"U-Alice eWonderland" Lewis Carroll selokhu kwadluliselwa kwabafundi bakhe abasebancane futhi osuvele wavuthelana nalolo suku lakhe, lapho umgqomo omhlophe uhlala ezungeza indawo ethile kanye ne-Cheshire cat grins. Kodwa-ke, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi u-Alice akasikho kuzo zonke izithelo zomcabango wombhali wesiNgisi, kepha intombazane yangempela ka-Alice Liddell ephila eduze. Nguye owagqugquzela i-Carloll ukuthi "ithumele" iqonde emgodini onogwaja lapho ufuna ama-adventures.
I-AMECE.RU yanquma ukuthola ukuthi ikusasa laleli Alice lakhiwa kanjani nokuthi impilo yakhe igcwele ukufika kanye nempilo ye-heroine enhle.
Ukujwayela isiphetho somndeni wakwaLiddelov nomndeni oneminyaka emi-4 noCharles Dodzhson
Ngo-1852, kwavela intombazane u-Alice emndenini wesayensi yezombuso waseBrithani uHenry Liddell. Wayengumntwana we-4 kwezingu-10 uprofesa wezingane. Akuzange kubalwe ukuthi kuphuthelwe umndeni omkhulu kangaka. Odadewabo bakaLorin no-Edith bayenzelwe ngenhliziyo yonke inkampani efuna u-Alice emigodini yezingane zakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Oxford, lapho umndeni omkhulu uhambile ngo-1856, waletha ama-lidedewoni eCharles DODZHHYSON, ozokwaziwa maduze emhlabeni njengoLewis Carroll. Ubungani buqale ngo-Ephreli 25, 1856, lapho umndeni uthole uLewis ngokuthwebula izithombe eKhathedrali lendawo. ULiddell wabelana ngentshisekelo yomuntu omusha ekwakhekeni kwaleso sikhathi futhi washeshe umemeze uCarloll ukwenza owokuqala wezithombe zomndeni, ikakhulukazi, okwakuyingane ye-Photogenic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayenomkhuba omuhle wokwehlisa isilevu futhi abheke egumbini elingaphansi kwamashiya, ngqo njengenkosazana yasePrincess Diana.
U-Alice Liddell esithombeni sebhentshi. Photo Lewis Carroll.
U-Alice nodadewabo bachitha isikhathi esiningi noLewis, okuthi ezinganeni zenkampani babezizwa njengenhlanzi emanzini. Baye eMnyuziyamu University ndawonye, okwaba yindawo ayithandayo yentombazane, ama-picnics anelisekile ngasemfuleni. Kamuva, u-Alice wakhumbula: "Lapho siye emfuleni ndawonye noMnu Carroll, wayehlala eletha ubhasikidi ogcwele amakhekhe. Kwesinye isikhathi sasihamba kosuku lonke futhi sathatha ubhasikidi omkhulu ngesidlo sasemini: inkukhu, isaladi nezinye izinto ezinhle. "
U-Alice (kwesokudla) nodadewabo baka-Edith noLorina.
U-Alice nodadewabo babethanda ukuchitha isikhathi noLewis, ngoba kumuntu okhulile angafunda ukuzijabulisa okukhulu. Futhi yini enye edinga ingqondo ebuntwaneni ebuntwaneni?
Njengoba intombazane eneminyaka engu-10 yaba u-Alice eWonderland
NgoJulayi 4, 1862, ngesinye sezikebhe ezihamba ngesikebhe sika-Alice Liddell wabuza umngani wakhe ukuthi atshele enye indaba, lapho kuzoba khona konke okungokwezingqondo. ULewis wavuma futhi watshela odade mayelana nokufika kwentombazanyana ezweni elingaphansi komhlaba, lapho awela khona ngengozi, ehlulekile kumvundla uNora. Umlingiswa ophambili ka-Alisa obizwa ngokuthi u-Alice, futhi wakhumbuza kakhulu prototype: elifanayo nenkani, linelukuluku futhi elingelona unyaka. Le ntombazane eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala yajabula ngokuthi umlingisi uthwala igama lakhe, futhi acele owesilisa ukuthi abhale incwadi ethi utshelwe nguye. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuhamba kwamantombazane esikebheni enkampanini yenkampani, umndeni wakwaLiddelov wayeka ukuxhumana nomngane womndeni. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, wanikeza u-Alice umbhalo wesandla wendaba wendaba, owayenesihloko esithi "Ukufika kuka-Alice ngaphansi komhlaba" futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, okuhlotshiswe ngemidwebo yawo. Kwakuyisipho sikaLewis ngemnyuziyamu wakhe kaKhisimusi 1864.
Ingxenye yombhalo wesandla.
Ngo-1865, uLewis Carroll washicilela incwadi ngaphansi kwesihloko esihlukile - "ama-Alice ameveli eWonderland." Ngakho-ke intombazane ka-Alice yavusa ithalente lakhe lokubhala ezibalo futhi yaba prototype we-heroine, izingane kanye nabantu abadala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zeplanethi yaqala ukufunda izikhonkwane zazo. Kuyakwazi ukukwazi ukuthi lokho encwadini eshicilelwe u-Alice ngaphandle, akufani nakancane ne-prototype yakhe, kusukela lapho kudala imifanekiso, umculi uJohn Tenel wasebenzisa intombazane ehluke ngokuphelele njengemodeli.
Ngemuva kokuba umbhalo wesandla wanikelwa ngu-Alice, uLewis akazange ahlanganise nomndeni. Lapho ebhekene nentombazane esevele evuthiwe, umbhali waphawula kudayari yakhe, ukuthi wakujabulela ukubona imnyuziyamu yakhe, kodwana wayenomuzwa wokuthi uke wakushintshile.
U-Alice angaba yinto ekhethekile yasebukhosini
Ngenkathi u-Alice Omnandi Emakhasini ale ncwadi ahamba ngezwe lomlingo, intombazane yakhe eyingqayizivele eneminyaka engu-19 ubudala, kanye nodadewabo, u-Edith noLorina baya kuhambo olukhulu lwaseYurophu, benza khona ngenkuthalo ku-Track Diary futhi imidwebo yokubona. Ngaphansi kokwelulwa kwe-Organian yezobuciko ehamba phambili eHlelo lokuHlakalisa uJohn ROiskosina, wawupenda.
U-Alice oneminyaka engama-20.
Ngokobukhulu be-Alice vanessita Tate, intombazane kamama yayifuna u-Alice, njengoba okuhle kakhulu kwamadodakazi, ashada nenkosana. Abazongenela ukhetho bebengemuhle ngokwanele ngenxa yenxxenye yakhe. By the way, ukuze ube yi-Alice ekhethekile yasebukhosini futhi ngempela. Kuthiwa ngesinye isikhathi ngemuva kwakhe kwakhiwa indodana encane yeNdlovukazi yeNdlovukazi uVictoria Leopold. Kodwa-ke, le ndaba yahlala isikhathi eside, futhi ngokushesha uLeopold washada nenkosazana yaseJalimane.
U-Alice "EWorewland, ekugcineni ekugcineni waba ngokoqobo"
Uhlaka oluvela kwifilimu "Alice eWonderland" (2010).
Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba 15, 1880, u-Alice oneminyaka engu-28 ushada nakancane kumuntu wasebukhosini, ophikisana nokulindelwe kwabazali, kanye neCricatist of Reginald Hargrivs. Abashadikazi abasanda kwenziwa bahlala ezweni elisendaweni yaseHampshire. Ezincwadini zakhe, umyeni wakhe wabiza indlu ngokuthi "umlobisi, ekugcineni ekugcineni waba ngokoqobo ngo-Alice" futhi wayehlala ebhaliselwe 'njengomkakho onothando.' Umama wanikeza imfundo enhle u-Alice, ngakho-ke kwakungekho zinkinga ngolwazi lomndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahlwa kwayo kwakuyizinceku eziningi. UMnu Hargrivs wahlanganyela ekuhleleni amabhola, waqhubeka nokudweba nokuzibandakanya ekubambeni kwesihlahla. Emshadweni u-Alice kwakungekhona umfazi wasendlini ophoqelelayo kuphela, kodwa futhi kwaholela empilweni yezenhlalo esebenzayo, ethatha isikhundla soMmeli wokuqala wesikhungo sabesifazane bendawo. Amahabhu ayenamadodana amathathu. Owesibili wabo wabizwa ngokuthi uLeopold, uqonde njenge-Uchager Alice yasebukhosini. By the way, kwakuyintombazane yakhe bacelwa ukuba babe ngunkulunkulu womfana. Yebo, isisokazi sayo sendodakazi yakhe yokuqala ayizange sibize ngenye indlela njengo-Alice. Indodana yesithathu yamaHharrivs yathola igama elithi Caryl. Kukhona okukhumbuza, akunjalo?
UPrince Leopold nendodakazi ka-Alice.
U-Alice wayengunina onamandla futhi oqinile: wenqabela iKaryl encane ukwakha umsebenzi wepiyano wayo, ongavumili ukuba enye indodana yakhe imemezele ngaphansi kwetafula lokudlela ngenxa yalokho umakoti wakhe kwakunguMelika. Ngake kwaba ngumngane oseduze, uLewis Carroll Alisa ngezikhathi ezithile waxhasa ukuxhumana. NgoMashi 1885, kwenye yezincwadi, umlobi ono-nostalgia wakhumbula, "umngani omncane ofanele" kwakunguNkk Hargrivs. Okokugcina u-Alice wahlangana naye ngo-1891, lapho, kanyekanye nodadewabo, wayevakashela indoda e-Oxford.
U-Alice uthengise umbhalo wesandla onikelwe kuye uCarloll wakhe ukukhokha izikweletu
Njengoba eselahlekelwe amadodana ka-Alan noLeope, bese umyeni wakhe, u-Alice, ukukhokha ikhophi elibhalwe ngesandla 'lokufika kuka-Alice ngaphansi kweKarroll. Ngo-1928, le ncwadi yathengiswa kumthengisi waseMelika nge- £ 15,400. Indodana yakhe kuphela esisindayo uCaryl Alice akafuni ukuyeka omunye umuntu wesifazane ekwamuseni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okhethiweyo wakhe wayengumfelokazi onezingane ezi-2 abadala. Enye indlela, washada, futhi ngokushesha kuphela umzukulu weNkk Hargrivs, ovela ushukela osondlekayo, okondlayo okondlayo. Kamuva, intombazane ethintwe yakhumbula ugogo wayo njengowesifazane osekhulile ngombala omnyama, wehla izinkukhu ezihlahleni. Owesifazane osekhulile ngezikhathi ezithile wakhalaza eNdodaneni yakhe ukuthi wayekhathele ukuba ngu-Alice avela ezweni lezimangaliso. Noma kunjalo, ngo-1932, ngekhulu leminyaka kusukela ekuzalweni kukaCarroll, ngesikhathi somfelokazi oneminyaka engama-80, eNkampani nakusoSOSHANI UKUZEZA UKUTHOLA IMISEBENZI YEMINYAKA YOKUTHENGA . Ngokubona kwakhe, lolu hambo lwavela cishe lufana okufanayo okujabulisayo njengokuthi "adventuregroure komhlaba".
Eminyakeni engu-82, i-prototype ye-heroine enhle ayizange ibe, kepha u-Alice Liddell waba umlando kuze kube phakade njengomlando njengentombazane ebuzayo eyala unogwaja uNora.
Yini ekushayele endabeni ka-Alice? Ngabe ufundile incwadi uLewis Carralla noma mhlawumbe wabuka enye yezihlangu zenganekwane edumile?