Endlini ye-Riga emgwaqweni. I-gedwedes, 16, amashumishumi eminyaka amabili waphila futhi wasebenza umdwebi ogqamile waseRussia, i-biography yakhe futhi kuze kube namuhla igcwele izimfumbe ...
I-Wildingling of Fate, ngeke ngesabe leli zwi, umdwebi onobuhlakani be-Russian Nikolai Petrovich Bogwanov-Belsky (1868-1945), okubonisa izikhathi zawo ezikhumbuza kahle ezincwadini zezingane, lapho abantu kwakukhona ndawo nzima kunathi kunathi.
... isithwathwa nelanga - usuku oluhle! Ngempela, u-Alexander Sergeevich, iSonto lasebusika lalihleliwe. Ekhumbula i-pushkin yaphakade, yakha kabusha ikhanda le-lampipost, lime isikhathi eside, libheke esakhiweni esihle sokuziqhenya, esakhiwe ngesitayela sanamuhla ngo-1912 ngo-Architect Nikolai Herzberg.
Ifulethi lesithupha, lapho eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ekwindla yango-1921, kwaxazululwa umculi womfudumulo waseRussia, aphumule ngeWindows ngqo esibhakabhakeni esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kubukeka sengathi i-attic yendlu ngqo phambi komuzi wonke amanga ngomugqa oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kunjengopende owayethanda ukubhala phansi imigwaqo yasezulwini yabahlali baleli khekhe lamatshe enkabeni yeRiga.
Ukwakha emgwaqweni weHerrode, oneminyaka engu-16 eRiga, lapho umdwebi waphila khona iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20
Ngangihlala ngibonakala ngiyisimanga ukuthi nge-Nikolae Petrovich Bogwanov-Belsky, enakho ama-canvas sikhumbula kahle izincwadi zezingane, cishe asikukhumbuli: Kwakuyi-Bogdanov-Belsky ngo-1897 yena wadala ubuciko obuhle "ezikoleni zeminyango. Uma usubonile, nakanjani awukhohlwa isibalo somfana womngane ogqoke kabi nge-kittombo ngemuva komhlane wakhe, ezinyaweni zami - wamisa ama-laptops kanye nokukhululwa kwezimbobo.
Umfo ekunqumeni unyathela embundwini we-Church -Hodis School - Akuxazululwa ukungena ngemvume, yize ngesizathu esithile uyakuqonda ukuthi umfana afuna ngempela ukwenza lokhu. Yilokho isazi-mlando esidume kakhulu sobuciko besikhathi uVladimir Stasov esibhale ngale Web: "Wena (umfana. - I-AUTH. I-AUTH.) Kubize thina, kodwa kusuka ku-OMETE Emuva futhi ususe ikhadi, ungaqonda ukuthi yini umuntu ongena ngaphakathi kwenhlonipho nokuthi yini eyomile engaya esikoleni kakhulu. "
Bekungeke kusimangaze ukuthi izizukulwane ezifundwe ngezikhathi zaseSoviet zazibhalwe ngalesi sithombe. By the way, umsebenzi womculi usehlotshiswe nge-State Russian Museum eSt Petersburg.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, uNikolai Petrovich kule ngane umngane womhlaseli wabhala. Futhi wesabe, unamahloni, wake wasongceleni wesikole sasemakhaya esiFundazweni saseSmolensk, angaqiniseka ukuthi ubengakwazi ukuvumela egumbini lokuqeqeshwa, noma ngabe ubukhona bakhe bebelokhu belapha.
"Ngivela emhlabathini ..."
UNkulunkulu wamanga nikolais eTemeskko, enikeza indodana yempi engafundile evela edolobhaneni laseBelsky County of Smolensk esifundazweni, kodwa futhi nokuyisebenzisa.UNikolai Bogdanov-Belsky wazalwa emshadweni, okwakuyihlazo elingakaze libe yihlazo. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, wapenda yonke yonke into ebaliwe (kufaka phakathi amalahle avela esithandweni somlilo), anqunywe emfukhimeni yesihlahla sezilwane, ezamangaza abanye. Lapho eneminyaka eyisithupha, "wafunda ukufunda iHubo", wenza umlindi wesonto weSevastyanyanch ...
"Ngivela emhlabathini, uBaba akakaze abonile: Ngingokwezangaphandle, indodana yomhlubuki bobdan, ngenxa yeBogdanov, futhi eBelsky saba khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. - Mina ngiyobhala Umalusi. Ngafika esikoleni saseRachinsky. Lapho uRachinsky enesifiso, noma ngabe kukhona yini izingane ezikwazi ukupenda. USergey Alexandrovich wanikeza umsebenzi wokudweba emvelweni wothisha oyedwa . Ukuhlolwa kwenzeka ngokubona isikole sonke.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwadingeka ngidwebe umuntu emvelweni. Wathola ukufana. USergey Alexandrovich wathatha umdwebo wathatha umama wakhe. Wayefuna ukungibona, futhi lapha umfana ompofu wawela ezikhwameni ezicebile zendlu ecebile. UVarvara Abramovna (udadewabo kadadewabo we-poet E. A. Baratynsky wamukelwa ngokugcwele. - I-approx. QAPHELA.
Bekuvame kakhulu kutholakala e-raczynskiy ehlobo lwabo lwe-baroness delvig, udadewabo womngane we-pushkin. Amahora ajabulisayo engiwasebenzisile emphakathini wawo. Abaningi, uma kungewona wonke umuntu, ngikweleta lo mndeni. Ngaphansi kokuphakama kwayo, yonke imfundo yami eqhubekayo idlulile. "
UNikolai wayesesimweni sendlu enhle enhle, njengesiponji esithatha zonke izinhlobo zolwazi; Ulalele ukukhuluma ngobuciko, umculo, yaseshashalazini, izincwadi, njll. Ngasikhathi sinye, eshawini, ngokusobala, futhi wahlala ebushelelezi. Izingane, umculi empilweni yakhe ngeke azinike iNkosi, ziyohlala zihlala emakhulwini emidwebo yakhe emangalisa. "Uma ... ngeke uthande izingane, ngeke ungene embusweni wezulu."
Namazy omunye umsebenzi omuhle kaNikolai Bogdanov-Belsky ochungechungeni lwezingane ezimpofu - "I-Akhawunti Ye-Oral", lapho, khona, uMfundisi wakhe kanye nomsizi ophelele, uprofesa kanye neselula. Ngenxa yokwesekwa kwale ndoda ekhanyayo, uNikolai wakwazi ukuqeda isikole sokwenza umdwebo, isithombe kanye nokwakhiwa, lapho othisha bakhe babeyiKonstantin Makovsky neVasily Polenov Academy of Arts , lapho u-Ilya abuyisela khona ngokwakhe enza umculi. Isikole esinjalo, ngiyaxolisa, ungaphuzi.
Ikogwasha
Kodwa-ke, uNikolai wayezikhandla, nasemilweni yabantu besikhathi sikaphila, abahlale benomusa, futhi kulula ukuxoxa. Abangani babiza umculi osemusha uBogdha. Kuthiwa wahlabelela nge-bass (mhlawumbe uzobe esebhala isithombe esimangazayo seFedor Shalyapin?) Futhi sadlala nge-Balalaica. Amantombazane ajwayelekile Melli, lapho indoda encane ebukekayo yenza "ukungabaza" kothando lukaMikhail Glinka "."
UNikolai Petrovich washeshe waba ngumculi othandwayo othandwayo owawa ama-oda wemidwebo, kufaka phakathi i-YusupeTovy, eSheremetev kanye neminye imindeni ye-echelon ephezulu kakhulu yaseRussia. Ngo-1902, ePeterhof, iBogdanov-Belsky yabhala isithombe seGrand Dmitry Dmitry Pavlovich, khona-ke umfana oneminyaka engu-10. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, wadala isithombe se-Empress Maria Fedorovna.
Futhi ngo-1904, iBogdanov-Belsky yaqala ukusebenza emfanekisweni we-Emperor Nikolai II uqobo!
UBogdanovy waseBogdanovy wakhumbula: "I-stroller yangilandela yangiyisa esigodlweni." Konke kwapendwe ngemizuzu. Uma iseshini iqokwe ngehora lesibili ntambama, khona-ke impela avule amahora amabili futhi wangena embusi, futhi kwadingeka ngilungiselele kusengaphambili. I-Easel, i-canvas kanye nopende. "
Imidwebo yayethulwa ngaphansi kwebhulashi lakhe njengezimpondo eziningi - ezikhanyayo, ezibonakalayo, ezibonakalayo futhi zingenakufinyeleleka: izingane ezifuywayo, izinto zezwe, namaqiniso amaqiniso, ahlanganiswe neqiniso, elihlanganiswe ne-Impressiosm. Emabhulashini akhe - ikhono, i-charisma, umlingo. Futhi usathanda ukuthula nabantu, ukuthi umdwebi uyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
I- "Symphony", 1907-1 1920: Lesi sithombe endalini "Sotby" saya ngamadola angama-561,000 ase-US
Ku-35, iBogdanov-Belsky yanikezwa isihloko se-Academian, kwathi ngo-46 saba yilungu elivumelekile le-Academy of ACTS. Futhi-ke ushintsho lwabulawa, okuyi-Nikolai Petrovich ngokwezigaba azange amukele.
Amajikijolo abomvu
Kuyaziwa ukuthi umsizi wakhe, umnyuziyamu kanye ne-simulanov-bellesky ngesitayela sobunqunu mkhulu!) Kwakukhona umfazi wakhe wezakhamuzi - u-Natalia Antonovna Totorova. Ngihlala naye iminyaka eyi-16 (ngokweminye imithombo, kancane kancane), ngishiya iRussia, uNikolai Petrovich wayeseLatvia; Indawo yokufuduka komsebenzi u-Antonovna. Ngakho-ke ngifuna ukufaka lokho akwenzile, okubizwa ngokuthi, ekhanda lakhe ...Ngenkathi izingxoxo ze-toporov ziholele eBerlin, zifuna ukuhlela umbukiso wemisebenzi yesithandwa sakhe, uNikolai Petrovich wahlala wedwa, futhi naye othile, ngokuvamile, izwe. Akakwazanga, kubonakala ngathi, ungezwa. Unesithombe salowo owayengumphathi we-White Guard othengisa amaphephandaba emigwaqweni yaseRiga. Ngicabanga, ngithethelele, izazi-mlando zobuciko, kulo muntu owalahlekelwa yizwe lakubo ngomqondo othile waziveza.
Ngemuva kweJalimane, uNatalia Antonovna akahambanga eya kumyeni wakhe, kwathi eYurophu: eSpot, eParis, emnandi. Ezincwadini ezibizwa ngeNikolai Petrovich kuye, kepha akazange ahambe. Mhlawumbe akafunwa ibanga elisuka eRussia? Yebo, futhi ukuxhumeka noNatalia Antonovna kwaqubuke kungazelelwe, iminonjana yakhe yalahleka endaweni ethile ogwini loLwandle iMedithera.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ngenkumbulo yalolu thando ngo-1920, iBogwanov-Belsky izobhala isithombe sokunethezeka "esibonisa uNatalia kwi-canvas: i-ruddy, ekhanyayo, ijabule, i-hairstyle ne-berstyle ebomvu negazi Ithebula ...
Isiteshi saseRiga: umcabango, okwesikhashana - kwavela kuze kube phakade
Encwadini yakhe u-Ilya Efimovich ephinda abuyise ama-motifs okusuka, umdwebi abhala athi: "Kulokho engakubhala ngale minyaka emine (1917-21 - D. P. P. P. P. P.), ngibonise konke lokhu Thatha eRiga, lapho ngihlala khona ngoSepthemba 15, 1921. "
Lapho ukushaqeka okuvela ekuthukeni kwawela, uNikolai Petrovich wathola umoya omusha eRiga, abangane nothando lwempilo. Futhi yeka ubuciko obuningi ababhala ngalo esitezi sakhe esiyisithupha emgwaqweni kaGertoDes - izinkulungwane! Umsebenzi ikhambi elingcono kakhulu lokudangala. Futhi wasebenza nobuphofu: Izingane zaseLatgale, amantombazane amancane aseLatvia, ubusika kanye nehlobo, imidwebo yaseLatvia ... iminyaka engu-23 ubudala, kwatholakala imibukiso yakhe eRiga, kanti ne-canvas yakhe yaphumelela Galleries Europe neMelika.
"Intwasahlobo": Imidwebo yomnikazi womshado womnikazi wekilabhu yakwa-Yacht Agasti u-Agasti Bauman, lowo mculi anobudlelwano obunobungani
ERiga, iBogdanov-Belsky yathola i-Antonina Maximilianovna ye-Erhardt, i-Baltic German, - izigidi zamaroses ezibomvu ziyamemeza ngakho, okuthumele intokazi yenhliziyo njengezipho nokuqashelwa kwemizwa. Ubudlelwano babathandi bebuntanta ngaphandle, nesehlukaniso sika-Antonina baphuthuma neKarl Erhardt. Ngemuva kokuthi oshade naye yangaphambili eshiya ama-expanses eLatvia, uNksz Erhardt washada nomdwebi wakhe waseRussia, kwathi ngo-1932 lo mbhangqwana wawushada e-Orthodox Christian Cathedral yaseRiga.
Imidwebo yonkosikazi weBaltic-German womculi uNkk Erhard, okuyindlela yesiRussia ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Antonina Maximianovna
Kumele sivume, iJalimane lalivuma uNikolai Petrovich, amnakekela kulowo okugcina. Wagcina inkumbulo yomyeni wakhe ezinganeni zakhe (kusukela emshadweni wokuqala) nabazukulu. Umndeni wakwa-Erhardt ugcina ngokucophelela imidwebo nguBogwanov-Belsky, okwathi iminyaka eminingi kwabhekwa njengokulahlekile, kwathi ngonyaka we-2016 kweza nombukiso eLatvia.
I-Riga kuWebs of Bogwanov-Belsky iyathandeka futhi imnene. Futhi kuyabonakala, njengokuthi imidwebo yabhalwa nanamuhla. UNikolai Petrovich wahamba kakhulu eLatgale, cishe njalo ehlobo elichithwa kule ngxenye yaseMpumalanga yeLatvia.
"Futhi ngiyazithanda izingane zami zaseLatgale - USasha, uMasha, uPetopes, uGrishek, ubuso bazo obuhlelekile nokusunduza!" - Uzosho embukisweni wakhe wokugcina "izingane zaseLatgali" ngo-1939.
Amantombazane eLatgale
UNikolai Petrovich wayeyilungu loMkhandlu weshashalazi yaseRussia yaseshashalazini kanye neklabhu yaseRussia, kanye nomunye wabahleli bomphakathi wezemibhalo kanye neshashalazi, ilungu lomzingeli we-Hunter Society. Ngo-1936, wathola ukuhleleka kwezinkanyezi ezintathu. Futhi yebo, uBogwanov-Belsky wayeyithanda iLatvia, futhi, ngokusobala, ngokulandelana.
Kuliqiniso ukuthi abahlakaniphile bathi: Impilo iya - hhayi insimu okufanele ihambe. Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, uNikolai Petrovich wayesevele eneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwaseJalimane kweRiga, waqhubeka nokubhala. Le minyaka yempilo yomculi omkhulu igcwele amathambo, okuthi kuze kube namuhla chofoza ngonya emihlathini kumakhabethe we-prynataline avaliwe.
Ekupheleni kwempi, umculi wagula, umfazi wamhambisa, ephefumula kancane, eBerlin. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngaphansi kokuqhuma kwamabhomu amabutho aseSoviet Army, uNikolai Petrovich oneminyaka engama-77 washona.
Umuntu angacabanga ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva futhi izinyanga bebelokhu beqhubeka emphefumulweni walokhu, nginesiqiniseko, wonke umfana ofanayo weSmolensk owadlala isikhumba futhi afune ngamantombazane abomvu anemibala enemibala enemibala ...
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Ireferensi. Imisebenzi kaNikolai Petrovich itholakala eHulumeni Tretakov Gallery eMoscow, i-State Russian Museum eSt. Umsebenzi wakhe uthengiswa ngemali enhle - kuma-sotheby wonke amaqabunga ama-canvas abogwanovsky anamaqabunga ayizinkulungwane ezingama-600-700.
ULyudmila Vavever.