Ngonyaka odlule, ososayensi base-HSE noSemous State University bashicilele isifundo sendlela izifunda ezivela ku-2010 bachitha imali ngo-2010 kuya ku-2017. Ukuthi isiketi ngo-2020, umbuso wokuzifaka, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakalo zokuhambisa izincwadi, ukulethwa kanye nokusebenza komhlaba jikelele kuthonywe ukusetshenziswa kwabatshalizimali nakwamabhange ye-Aktivo investment Marketing Marketing.
Imali esetshenziswayo yedolobha kanye nesifundazwe
Akuyona imfihlo yokuthi enhlokodolobha engenhla, amathuba amaningi aningi - ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwabantu ahlukile kwisifunda. Ukutadisha kweSafrorov neZubarevich kumane nje kuphawula ukuthi emadolobheni amakhuluwopitani kunamadiphozi amaningi kanye nokuthengiselana kokutholwa kwendawo ethengiswayo.
Isibonelo, ngo-2017, ukuthengwa kwendawo yangempela kwachithwa:
- I-7% esifundeni saseTyumen;
- I-8% eMoscow;
- Ngaphezulu kwama-5% eSt. Petersburg;
- Okungaphezu kwama-3% ngokwesilinganiso ezweni lonke.
Ngokwehla kwemali engenayo yabantu mayelana ne-Real Estate, kucatshangelwa okuncane futhi okuncane, yize abatshalizimali bakubheka njengendlela yokusindisa imali nemali engenayo. Sikhuluma ngezentengiso zezentengiselwano ezinomqashi wezitolo okukhethekile enhliziyweni kanye nohlobo lokutholwa ngesikhwama esivaliwe sokutshala imali esivaliwe. Ifomethi enjalo ifaka ukuthengwa kwento "yokuxhaphaza" into yemvelo yesikhungo, evumela ukukhombisa izivumelwano zokuqashisa.
Kuyini isimilo: 2020 kwaphenduka ukugxila ezifundeni - babenesifiso sabatshalizimali abangagculiseki ngomphakathi, bathola izikhungo zokuthenga njengezindawo ezijabulisayo nezokungcebeleka, kanye nokuqasha okuphansi kakhulu kwethrafikhi ephezulu. Kepha inqubo ebalulekile ihlala ikhona ukuba khona kwendawo yomkhiqizo futhi yingakho: nanoma iyiphi inkinga, izakhamizi zizothenga ukudla. Futhi njengoba ubhubhane likhonjisiwe, amaphuzu anjalo ahlala evulekile ephelele ekhiyiwe. Ngokwenyuka kweqhaza lemikhiqizo ngokwemibandela yokuchitha amaRussia khuluma futhi kuhlolwe - kunzima kakhulu isimo, lapho sichitha khona kwimikhiqizo.
Ekhanda letafula laseRussia - ukudla
Izindleko zendabuko nezokunqoba zawo wonke amaRussia - ukudla. Kwikota yesibili ka-2019, yi-38.9% yemali engenayo. Ukusatshalaliswa kwemali kuncike esifundeni, futhi ukusikwa ezweni akunakubizwa ngokuthi yi-homeonoogracis hhayi ngokwendawo noma ngokomlando: kusukela ngo-2004, 2018, izindleko zokudla zawa ngo-10%. Ezifundeni eziyi-14 zeRussia Federation, ngokusho kuka-2020, izindleko zidlula ama-40%. Phakathi kwazo:
- 59% - Ingushetia;
- 55% - dagestan;
- I-48% - Isifunda esizimele seChukotka;
- I-48% - isifunda seSmolensk;
- I-45% - Kabardino-Balkaria;
- 44% - I-Ryazan Region;
- 43% - UMordovia;
- I-42% - Isifunda saseTyumen;
- 40% - Isifunda SaseSaratov;
- 40% - Isifunda saseTula.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ezifundeni eziyi-11, izindleko azidluli ama-30%, ngokwesibonelo:
- 24% - Khanty-Mansi esifundeni;
- 25% - IMoscow kanye nesifunda saseMoscow;
- I-26% - Isifunda saseTatarstan neMurmansk.
Ingxenye abacwaningi ubona ukuhlanganisa ngqo: uma iphesenti imali kuphezulu (isibonelo, by 2018 abasesigabeni esiphakathi bawela 30%), bese imali ukuwa, ukuwa kwamandla emali kwenzeka, abasesigabeni esiphakathi kuyehla, kanye labantu azizwa okuvela Enhlelweni - inkanuko ngokwemvelo ichitha isikhathi esithe xaxa ekhaya futhi usebenzisa imali kumhlengikazi ngesimo sokudla.
Kubukeka sengathi kwakungu-2020 ukuthi kwakudingeka ukukhulisa izindleko zokudla: Sasihlala sihlala ekhaya. Kepha ngo-Ephreli-Meyi 2020 kukhombisile eminye imiphumela eRussia. Ekukhuleni okuphawuliwe "okulondoloziwe" ngezigaba ngonyaka ka-2019:
- + 26.2% - "izinto zasendlini kanye ne-elekthronikhi";
- + 71.2% - "Izitolo zendawo yonke".
Le mininingwane ivamile ezweni, kepha ikhombise izibalo ezihambelana njengamanje kuzo zonke izifunda. Lapho sengisekhaya ezindongeni ezine, amaRussia aqaphela ukuthi le ndlela yaphelelwa yisikhathi, iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni lalishunqisiwe kanti nezinto zangemuva azifani nalolo esijwayelene nazo lapho sijwayelene khona nalolo lwasemini noma ama-PASTS. Emzamweni wokugcina inhloso evamile, abaningi baye bathatha izibuyekezo. Ukuncishiswa kwezindleko ezigabeni "i-cafe" kanye "nokuzilibazisa" kuholele ekutheni imali esetshenziswayo ezigabeni "Indlu Yekhaya", "Impahla Yasendlini" kanye "nokulungiswa".
Yilezi zigaba ezimbili "izitolo zendawo yonke" kanye "nemishini yasendlini" zinikeza i-vector ethokozisayo ukukhombisa umtshalizimali wesifunda. Sijwayele ukucela ukutshala imali ezikhungweni ezinkulu zokuthenga eMoscow zibona ukuthi lezi zinto ziqinisekisa ithrafikhi kanye nesabelo salowo onamasheya. Izinguquko ezifunweni zabathengi eRussia, ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo zezitolo zezifunda, ukwanda kwenzalo ezitolo zendawo yonke nasemishini yasendlini esebenzisa ukulethwa kwe-Scheme - Ngesikhathi esifanayo (i-M-video, i-Sitilink, Eldorado, RBT , Iribhoni, i-auchan yobabili nabanye) kwaholela ekutheni abatshalizimali abavela ezifundeni bakwazi ukutshala imali ngempumelelo ezintweni zezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, ababambisene namanye amadolobha anentshisekelo kwezinye izindawo zeRussia Federation .
Ukuqala kuka-2021 - Isikhathi siyasebenza. Ngaphezu kwe-ajenda yezepolitiki, sonke silandela ukugoma, okuthi nsuku zonke kuhlanganisa inani labantu abaningi, ngakho-ke sisondela ekubuyeni esiteshini esijwayelekile, sigcizelela uchwepheshe. Isikhathi sokuhlanza isitimela sotshalomali oluphumelele kuze kube yilapho bengakaphenduli babe ngumkhuba owaziwayo, futhi izindleko zabo zibuyele ezingeni lezemfundo.