Abakushoyo ngalokhu yizazi zefilosofi, abameli kanye nemithetho yamazwe ahlukahlukene ngamagama ama-5, 50 nama-500.
Ngemuva kukaJanuwari 6, abasekeli be-Trump bagqekeza eCapitol bafuna ukuphindwaphindwa kwamavoti okhethweni lukamongameli, ingxoxo mayelana "nelungelo labantu ekuvukeni" futhi kwaqubuka. Umnyombo wayo wehlela ukuxazulula inkinga, ukuthi ngabe umphakathi ulungile yini ukumelana nobuhlakani nokucindezela ngezikhali ezandleni. Futhi uma ilungelo elinjalo likhona, khona-ke indlela yokuhlukanisa ubuphekula nokuvukela ihlomile.
Ekugcineni ngaphambi kuka-2021, lesi sihloko saxoxwa ngobuciko ngo-2014 - mayelana nezehlakalo zase-Ukraine. Kodwa-ke, izazi zefilosofi nabameli bavezwa ngokuthi "ilungelo lokuvukela" kwangaphambilini, amakhulu eminyaka ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu yaseChina naseGrisi yasendulo. Esikhathini esedlule, isayensi yezomthetho ithuthukise imisebenzi yabacabangayo njengokubona nokuzithethelela ukugqama komashiqela, futhi kukhulume kakhulu ngokumelene nokusemthethweni kwalelo thuba.
Kuyini isimilo, esaziwa ngokuthi "ilungelo lokuvukela" kanye nomholi wokuqala weSoviet Russia Vladimir Lenin. Emsebenzini wakhe wasendulo, "uMbuso kanye URevu" wabhala ukuthi ukuqiniswa kokunye ukucindezelwa, ukuqiniswa kwehhovisi lokucindezelwa "kuphoqa inguquko ukugxila kuwo wonke amandla okubhujiswa."
Ngabe bazokwazi ukubona ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zezomthetho kanye nezifundazwe "kwesokudla kuvuko" nokuthi lihlelwe kanjani - kuya ngesikhathi samahhala ungalifunda ngamagama ama-5, 50 noma angama-500.
Ngamazwi ayi-5
Ngokuvamile, yebo, eRussia - Cha.Ngamazwi angama-50
"Ilungelo lokuvukela" liyabona iJalimane, iCzech Republic, eFrance, e-USA, ngisho ne-United Kingdom. Kakade ngo-1793, isimemezelo sesiFulentshi "saba ngamalungelo abantu kanye nesakhamuzi" samemezela isisusa esithi "UMthetho Ongcwele Kakhulu, Welungelo Oludingekayo Kubantu." Ababambiqhaza abaningi bomhlangano kuMthethosisekelo Wokuhlelwa KweRussia bakwa-1993 banikezwa ukuhlanganisa ilungelo elinjalo futhi kulo, ngenxa yalokho, lo mbono awusekelwanga.
Ngamagama angama-500
Umqondo we- "Right to the Balsing" Bacabangi athuthukisiwe isikhathi eside. Cishe kwakungokokuqala ukuba ngowokuqala emakhulwini emakhulwini ethu e-XII-XI kubabusi bethu baseChina basendulo abavela e-Zhou Dynasty. Ukuze bathethelele ukuthathwa kwamandla avela ebukhosini bangaphambilini, bahlakulela ukufundisa yonke, abaziwa ngokuthi "igunya lezulu." I-thesis yakhe ephakathi ifundeka: Isibhakabhaka sibusisa umyalo wemvelo nentando yombusi obulungile, okukulesi sifiso "indodana yezulu". Kodwa-ke, iThiran yezulu ngeke ijabule futhi iphendule igunya labo, selidluliselwe ngumbusi ofanele.
"Ilungelo lokuvukela umbuso" lisesikweni lamaSulumane. Ungqongqoshe we-Islam Saudi Arabia ngo-1998-2014, uSheikh Salih Ali Sheikh wachaza okuqukethwe nguHadimi wama-28, othi: "Lalela futhi uyokutshela inceku." Ngokubona kwakhe, "ukulalela nokulalela umbusi kumane nje kuyiqiniso lokuthi akaphefumuli u-Allah." Uma ngasizathu simbe uMbusi uyala isono, ngeke alandelwe.
E-Europe, ukuqala kwemibono 'yamalungelo e-Upring "kwabekwa" ama-tiranobors "e-garmody ne-aristuton eGrisiton yasendulo. Cishe ngo-514, ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu, babenomzamo wakwaTiranans Hippius naseHippork futhi bazishonile. Izakhamizi ezibonga ziphenduke amaTiranoubys njengamaqhawe ezizwe futhi kwamisa isikhumbuzo, esibhekwa njengesikhumbuzo sezepolitiki sokuqala ezwekazini.
Ngo-1215, abakwa-English Barons baphoqa inkosi kaJohn uphawu olungenamkhawulo "Charter Great Charter of Quarter". Enye yezindatshana zedokhumenti yathi uma inkosi "entweni ethile ebhekene nanoma ngubani ozonqoba noma ezinye izihloko zomhlaba noma iwaranti," kanye nomhlaba wonke, zizophoqelelwa Zonke izindlela ezingaba kuphela, okungukuthi, ngokuthwebula izinqaba, amazwe, impahla nakuzo zonke izindlela. " Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi empeleni ukuthi le ndatshana ayizange ibe yi-Charter ngokwayo iyonke isabonwa yisishayamthetho saseBrithani njenge-avumelekile.
Ngaphezu kwesimemezelo sesiFulentshi esingu-1793, "kudalushelwa" ekumemezelweni kwenkululeko yase-United States: "Lapho uchungechunge olude lokuhlukumeza kanye nodlame lufakazela ukucindezela ukuphoqa abantu abaphostoli, okuchithwayo Kuhulumeni onjalo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezokuphepha ezintsha kuqinisekisa ikusasa liba abantu abalungile nababoshelwayo. " Eqinisweni, akubona bonke abameli abavuma ukuthi incazelo enjalo iyazithethelela konke ukuvuselelwa okungenzeka ngekusasa. Abanye babo bakholelwa ukuthi isimemezelo sasinesenzo sesikhathi esisodwa.
Ezingxenyeni zesimanjemanje zamanje, "ilungelo lokuvukela" labhalwa ngokuqondile, ngokwesibonelo, emthethweni omkhulu weJalimane. Isigaba 20 sathi "wonke amaJalimane anelungelo lokumelana nanoma ngubani ozozama ukukhansela i-oda lomthethosisekelo uma kungekho eminye imithi." Okufanayo ngokwencazelo yalesi simo kuMthethosisekelo waseGrisi: "Ukuhambisana nomthethosisekelo kwabelwe ukuthanda izwe lamaGreeks, anelungelo nesibopho sokumelana nanoma ngubani ozama ukuKhansela" kanye ICzech Republic: "Izakhamizi zinelungelo lokumelana nanoma ngubani ofaka i-oda lentando yeningi. Amalungelo abantu nenkululeko eyisisekelo."
KuMthethosisekelo waseRussia "ku-Uprusing" kuyadingeka ngokusemthethweni. Umphakathi wesayensi awukafinyeleli ukuyekethisa kokuthi ngabe kungokulungile "okungokwemvelo" (okungokwemvelo kumuntu ngenxa yemvelo yayo) noma okuhle "okudinga ukutholwa komthetho okhethekile). Akukacaci kodwa ukuthi lo ngumuntu ofanele (njengelungelo le-tyranoubium) noma elihlangene (abantu kuphela abangavukela, hhayi umuntu oyedwa). Inkinga enkulu umehluko ongalingani phakathi kwamaphekula kanye nama-freed Fighters. Akakaze athole imvume egculisayo.
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Umthombo