngayo. Uma ucabanga ngokunengqondo, noma "iliad" akulutho ngaphandle kwendaba yebandla amaGreeks ogwini lwaseMalaya Asia. Yini esiyaziyo ngomlando wobudlova bempi?
Esikhathini sezimpi zeNapoleonic, kwesinye isikhathi izikhulu zathumela izincwadi ezivela enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, echaze ukuthi kwenzakalani ezimpini. Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlamvu ezinjalo nazo zivele emaphephandabeni, yize amaphephandaba ebinyatheliswa kaningi yimiyalezo esemthethweni kahulumeni.
Umbhali wokuqala wamasosha ubizwa ngokuthi uWilliam Howard Russell (1820-1900). Wayengumbhali wephephandaba laseLondon "Times". Wayesebenza eLondon, nase-Ireland. Kukhanyiselwe ukungqubuzana phakathi kweJalimane neDenmark ngenxa yeSchleswig Goldstein ngo-1850.
Futhi ngo-1854 wathunyelwa yiBhodi Yezindawo ukumboza inkambo yempi yaseCrimea - eCrimea. Ngithumele imibiko evela endaweni yokulwa nayo ephephandabeni. Ekuzameni kwabanye ojenene, ngokufa, emanxebeni, ngokuhlinzekwa kabi ngokweqile kanye nokuxhaswa kwezokwelapha okulimazayo kwabalimele.
Kungenxa yezihloko zakhe ukulahlekelwa okwesabekayo kwaziwa, kwatholwa yiBritish ekuhlaselweni kwezikhundla zezinsikazi zamabutho aseRussia ngaphansi kweBalaklava. Nguyena ongavumeli ukufihla ubhubhane lwekholera, ukuba nokuqina okulwa namasosha esiNgisi. Kungenxa yezinto zakhe zePhalamende ezazifeza izicelo ezisemthethweni, zigxeka izenzo nohulumeni wesikhonziso uqobo.
Ngenxa yalokho, wahoxiswa endaweni yokulwa ngezizathu zezepolitiki. Emva kwalokho, wasikhanyisela ukucindezelwa kokuvukelwa kukaSipyev eNdiya, khona-ke inkambo yempi ngesikhathi sempi yombango yase-US.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Berg Photo: Ru.wikipedia.orgKusuka ohlangothini lwaseRussia, impi ye-Crimean ichaze uNikolai Vasilyevich Berg, umbhali wephephabhuku elitholakale elitholwe "Moskvatikan". Wathunyelwa esuka kulo magazini waya empini futhi wabhalwa eSevastopol endlunkulu yegumbi lomkhuzi - inhloko njengomhumushi. Ngichaze inkambo yezobutha futhi ngabamba iqhaza ezimpini. Ngemuva kokuthi iMpi yaseCrimea yathunyelwa eCaucasus, lapho amboza khona ukuphela kwebutho kanye nokuthwebula iShamil.
Ngokwemiphumela yomsebenzi wabahambelani bokuqala zamasosha, abahleli, uqiniseke ukuthi lezi zihloko ezithunyelwe zivela empini yamanje ebuhlungu kakhulu ukukhulisa ukusakazwa kwamaphephandaba, waqala ukubala izintatheli zazo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezishisayo.
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe kwakuwumbhalo wezempi noWinston Churchill. Njengombhali wephephandaba i-Daily Graphic Daily Daily, wathunyelwa eCuba, lapho "khona" umbuso wezwe "wamaCuba ngokumelene nobukhosi baseSpain.
Empini ye-Anglo-Borsk, wathunyelwa ngeposi lasekuseni ehambelana nalo. Lapha akazange abhale ama-athikili kuphela, kodwa futhi wahlanganyela ezikhungweni, wathumba emafulethini, wabekwa ekamu leziboshwa zempi, wabaleka, wakwazi ukushiya amakhilogremu angama-25) futhi wathola eNgilandi nge-mozambique yasePortugal. I-adventure yakwenza kwaduma kakhulu, okwamvumela ngokushesha ngemuva kwempi ukuqala umsebenzi wezepolitiki.
Kusukela ngekhulu lama-20, izingxoxo zamasosha ziqokomisa zonke izimpi. EPort Arthur ngo-1905, uNemirovich-Dachenko wathunyelwa ngumbhali wezempi. Cha, hhayi uMdali wethiyetha lobuciko, nomfowabo omdala, uVasily Ivanovich Nemirovich-Dachenko.
Empini ngayinye, eqala ngama-Russian-Japan 1905, amaqembu alwayo kanye namaqembu angathathi hlangothi azobe ethumela amasosha athumela izinto zokubulala ngenxa yamaphephandaba abo nomagazini.
Esikhathini sempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, amakhulu ezintatheli asebenza njengababhali bezempi. Abaningi babo bashonile ezindaweni eziningi zonyaka wokuqala nowesibili wempi. Ababhali abaningi - i-Ilya erenburg, uMikhail Sholokhov, u-Arkady Gaikar - ekuqaleni kwempi bafika amavolontiya empini.
Izintatheli eziningi kakhulu zabaqalayo, ababhali, izimbongi zathola indawo yazo empilweni kuleyo mpi. U-Alexander Trifonovich TVardovsky waba yimbongi ethandwayo ngokubonga "vasily terekina" eyabhalwa nguye. Izwe lonke lalilinde ukukhishwa komagazini olandelayo wephephandaba ngokuthi "inkanyezi ebomvu", ngoba kwakukhona ingxenye ethile yezihloko eziboshwe ngaphambili nguConstantine Simonov, noma kungaba yinkondlo yakhe entsha.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, izithombe zamasosha nezinhlangano zefilimu ziyavela, zathumela izithombe kanye nama-Filmports avela emaphambili. Ubuqambi babo base bedlula ngesihlungo sokucwaninga kwamasosha, ukuze ophikisana naye akwazi ukuthola imininingwane engadingekile, futhi imiphumela isasetshenziswa - futhi njengobufakazi bempi, nakumafilimu obuciko ngakho.
Amakhulu amaningi ezintatheli kanye nezithombe ezasebenza emaphephandabeni amasosha, echaza izinkamba zabalwa kanye nezinduna.
Ukusuka eMoscow kuya eBrect ayikho indawo enjalo lapho singazulazula khona othulini. Ngokunisela no-notepad, bese kuthi ngesibhamu somshini ngomlilo futhi sadlula. (K. Simonov, "Izingoma Zempi Yezempi")
Ngena endaweni esencudd, lapho kwenzeka khona okuthile okubalulekile, chaza, futhi kungenzeka, futhi, bese uthatha ingxenye yempi - ukuyokhipha ngokushesha i-athikili futhi uthumele ngokushesha ifektri, noma uthumele kakhulu Ngokushesha emuva ngezinto zokwakha ezivuthayo ehhovisi lokuhlela ukuze i-athikili mayelana nezimpi zanamuhla isivele ikwiphephandaba.
UKonstantin Simonov uchaze lo msebenzi wokulwa enkondlweni "Ingoma yentatheli ye-merry"
Ngokuthathwa kwebhulohohead ukuthi kuphela lapho kuphela, waqala wabona umkhuzi ngehora lehora. Kwakunomshayeli wendiza ekugwemeni impikiswano, okujwayelekile kakhulu kwakunendiza. Kepha basuka ngaphandle kokubambezeleka ngakusasa ekuseni, njengoba kwenzeka njalo, 'izvestia', futhi 'kuyiqiniso', kanye 'nenkanyezi ebomvu'.
Umsebenzi wabo ubuyingozi kakhulu, amakhulukhulu ezindaba afa, enza umsebenzi wokuhlela -
Ngaphansi kwesitolo, ngoJulayi, ngesimo somhlonyane, esikhaleni se-steppe, wawa, inhlamvu yokulwa, intatheli ejabule. Incwajana kanye 'nosuku lokunisela uSuku' eMoscow, ngokucindezela izinyembezi, ukuqubuka kwakhe eningizimu kwaletha umhleli.Kwakunesikhathi, amathuluzi okubeletha izintatheli ezempi ashintsha, kepha umsebenzi wawo uhlala eyingozi kakhulu.
Usuqala kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ngaphezu kwezimpi ezejwayelekile, kwavela izimpi zolwazi, lapho izintatheli zazidlala indima ebalulekile. Izimpi zolwazi zenziwa esikhathini sethu. Izintatheli kuphela eziye zacindezela kakhulu abahlinzeki bokuqukethwe kanye nochwepheshe ekusebenzeni isithombe, umsindo kanye nevidiyo.
Impi eVietnam yayiyimpi yokuqala "yempi egumbini lokuhlala" (impi ehlala egumbini), izinto zokwenza izinto zazingafuya iVietnam ekuhambeni. Ngokuhamba kobutha, ehambisana nokucutshungulwa kwemininingwane yabantu bawo, kwavela ukuthi imibukiso eyethusayo yempi yempi inomthelela omubi ngombono womphakathi.
Abaholi bezezifundazwe bacabanga ngokubaluleka kwezimpi ngokusekelwa ngolwazi futhi baqala ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokwenza izimpi "ngendlela entsha" - ngesikhathi sezingxabano eziningi ezenzeka emhlabeni wonke. Mhlawumbe, kungekudala ngokwemibiko, abezindaba ngeke bakwazi ngokuphelele ukuqonda okwenzekayo empini elandelayo yendawo.
Umbhali - Igor Vadimov
Umthombo - Springzhizni.ru.